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1、Chapter 8 Risk and Responsibility, Insurance, Force MajeureClause 17-19Ariskissomethingthatmayhappenandifitdoes,willhaveanadverseimpactontheproject.？A few points here:A few points here:“thatmayhappen”impliesaprobabilityoflessthan100%,alsohaveaprobabilitysomethingabove0%.“willhaveanadverseimpact”,ifi
2、twillnothaveanadverseimpact,itisnotarisk.(ifithasaprobabilityof100%,itisanissue;itmustbeachancetohappenoritisnotarisk.)uncertaintyn8.1 Risk and ResponsibilityRisk MatrixRiskIndemnities17.1TheContractorshallindemnifyandholdharmless the Employer, the EmployersPersonnel, and their respective agents,aga
3、inst and from all claims, damages,lossesandexpensesinrespectof:(a)bodily injury, sickness, disease or death,ofanypersonwhatsoeverarisingoutoforin the course of or by reason of theContractorsdesign,theexecutionand(b)damagetoorlossofanyproperty,realorpersonal(otherthantheWorks)by reason of the Contrac
4、tors design (if any), the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects attributable to any negligence, wilful act or breach of the Contract by Real:propertyconsistingoflandorbuildings.Personal:allofsomeonespropertyexceptland.Indemnities17.1TheEmployershallindemnifyandholdha
5、rmlesstheContractor,theContractors Personnel, and theirrespective agents, against andfrom all claims, damages, lossesandexpenses(1)bodilyinjury,sickness,diseaseordeath,whichisattributabletoanynegligence,wilfulactorbreachoftheContractbytheEmployer(2)themattersforwhichliabilitymaybeexcludedfrominsuran
6、cecoverTheContractorshallindemnifyandholdtheEmployer harmless against and from allclaims, damages, losses and expenses, soshalltheEmployerdo.ThecontractorshalltakefullresponsibilityforthecareoftheWorksandGoodsIf any loss or damage happens to the works, goods or contractors documents during the perio
7、d when the contractor is responsible for their care, from any cause not listed in 17.3, the contractor shall rectify the loss or damage at the contractors risk and cost, so that the works, goods and contractors documents conform with the mencement datetaking-over certificate is issuedcontractors car
8、e of the works17.2(a) war, hostilities (whether war be declared or not), invasion, act of foreign enemies,(b) rebellion, terrorism, revolution, insurrection, military or usurped power, or civil war, within the Country,(c) riot, commotion or disorder within the Country by persons other than the Contr
9、actors Personnel and other employees of the Contractor and Subcontractors,(d) munitions of war, explosive materials, ionising radiation or contamination by radio-activity, within the Country, except as may be attributable to the Contractors use of such munitions, explosives, radiation or radio-activ
10、ity,EmployersRisks17.3(e) pressure waves caused by aircraft or other aerial devices traveling at sonic or supersonic speeds,(f) use or occupation by the Employer of any part of the Permanent Works, except as may be specified in the Contract,(g) design of any part of the Works by the Employers Person
11、nel or by others for whom the Employer is responsible, and(h) any operation of the forces of nature which is Unforeseeable or against which an experienced contractor could not reasonably have been expected to have taken adequate preventative precautions. insurance is a form of risk management primar
12、ilyused to hedge against the risk of an uncertain loss.Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of theriskofaloss,fromoneentitytoanother,inexchangeforpayment.Auto insurance Home insurance Health insuranceBuilders risk insurancen8.2 Insuranceinsuring party:投保人，应投保方投保人，应投保方insurer:保险人，承保人保险人，承保人
13、insured:被保人被保人policy/insurance policy:保单保单cover:保额，保险赔偿保额，保险赔偿premium:保险费保险费GeneralRequirementsforInsurances18.1Wherever the Contractor is the insuring Party:EachinsuranceshallbeeffectedwithinsurersandintermsapprovedbytheEmployer.ThesetermsshallbeconsistentwithanytermsagreedbybothPartiesbeforethedat
14、eoftheLetterofAcceptance.ThisagreementoftermsshalltakeprecedenceovertheprovisionsofthisClause.Wherever the Employer is the insuring PartyEachinsuranceshallbeeffectedwithinsurersandinterms consistent with the details annexed to theParticularConditions.The relevant insuring Party shall, within the res
15、pective periods stated in the Appendix to Tender (calculated from the Commencement Date), submit to the other Party:(a) evidence that the insurances described in this Clause have been effected, and (b) copies of the policies for the insurances described in Sub-Clause 18.2 and Sub-Clause 18.3When eac
16、h premium is paid, the insuring Party shall submit evidence of payment to the other Party. the insuring Party shall also give notice to the Engineer.Theinsuring partyshallinsuretheworks,plant,materialsandcontractorsdocumentsfornotlessthanthefullreinstatementcostincludingthecostsof demolition, remova
17、l of debris and professionalfeesand profit. This insurance shall be effective from the date by which the evidence is to be submitted under sub-paragraph (a) of Sub-Clause 18.1, until the date of issue of the Taking-Over Certificate for the Works.Reinstate:restore(something)totheirformerstatedemoliti
18、on:pullorknockdownabuildingdebris:scatteredpiecesofrubbishorremainsinsurefor:为为 保险，保险金额保险，保险金额InsuranceforWorksandContractorsEquipment18.2The insuring Party shall maintain this insurance to provide cover until the date of issue of the Performance Certificate, for loss or damage for which the Contrac
19、tor is liable arising from a cause occurring prior to the issue of the Taking-Over Certificate, and for loss or damage caused by the Contractor in the course of any other operations (including those under Clause 11 (Defects Liability).provide cover for：为为提供保险提供保险Unless otherwise stated in the Partic
20、ular Conditions, insurances under this Sub-Clause:(a) shall be effected and maintained by the Contractor as insuring Party The insuring party shall insure against each partys liability for any loss, damage, death or bodily injury which may occur to any physical property or to any person, which may a
21、rise out of the contractors performance of the contract and occurring before the issue of the performance certificate.InsuranceagainstInjurytoPersonsandDamagetoProperty18.3Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions, the insurances specified in this Sub-Clause:(a) shall be effected and main
22、tained by the Contractor as insuring Party, The contractor shall effect and maintain insurance against liability for claims, damages, losses and expenses arising from injury, sickness, disease or death of any person employed by the contractor or any other of the contractors personnel.The Employer an
23、d the Engineer shall also be indemnified under the policy of insurance, except that this insurance may exclude losses and claims to the extent that they arise from any act or neglect of the Employer or of the Employers Personnel.InsuranceforContractorsPersonnel18.4nMeansanexceptionaleventorcircumsta
24、nce:a)Which is beyond a Partys controlb)Whichsuchpartycouldnotreasonablyhaveprovidedagainstbeforeenteringintothecontractc)Which,havingarisen,suchpartycouldnotreasonablyhaveavoidedorovercomed)Whichisnotsubstantiallyattributabletotheotherpartyn8.3 Force MajeureDefinitionofForceMajeure19.1Force majeure
25、 may include, but is not limited toa)War,hostilities,invasion,actofforeignenemiesb)Rebellion,terrorism,revolution,insurrection,militaryorusurpedpower,orcivilwarc)Riot,commotion,disorder,strikeorlockoutbypersonsotherthanthecontractorspersonneld)Munitionsofwar,explosivematerials,ionisingradiationorcon
26、taminationbyradio-activitye)Naturalcatastrophessuchasearthquake,hurricane,typhoonorvolcanicactivityDefinitionDefinitionForceMajeureisacommonclauseincontractsthatessentiallyfreesbothpartiesfromliabilityorobligationwhenanextraordinaryeventorcircumstancebeyondthecontrolofthepartiespreventsoneorbothpart
27、iesfromfulfillingtheirobligationsunderthecontract. It meansunforeseeable,unavoidableandinsurmountableobjectiveconditionsForinstance:Anaturaldisaster:flood;earthquakeSocialissue:war,strike,riotGovernmentissue:governmentsanction,blockageForce MajeureForce majeurepreventsoneorbothpartiesfromfulfillingt
28、heirobligationsunderthecontractForce majeureisnotintendedtoexcusenegligenceorothermalfeasanceofaparty,aswherenon-performanceiscausedbytheusualandnaturalconsequencesofexternalforces.For example,astrikemightpreventtimelydeliveryof goods, but not timely payment for the portiondelivered.Similarly,awides
29、preadpoweroutagewouldnotbeaforce majeureexcuseifthecontractrequiresthe provision of backup power or other contingencyplansforcontinuity.n Notice of Force Majeure19.2If a Party is or will be prevented, then it shall give notice to the other Party of the event or circumstances and shall specify the ob
30、ligations, the performance of which is or will be prevented. The notice shall be given within 14 days after the Party became aware, or should have become aware, of the relevant event or circumstance constituting Force Majeure.n Duty to Minimise Delay19.3EachPartyshallatalltimesuseallreasonableendeav
31、orstominimiseanydelayintheperformanceoftheContractasaresultofForceMajeure.Consequences of Force Majeure19.4If the Contractor is prevented from performing any of his obligations under the Contract by Force Majeure of which notice has been given under Sub-Clause 19.2 Notice of Force Majeure, and suffe
32、rs delay and/or incurs Cost by reason of such Force Majeure, the Contractor shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1Contractors Claims to:(a) an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 Extension of Time for Completion, and(b) if the event o
33、r circumstance is of the kind described in sub-paragraphs (i) to (iv) of Sub-Clause 19.1 Definition of Force Majeure and, in the case of sub- paragraphs (ii) to (iv), occurs in the Country, payment of any such Cost.Consequences of Force MajeureConsequences of Force MajeureDelay and incurs costExtension of timeForce Majeurpayment
