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1、1.作作定语定语2.作表语作表语4.作状语作状语3.作宾补作宾补过过去去分分词词 The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面前面; ;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。词的后面。 1.English is a widely used language. 3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.过去分词作定语 2.He threw away the broken cup.
2、 4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.vv spoken English spoken English = English which is spoken = English which is spokenvv terrified peopleterrified people = the people who are terrified = the people who are terrifiedvv an organized wayan organized way =
3、 a way that is organized = a way that is organizedvv affected area affected area 灾区灾区灾区灾区 = the area which is affected= the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher = the book which was recommended by the teacher printed ar
4、ticles = articles that are printed Discovering Useful Structures P4 Find more examples in the reading passage where the past participle is used as attribute and predicative.1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 3) He got inter
5、ested in the two theories. 4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood (Attribute)(Attribute)(Predicative)(Predicative)Past Participle as the AttributePast Participle as the Predicative1. terrified people1.2. reserved seats2.3. polluted water3.4. a crowded room4.5. a pleased winner5.6. 6. chil
6、dren who look astonished7. 7. a vase that is broken8.8. a door that is closed9.9. the audience who feel tired10.10. an animal that is trapped Past Participle as the Attribute Past Participle as the Predicative1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved3.poll
7、uted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired10.a
8、 trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶地上有许多落叶) Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural v
9、illages, had never been to Beijing. (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京从没去过北京) 及物动词的过去分词表示及物动词的过去分词表示“结束了的被结束了的被 动动作动动作”或者没有一定的时间性或者没有一定的时间性, ,只表示只表示“被动关系被动关系”。v polluted water = water which is pollutedv reserved seats = the seats which were reservedv trapped animal = the animal which was trap
10、pedv boiled water = water which has boiledv fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen v risen sun = the sun which has risen 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有有“动作完成，动作结束动作完成，动作结束”之含义之含义。 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语也可用作也可用作非限制性定非限制性定语语，前后用逗号隔开。，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Guo Ji
11、ngming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。喜爱。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京过北京. The book _ (一本农民一本农民写的书写的书) is very popular.The building _(去年建去年建的楼房的楼房) now collapsed in the
12、Wenchuan earthquake.The problem _ (在昨天会议上讨论的在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.The window _被那个顽皮男孩打破的被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.written by the farmerbuilt last yeardiscussed at the meeting yesterdaybroken by that naughty boyThe children _昨昨天在医院检查的天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.The people _(暴露在阳光
13、暴露在阳光下的下的) got sunburnt.The boy _(受到老师严厉惩罚的受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.The water _(送到他家的水送到他家的水) carried disease.examined in the hospital yesterdayexposed to the sunpunished severely by the teacherdelivered to his homeThe English today is quite different from the English _(300年前所说的年前所说的).Mos
14、t of the artists_ (被被邀请去参加聚会的邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.The students _(受到受到老师鼓舞的老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.spoken in the past 300 yearsinvited to the party inspired by the teacher过去分词过去分词作定语作定语 A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playingA解析 过去分词做定语与其
15、修饰词之间是过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关动宾关系系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生正在发生，与修，与修饰词是饰词是主谓关系主谓关系。不定式作定语表示不定式作定语表示将要发生将要发生的动作。的动作。first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.ConsolidationConsolidation1
16、. Prices of daily goods _ through a 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store computer can be lower than store prices.prices. A. are bought B. bought A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying C. been bought D. buyingB2. With a lot of different problems 2. With a lo
17、t of different problems _, _, the newly-elected president is having the newly-elected president is having a hard time. a hard time. A. settled B. settling A. settled B. settling C. to settle C. to settle D. being settled D. being settledC3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases 3. Dont use words, e
18、xpressions or phrases _ only to people with specific _ only to people with specific knowledge.knowledge. A. being known B. having been known A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known C. to be known D. knownD4. When I got back, I saw a message _ 4. When I got back, I saw a message _
19、 to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read C. pinned, reading2 2）作表语）作表语）作表语）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处表示主语的心理感觉或所处
20、表示主语的心理感觉或所处表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：当作形容词使用。如：当作形容词使用。如：当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lostsurprised, lost等。等。等。等。The window is broken. 窗户碎了。窗户碎了。Dont g
21、et so excited. 别这么激动。别这么激动。过去分词过去分词作表语作表语1.1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示 动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, ,句子主语为句子主语为 动作的承受者，后面常跟动作的承受者，后面常跟byby短语。短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are clo
22、sed by Jack.3.3.表示表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词(如如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去和一些过去 分词分词(如如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用常用 作表语作表语,表示状态表示状态.其中有些其中有些仅表示状态仅表示状态,毫无被动毫无被动 意味。意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. She was very disappoint
23、ed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.过去分词过去分词作表语作表语C解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wound
24、ed. .Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost CDC3. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing;
25、 disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示
26、状态或完成 a moving movie 感人的电影感人的电影 a moved audience 被感动的观众被感动的观众 boiling water 正在烧正在烧(煮沸煮沸)的水的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水已煮沸的水 developing countries 反展中国家反展中国家 developed countries 发达国家发达国家 falling leaves 落叶落叶(正在进行正在进行) fallen leaves 落叶落叶(已经完成已经完成)The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.
