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1、专题六专题六 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 高三英语二轮复习高三英语二轮复习1.高考考查的八种动词时态是：一般现在是；一般过去时；现在进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；过去将来时。2.容易混淆的三组动词时态是：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般过去时和过去完成时；过去完成时和现在完成时。3.各种时态及情态动词的被动语态。考纲解读考纲解读一般体进行体完成体完成进行体被动语态2008107917200918511172010951088201113612262012168515合计6631471333命题规律命题规律五年高考有关冠词考点分布表突破方法突破方法1. 学习时态和语态，不能脱离实
2、际运用的语境。要留心以英语为母语在实际生活中如何使用各种时态和语态。2. 建立时态的时、体概念（“时”即现在时等，“体”即一般体等。3.解题思路：事情是什么时候的事情或情况 动作处于什么状态，是完成还是未完成。 动词与主语的关系，是主动还是被动命题趋势命题趋势 2013 2013年对于动词时态和语态的考查仍可能是高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。高考语法专题高考语法专题高考语法专题高考语法专题-时态时态时态时态1.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers_theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhea
3、lth.(2010上海）A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad2.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords.（2010北京）A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedroppedBA一般现在时用法总结一般现在时用法总结1.表现在习惯性，反复性发生的动作2.客观事实，普遍真理3.按时刻表发生的动作(具有将来含义)（come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start，takeoff,open,close)4.时间，条件，
4、让步状语从句中，主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在（主将从现）3.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026_offat18:20.(2006四川）A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken4.Childrenwontputonweightsoeasilyifthey_toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.werepersuadedC.willbepersuadedD.arepersuadedAD1.Thechurchtowerwhichwillbeopentotouristssoon.The
5、workisalmostfinished.（2010上海）A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored2.-Imnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.-Butourfriendsforus.（2010北京）A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting3.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane_.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff.DDB4.You
6、cantcountonhersomuch.Shealways_something.A.forgetsB.isforgettingC.forgotD.hasforgottenB现在进行时总结现在进行时总结1.表示动作未完成性，暂时性2.表说话人说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段进行的动作3.表感情色彩（与always,forever,constantly,continually搭配)4.按计划要发生的事（具有将来含意）1.Uptonow,theprogram_thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.（2010山东）A.wouldsaveB.savesC
7、.hadsavedD.hassaved2-Imsorry,butIdontquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?-Sorry,Imyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.（2010北京）A.hadntmadeB.wouldntmakeC.dontmakeD.haventmade.DD3.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitonthemarketin1973.（2010重庆）A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.c
8、omes4.-_leaveattheendofthismonth.-Idontthinkyoushoulddothatuntil_anotherjob.(2006北京）A.Imgoingto;youdfoundB.Imgoingto;youvefoundC.Ill;youllfindD.Ill;youdfindCB5.Myfriend,who_ontheInternationalOlympicCommitteeallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved改错：1.Hehasjoinedthear
9、myfor5years.2.HehascometoBJsincelastyear.D现在完成时总结现在完成时总结1.一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（有可能持续下去）2.过去发生或已发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果3.在时间，条件和让步状从的从句中，代替将来完成时4.时间状语：lately;recently;inthepast/last+一段时间；uptonow;sofarItisthefirsttimethat；bynow;sinceItis/hasbeen+一段时段+since+一般过去Itwas/hadbeen+一段时间+since+过去完成5. 瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语联用（
10、come,go,getto,arrive,leave,buy,sell,open,close,join,takepartin,finish,end,marry,borrow,lend,die)1.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey_forme.（2010北京）A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing2.-Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?-NO,I_thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory（2010安徽）A.wasreadingB
11、.hadreadC.amreadingD.havereadAB3.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeoneit.Wasityou?（2010湖南）A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo4.Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.she_before.(2006广东A.hasntflownB.didntflyC.hadntflownD.wasntflying5.Hardly_Ihadafewproblemstodealwith.AhaveIarrivedwhen
12、B.didIarrivethanC.hadIarrivedwhenD.hadIarrivedthan BCC6.I_tohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthatmoment.A.havemeantB.meantC.wasmeantD.hadmeantD过去完成时总结过去完成时总结1.一件事情发生在过去，另一件事情先于它2.表过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划3.时间状语：by+过去时间；before+过去时间untilthen;bythetime+句子4.句型：Itwas/hadbeen+一段时间+since+过完Hardly/scarcely+过完+when+一般过去noso
13、oner+过完+than+一般过去Itwasthefirsttimethat+过完1.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe.（2010安徽）A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusyD.willbebusy2.Sorry,Iblockingyourway.（2010全国II）A.didntrealizeB.dontrealizeC.haventrealizedD.wasntrealizing3.Thiscoastalareaanationalwildlifereservelastyear.（2010湖南）A.wasnamedB.namedC.
14、isnamedD.names AAA4.I_inLondonformanyyears,butIveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.(2006重庆）A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived5.Youlooktired._atalllastnight?-No,notreally.Imtirednow.A.DoyousleepB.DidyousleepC.wereyousleepingD.HadyousleptAB6.Shesaidshewouldgivemeagiftwhenshe_again.A.
15、wouldcomeB.wascomingC.cameD.comes7.Ivegottogonow.-Mustyou?I_youcouldstayfordinnerwithus.A.thinkB.thoughtC.havethoughtD.amthinkingCB一般过去时总结一般过去时总结1.表过去的事情，动作或状态（与表过去的时间状语联用）2.强调过去的动作，现在已“不再这样”。3.在时间，条件，让步状从中，主句为过去将来时，从句为一般过去1.Weonthisprojectforfourhours.Letshavearest.（2010天津）A.areworkingB.havebeenwor
16、kingC.workedD.hadworked2.why,Jack,youlooksotired!-Well,I_thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.（2010江苏）A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepaintedD.havebeenpainting3.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseIalotlately.（2010陕西）A.havebeencoughingB.hadcoughedC.coughedD.coughBDA4.-wevespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.-well,i
17、tisntsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_aroundallthetime.（2010安徽）A.arecomingB.hadcomeC.werecomingD.havebeencomingD现在完成进行时总结现在完成进行时总结表一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。1.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.(2006湖南)A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld2.Whenhe_t
18、hedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009湖南）A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopenAD3.Annisinhospital.-Oh!Really?I_know.I_goandvisither.(2009江苏）A.didnt;amgoingtoB.dont;wouldC.dont;willD.didnt;willD一般将来时与过去将来时总结一般将来时与过去将来时总结六种形式及意义1.will/would+v.2.begoingtodo3.bedoing4.betodo5.beabouttodo6.一般现在表将来现在进
19、行表将来现在进行表将来1.Guesswhat,wevegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.Hownice!Youadifferentculturethen.（2010福建）A.willbeexperiencingB.haveexperiencedC.havebeenexperiencingD.willhaveexperienced2.Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you_freshwatermeloninthefall.（2010浙江）A.eatB.wouldeatC.haveeatenD.
20、willbeeatingAD3.Danielsfamily_theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.A.areenjoyingB.aretoenjoyC.willenjoyD.willbeenjoyingD动词时态动词时态 主动语态与被动语态：主动语态与被动语态：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)与被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。(一)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzh
21、ou.TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.Cottonisgrownbythefarmerseveryyear. 动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：1、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，lookedplayed2、结尾是e的动词加-d，livedused3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed，plannedtripped4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，study-studied，carry-carried不规则动词的过去分词要牢记写出下列动词的
22、过去式，过去分词：1、speak2、use3、make4、write5、grow6、plant7、produce8、ask9、plan10、send11、build12、invite (二)一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词1、Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.2、Itwasusedintheolddays.3、ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1，1949. (三)一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Theirweddingwillbeheldinthechurch.Anewhospitalwillbebu
23、iltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.（四）过去将来时的被动语态Would/should+be+doneBegoingtobe+doneTheyweretoldthattheresultwouldbeannouncedthenextweek.Anotherrailwayisgoingtobebuilt. 五)现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词Tomismendingmybikenow.MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverth
24、ere.TreesarebeingplantedovertherebythemImafraidIambeingfollowed (六)过去进行时的被动语态Was/were+being+doneWehadtotakeadetour.Theroadwasbeingrepaired.WhenIarrivedatthescene,thewoundedgirlwasbeingtakencareof. (七)现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatellite
25、shavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.(八)过去完成时的被动语态Hadbeen+doneAlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhentheyarrived. (九)含情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词（can/may/must/should）+be+及物动词过去分词1、Thisbikecanberepaired.2、Thetreemustbeputstraightinthehole.3、Theclassroomshouldbecleanedeveryday.4.Theenvironmentshouldbeimproved5.suchas
26、ituationcouldhavebeenchanged.6.Theyshouldnthavebeentoldabouttheplan. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.(English.)2、Peopleusewoodformakingtables.（wood.）3、ThemakecomputersintheUSA.（Computers）4、Theygrowrice
27、inSouthChina.（Rice） 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.不及物动词无被动语态Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell. 3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to例：makesomebodydosomethingsomebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomethings
28、omebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby. 4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Give,lend,offer,buy,sell,teach,tell,throwHegavemeabook.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherbough
29、tmeanewbike.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather. 5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecantlaughathim.Hecantbelaughatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.6.含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如：TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.Heleftthedooropen.Thedoorwarleftopenbyhi
30、m. （2）make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.help动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to.如：MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight. 7)有些词如want,need,require和be
31、worth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.8)谓语动词是以下时，无被动。happen,belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost（花费）breakout（爆发）appear,burstout(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agreewith（同意）. 被动语态结构与SVC(动词ed形式作表语)结构的区别被动语态表示动作，句子主语为动作的对象，SVC结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其中的过去分词
32、相当于形容词，be只有一般时态和完成时态。被动结构的时态一般要与相应的主动结构一致。下面把这两种结构作一比较：1、Thelibraryisusuallyclosedat6.图书馆通常六点关门。(被动语态)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了。(SVC结构)2、Thebridgewascompletedin1968.桥是1968年建成的。(被动语态)Thebridgeiscompleted.桥已修好。(SVC结构)3、Theglasswasbrokenbymysister.玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。(被动语态)Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯破了。(SVC结构) Get+done可以表被动，此结构较口语化ShegotmarriedlastweekThepatientgottreatedonceaweek.Hewassocarelessastogetrunoveryesterday.
