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1、一、帮你归纳1characteristic adj.典型的，独特的，特有的n特征，特性，特点，品质2021/8/61character n(人的)品质，性格；(事物的)特点，特征；人物，角色；汉字，字体characterize v具有的特征；描述的特征characterless adj.无特色的；无个性的；平凡的辨析：characteristic，feature与character2021/8/62必修必修Unit 1 Great scientists课堂考点清障课堂考点清障考点考点1. Who put forward a theory about black holes?(Page 1)Th
2、ey put forward some practical plans at the meeting.他们在会上提出一些很实际的计划。他们在会上提出一些很实际的计划。用法归纳用法归纳put forward提出；推荐提出；推荐put down=write down写下写下put down as视为；看作视为；看作put in打断；插嘴打断；插嘴put off延期；推迟延期；推迟2021/8/633.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论谁提出了黑洞的理论?put forward(1) to offer (an idea, sugg
3、estion etc.) for consideration 提出提出(建议等建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职位推荐某人或自己任职位;提名提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们我能否提名你当我们的班长的班长?put away 抛弃抛弃;舍弃舍弃 put down 写下来写下来;记入名单记入名单;put on 穿上穿上;戴上戴上;增加增加 put off 耽误耽误;延期延期put out 熄灭熄灭(灯灯);扑灭扑灭 (火火) put up 建立建立;建造建造put up with 忍受忍受 You can take anyth
4、ing from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off2021/8/648put forward提提出出；建建议议；推推荐荐；将将提前提前Who put_forward a theory about black holes？(回回归课归课本本P1)要点导航要点导航put sth.aside忽忽视视；不理睬；忘；不理睬；忘记记put sth.away将将收收起起；把把放放回回原原处处；积积蓄蓄put
5、sth.back将将放放回回；推推迟迟；拨拨慢慢(钟钟表指表指针针)put sth.down记记下；下；镇压镇压put sth.in安装；插入；插安装；插入；插话话2021/8/65put sth.off延期，推延期，推迟迟put sth.on穿上；演出穿上；演出put sth.out熄熄灭灭，扑，扑灭灭put sb./sth.through.接通接通电话电话put sth.up举举起；起；张贴张贴，公布；挂起；建，公布；挂起；建造造2021/8/662021/8/673analyse vt.分析；研究，观察并了解某事物analysis nlsIs n分析analyst n分析者，化验员ana
6、lytic adj.分析的；解析的analytical adj.分析的，解析的，分析性的提示：复数形式analyses nlsiz请特别注意，单复数只有一个字母之差。2021/8/68We should consider all these factors in coming to draw a conclusion.我们需要综合考虑这些因素以便我们得出结论。我们需要综合考虑这些因素以便我们得出结论。用法归纳用法归纳conclude vt.结束；推断出结束；推断出 draw a conclusion得出结论得出结论to conclude使结束；完毕；最后使结束；完毕；最后对应训练对应训练(1)
7、The doctor _ (断定断定)that the patients disease was only a cold.(2)To _ (最后最后),I wish you all good health and a long life.(3)From his appearance we may safely _ (得出得出结论结论)that he is a heavy smoker.concludeconcludedconclude2021/8/69.重点词汇及短语1conclude vt.&vi.断定；推断出；使结束，终止；达成；缔结(协定)Draw a conclusion.(回归课本P
8、1)2021/8/610(2)conclusion n结束；结论in conclusion最后；总之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论come to a conclusion that.所得结论是2021/8/611(4)法官下结论说，那人有罪。法官下结论说，那人有罪。(汉译英；汉译英；guilty) _考点考点3. John Snow defeats “King Cholera” (Page 2)Our men were heavily defeated in the battle.我军在此战役中受到重创。我军在此战役中受到重创。用法归
9、纳用法归纳defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫打败；战胜；使受挫be defeated by被被击败击败defeat n.失败失败failure n.失败失败对应训练对应训练(1)The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, _ (但是他被击败了但是他被击败了(2)I never consider _(有失败的可有失败的可 能性能性).the possibility of defeatThe judge concluded that the man was guilty.but he was defeated2021/8/612用法归纳用法归纳blame
10、 vt.责备；谴责责备；谴责blame n.过失；责备过失；责备blame sth.on sb.某事归咎于某人某事归咎于某人blame sb.for sth.某事归咎于某人某事归咎于某人take the blame for承担责任承担责任 be to blame应受谴责应受谴责对应训练对应训练(1)They _ (怪罪怪罪)the secretary for the delay of the plan.(2)We were not sure about _ (该责怪谁该责怪谁).(3)Which driver _ (对事故负对事故负 责责)?(4)孩子们不应受到谴责。孩子们不应受到谴责。(汉译
11、英汉译英) _The children were not to blame blamedwho was to blamewas to blame for the accident2021/8/6136blame v责责备备，谴谴责责；把把归归咎咎于于；n.过过失失；责备责备It seemed the water was to blame.(回回归课归课本本P2)要点导航要点导航blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因因为为某某事事责责备备某某人人/责责备备某人做了某事某人做了某事blame sth.on sb.把某事把某事归归咎于某人咎于某人be to blame (for)
12、应应(为为)承承担担责责任任；该该(为为)受受责备责备(此此处处不能用被不能用被动语态动语态)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对对某事某事负责负责任任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事将某事归归咎于某人咎于某人2021/8/6149blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；(过错、失败等等)责任blame sb. for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth.on sb. 因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责/应负责scold
13、 sb. for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人2021/8/615(3) _ (政府宣布政府宣布)that they would build a new highway to the mountain.(4)他们刚刚宣布订婚。他们刚刚宣布订婚。(汉译英；汉译英；engagement) _考考点点10. Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. (Page 4)Apart from their house in London, they also
14、 have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。他们在伦敦有房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。用法归纳用法归纳apart from除除之外；此外之外；此外apart from远离，和远离，和不在一起不在一起besides prep.除除之外之外in addition to除除之外之外Theyve just announced their engagement.The government announced2021/8/616(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看照看, ,照料照料.
15、.如如: :医生照看病人医生照看病人. .The doctor attendedattended the patients.(3)to be present at 出席出席, ,到场到场. . 如如: :attendattend school 上学上学attendattend a lecture 听讲座听讲座attendattend church 去教堂去教堂attendattend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼出席婚礼2021/8/6172. attend2. attend1) 1) 专心专心 , , 处理处理 attend to sth.attend to sth. 2 2）照顾
16、）照顾 attend to sb. / sthattend to sb. / sth3) 3) 治疗，护理治疗，护理, , 照料照料attend (on ) sb.attend (on ) sb. 4 4）出席，参加）出席，参加 attend a meetingattend a meeting attend school (attend school (入学）入学）He attended to his business.He attended to his business.If you go out , who will attend to the baby?If you go out ,
17、who will attend to the baby?I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I was too busy.was too busy.他专心于他的事务。他专心于他的事务。如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。2021/8/6184attend vt.出席，参加(be present at)attend a meeting/conference 参加会议a
18、ttend a lecture 听演讲attend school/classes 上学/听课v照顾，看护，服侍attend(on/upon)the sick 看护病人attend to a customer 接待顾客vi.注意；专心于attend to 专心于2021/8/619用作不及物动词时，常跟介词to，再接宾语。attend a lecture/a movie听演讲/看电影attend school/class上学/上课attend a meeting参加会议attend on/upon sb.伺候某人，照顾某人attend to sb./sth.处理；注意倾听；专心于；照料2021/
19、8/620发散思维：发散思维：exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露暴露，显露开放思维开放思维: : expose to 使易受，使受使易受，使受 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局2021/8/6218.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰其次，约翰. .斯诺调
20、查了这两条街的水源。斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。look into 看看.里面；里面；to investigate 检查；检查；了解。了解。 如：如：Well look intolook into this matter together.我们将一起调查这个问题。我们将一起调查这个问题。2021/8/622开放思维：开放思维：look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待观看，面向，旁观，看待look out 面朝，留神，照料面朝，留神，照料look over 从上面看，察看，检查从上面看，察看，检查look around 环顾，观光，察看环顾，观光，察看look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习
21、看穿，审核，浏览，温习look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找仔细打量，到处寻找look after 寻求，照顾，关心寻求，照顾，关心2021/8/62310link.to.把与连接起来(常用被动语态，表示状态)link up(with)连接，结合link.with.把与连接/相联系join.to.把与连接/联合connect.to.把与相联系connect.with.把与相联系/关联2021/8/624linkto. 把把与与连接；联系连接；联系 如：如：Fingerprints linkedlinked the suspect to to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的
22、犯罪事实。指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。be linked to 连接连接 如：如：The two towns are linkedlinked by a railway.2021/8/625 make sensemake sense 讲得通；有道理讲得通；有道理 1) 1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。 Here, read the sentence. It doesnt seem to make sensemake sense. 2) 2) 你编的故事我听不明白你编的故事我听不明白。 Your story doesnt make sensemak
23、e sense to me.2021/8/62610make sense有意义；有道理；讲得有意义；有道理；讲得通通Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense.(回回归课归课本本P6)要点导航要点导航make sense of理解，明白理解，明白make no sense没道理；没意没道理；没意义义There is no sense in doing sth.做做没道理没道理in a sense在某一方面；就某种意在某一方面；就某种意义义来来说说in no
24、sense决不是，决非决不是，决非2021/8/62714make sense v有道理，讲得通，有意义make no sense 讲不通make sense(out)of sth.了解的意义a sense of humour 幽默感a sense of direction/duty 方向感/责任感common sense 常识a man of good sense 通情达理的人2021/8/628the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed u
25、s the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用可以用that;可以用可以用in which;还可以省略还可以省略.I dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与与way相关的短语相关的短语:by the way 顺便说顺便说 by way of 通过通过的方法的方法lose ones way 迷路迷路 no way (俚语俚语)
26、没门没门,别想别想feel ones way 摸黑走摸黑走,谨慎从事谨慎从事on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法用这种方法2021/8/6296. controlv v. . 统治，控制统治，控制He tried to control his anger. He tried to control his anger. 他尽量控制自己的愤怒。他尽量控制自己的愤怒。n. n. 统治，控制统治，控制 , , 掌握掌握 in control of in control of指导；支配指导；支配He
27、 was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。他负责这辆小汽车。under the control ofunder the control of 被被控制着控制着( go ) out of control ( go ) out of control 失控失控q 他的钱是由他他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。妻子掌管的。q 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。His money is under the control of his wife.His money is under the control of his wife.The car went out of
28、control and hit the wall. The car went out of control and hit the wall. 2021/8/6307control v& n抑制，克制；控制；掌管抑制，克制；控制；掌管He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.(回回归课归课本本P2)要点导航要点导航be/get under control在在控制下控制下be/get out of control失去控制，不能操失去控制，不能操纵纵lose control of sth.失去失去对对的控制的控制t
29、ake control of sth.管理，管管理，管辖辖；控制；控制beyond control无法控制无法控制have (no) control over/of.(不不)能控制能控制2021/8/6317.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习并完成相关的练习)8.absorb v. 吸收吸收(液体液体);承受承受;承担承担 (费用等费用等
30、)Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水吸干撒的墨水We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心专心看书看书2021/8/632absorbinto吸收吸收The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大
31、公司逐渐将这这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。些小的公司吞并了。2021/8/6337. absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；使专心吸引；吸收；使专心【语境强化】【语境强化】（1）Black clothing absorbs light.（2）The task absorbed all his energies.【常用搭配】【常用搭配】be absorbed in absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.be absorbed into 被吞并到2021/8/6347absorb vt. 吸收吸收
32、(液体、气体液体、气体)；耗费；承受，；耗费；承受，承担；吸引，使专心；理解承担；吸引，使专心；理解提示：提示：absorb 是及物是及物动词动词，因此后面必，因此后面必须须跟跟宾宾语语，其，其宾语宾语可以是可以是sth.或或sb.，也可以是反身代，也可以是反身代词词oneself。absorbability n可吸收性可吸收性absorbable adj.易被吸收的易被吸收的absorbing adj.吸引人的吸引人的be absorbed by 被被吞并；吞并；为为所吸收所吸收be absorbed in 全神全神贯贯注在注在；一心从事，；一心从事，热热衷于衷于absorb sbs att
33、ention 吸引某人注意吸引某人注意2021/8/6358. severe = serious = serious 严厉的，严格的严厉的，严格的 = very harmful = very harmful 剧烈的剧烈的 be severe with = be strict with be severe with = be strict with 对对要求严格要求严格His severe looks frightened me.His severe looks frightened me. 他的严厉表情使我恐慌。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。He has a severe pain in his le
34、g.He has a severe pain in his leg. 他的脚痛得厉害。他的脚痛得厉害。q 他对自己要求很严格。他对自己要求很严格。 He is very severe with himself. He is very severe with himself. 2021/8/6368severe adj.(人、纪律)严厉的，严格的；(疼痛)剧烈的be severe with 对要求严格be strict with 对要求严格be severe on/upon 对很严厉severe looks 严肃的神色a severe wound 重伤a severe winter 严冬2021
35、/8/6379. valuable 9. valuable a a. . 贵重的，重要的，有用的贵重的，重要的，有用的be valuable to sb.be valuable to sb. 对某人有价值对某人有价值be valuable for sth.be valuable for sth. 对对有用有用value value n n. . 价值价值valuable = of great value valuable = of great value q 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。q这本书对我的学习很有价值。这本书对我的学习很有价值。q 电脑对储存资料很有用。电脑
36、对储存资料很有用。He provided us with valuable information.He provided us with valuable information. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies.Computer is valuable for
37、storing information.Computer is valuable for storing information.2021/8/63811. handle11. handlen. n. 把手，把手， 柄柄v.v. 操作，操作， 处理，管理，处理，管理， 拿拿the handle of the doorthe handle of the doorhandle the businesshandle the businesshandle an argument handle an argument handle the food handle the food 门的把手门的把手管理业
38、务管理业务处理一场争论处理一场争论拿食物拿食物2021/8/639要点导航instruction n教授；指导；用法说明(书)，操作指南(常用复数)instructive adj.说明性的，指示性的；有教育意义的instructor n辅导员，讲师be instructed to do sth.被指示做某事instruct sb.in sth.在某方面指导某人instruct后接that从句时，从句中的动词形式用shoulddo形式，should可以省略。2021/8/64012instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb. to do 命令某人做某事instruct sb.
39、 in sth.在某方面指导某人instruct sb. how to do 指导某人如何做某事提示：instruct意为“命令”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，should可省略；instruction意为“说明书；用法指南”时，在句中常以复数形式出现。2021/8/641要点导航(1)contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to为作出贡献；把时间投入；有助于；导致(2)contribution n捐献物；贡献；捐款；稿件make a contribution to对作出贡献contribution to对的贡献(3)contributor n撰稿
40、人；捐助人；促成物2021/8/6426cure vt.治愈，治疗；n.疗法，治疗药cure sb. of 治好(病、恶习等)a cure for 治疗的方法remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 告诉某人某事convince sb. of sth.说服某人某事2021/8/64315cautiouscautious作形容词，意为“谨慎的；非常小心的；细心的”，其后常用介词about/with/of。辨析：careful/cautiouscareful的意思是“小心；仔细的；谨慎的”，表示很注意细节，行为小心以避免错误。cautious的意思是“十
41、分小心的；谨慎的”，意义相近，但它表示的是所有方面都仔细考虑之后才采取行为，带有迟疑、提防等心理。2021/8/64416reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制n.被拒绝或抛弃的人或物reject a gift/a possibility/an opinion/a suggestion拒绝接受一件礼物/一种可能性/一条意见/一项建议reject a request 拒绝请求reject ones idealist view 去掉唯心的观点rejects from an officers training course军官培训课程不合格者2021/8/645二、帮你解疑二、帮你解疑1Imme
42、diately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.约翰约翰斯诺马上叫宽街上斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。就用不成了。immediately adv.立刻，立刻，马马上；直接地；上；直接地；紧紧接接地地conj.一一就就He lay down and was asleep immediately.他躺下，很快就睡着了。他
43、躺下，很快就睡着了。2021/8/646提示：“一就”的几种表达形式：the minute/moment/instant.onv.ing/n.as soon ashardly/scarcely.when.no sooner.than.directlyI recognized her the minute I saw her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。2021/8/647知识拓展The young teacher infected the whole class with her enthusiasm.这位年轻的老师以她的热忱感染了全班。2021/8/648知识拓展 2021/8/6494spi
44、n1) v.(1)(sth.)(round/around)(使)快速旋转The revolving sign was spinning round and round in the wind.旋转的标志牌在风中打着旋儿。(2)(round/around) (使)急转身，猛转回头，急转弯She spun round to catch the ball.她飞快地转身接球。2021/8/650(3)(A into B)|(B from A)纺(线)，纺(纱) She spins goats hair into wool.She spins wool from goats hair.她把山羊毛纺成毛线
45、。(4)驾车飞驰，疾驰He spun the wheel of his bicycle.他骑着自行车疾弛。(5)(蚕、蜘蛛等)吐(丝)；作(茧)；结(网)The spider was spinning a web.蜘蛛在结网。2021/8/6515enthusiastic adj.(about sth.)|(about doing sth.)热情的，热心的，热烈的，满腔热忱的Although too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighbourhood affairs.虽因年老不能多操劳，但这
46、个退休工人对社区工作非常热心。She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。2021/8/652知识拓展1)be enthusiastic about sth. 对某事很热衷，热爱Hes always been enthusiastic about sports.他一直对运动很热衷。 2)be crazy/nuts about sb./sth.对某人很迷恋；对某事很热衷，很狂热Hes crazy/nuts about basketball.他热爱篮球。3)enthusiasm n. 热心，热情，狂热enthus
47、iast n. 热衷于的人，爱好者enthusiastically adv. 热情地，热烈地2021/8/653So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he wasready to begin his enquiry.因此，在因此，在 1854 年伦敦再次爆发霍乱年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，约翰时，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。9enquiry n.点拨点拨(1)意为意为“询问询问”时，后常与时，后常与 about 连用。如：连用。如：I have been making some enquiries about it.我一
48、直在打听这件事情。我一直在打听这件事情。(2)意为意为“调查；研究调查；研究”时，常与时，常与 into 连用。如：连用。如：We should call for a public enquiry into the case.我们应该要求公开我们应该要求公开调查这个案件。调查这个案件。2021/8/6546suspect vt.怀疑；不信任怀疑；不信任n嫌疑犯；可疑对象嫌疑犯；可疑对象suspect sth.怀怀疑某事疑某事suspect thatclause怀怀疑疑suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀怀疑某人有某种罪行或做疑某人有某种罪行或做过过某事某事suspect sb. to be.猜想某人是猜想某人是2021/8/655
