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1、Thewindisstrongenoughtomovetrees.Wewereadvisednottogooutside.Thereisnothingtobedone.Tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.Itsdifficulttobreatheandthedustmakesmeill.Thewindisstrongenoughtomovetrees.Wewereadvisednottogooutside.Thereisno
2、thingtobedone.Tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.Itsdifficulttobreatheandthedustmakesmeill.Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences?InfinitiveTodo不定式基本形式由“to+动词原形”构成, 没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式是非谓语的一种,则不可作谓语可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。不定式不定式，不定式不定式主动式主
3、动式被动式被动式一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式/完成进行式完成进行式/todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing动词不定式的时态和语态一览表动词不定式的时态和语态一览表Infinitive1.作主语作主语1)Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2)Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.2.作表语作表语1)Yourjobistowashdishes.2)AllIdidwastogivehimsomeadvi
4、ce.3.作宾语作宾语eg:Shepromisedtogivehimachance. 不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词后面应加必要的介词Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.whenintheUS,Irentedaroomtolivein.agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,dare,swear等动词后面均可直接跟不定式作宾语。等动词后面均可直接跟不定式作宾语。
5、 少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Thepoorstraydoghasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidntopentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.当句子中的主动词为当句子中的主动词为do时时,but,except,besides,otherthan后的动词不定式省去后的动词不定式省去to;cantbut,cantchoosebut,canthelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之之后省略后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.
6、2.Atthenewsshedidntsayanythingbuttocry.3.Hecantchoosebutdoit.4.Theresnothingtodoexcept/butwaittillitstopsraining.4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontopronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,pe
7、rmit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等动词可以接带等动词可以接带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等动词后常接等动词后常接tobe+adj./n.作宾补作宾补。eg:Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.C.how,where,when,what,whether等疑问等疑问词词+todo不定式作补语不定式作补语eg:Couldyoute
8、llmehowtorepairthemachine?eg:Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作宾补时等后跟不定式作宾补时,不加不加to,help后可加可不加。后可加可不加。eg:Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.eg:Havehimcomein,please.eg:Iheardhersaythatshedliketogototheconcert.5. 5. 作主语补足语作主语补足语eg:Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhisles
9、sons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语eg:Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.eg:Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.6.作后置定语作后置定语1)Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系主谓关系)2)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(动宾关系动宾关系)3)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系同位关系)7.作状语作状语,表示目的表示目的,原因原因,结果或条件结果或条件。eg:Icameh
10、eretoseeyou.eg:Wewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.eg:Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.eg:Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.目的目的原因原因结果结果条件条件注意注意:(1)作目的状语，作目的状语，to可用可用inorderto或或soasto代替（代替（soasto不能置于句首）。不能置于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconfe
11、rence.3.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.（2）作结果状语作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,且不且不定式前常有定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorpha
12、n.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.1.疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式的复合结构的复合结构1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.3.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.4.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构主语主语表语表语宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语2.带有逻辑主语的结构带有逻辑主语的结构1.It
13、skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.2.Itsimportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.3.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.省略省略to1.be+adj.(glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready)等形容等形容词后保留后保留“to”eg:Willyoujoinusinatalk?Yes,Illbegladto.2.在在love,like,mean,hope,advise,expect,want,persuade,refuse,w
14、ish,seem等等动词后保留后保留“to”eg:Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Yes,Idlove/liketo.eg:Youcanstudyanysubjectyouwantto.eg:Imeanttowriteyou,butIforgetto.3.在在have,need,ought,beable,begoing,used等等动词后保留后保留“to”eg:Ididntwanttogothere,butIhadto.eg:Weshoulddoeverythingthatweoughtto.4.在在ask,tell,advise,persuade,wish,permit,al
15、lowsb.todo结构中保留构中保留“to”eg:Donttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto.eg:Heinsistonriskinguntilhewaspersuadednotto.5.不定式的否定式后保留不定式的否定式后保留“to”eg:IsawhimridinghisbicycleintheparkandItoldhimnotto.6.不定式的完成式后一般保留不定式的完成式后一般保留“tohave”eg:Yououghttohavefinishedyourwork.IknowIoughttohave.7.usedtobe结构中的构中的be不
16、能省略不能省略eg:Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.1.prefern.(doing)ton.(doing)2.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.3.wouldratherdo4.wouldrather+句子（虚拟语气）句子（虚拟语气）5.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.todoadvise/allow/permit/forbid)doing固定词组和句型固定词组和句型1.Hetolduswhether_apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川四川)A.tohaveB.havin
17、gC.haveD.had2.Theplay_nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(2009安徽安徽)A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced3._,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(2009辽宁辽宁)A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner4.Thechildrenallturned_thefamousactressassheenteredthecl
18、assroom.(2009全国全国I)A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat5.Weareinvitedtoaparty_inourclubnextFriday.(2009山东山东)A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding6.Davidthreatened_hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海上海)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported7.WithFathersDayaroundthec
19、orner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_presentsformydad.(2010全国全国I)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought8.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_.(2010江西江西)A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered9.Wewereastonished_thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁辽宁)A.findingB.tofind
20、C.findD.tobefound10.Ihavealotofreadings_beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东山东)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted11.Hisfirstbook_nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陕西陕西)A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished12.Inmanypeoplesopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant
21、_.(2010四川四川)A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith13.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced_peoplesconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重庆重庆)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised14.Theability_anideaasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toex
22、pressD.tocover15.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity_bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.(2011浙江浙江)A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered16.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山东山东)A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told17.Birdssingingiswarningtoothe
23、rbirds_away.(2012北京北京)A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.Stay18.AsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasntallowed_intothesportsclub.(2012上海上海)A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone19.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_tothenewstudents.(2012江西江西)A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken20.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_lives,includingyourown.(2013北京北京)A.change B.changingC.changedD.tochange21._warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.(2013湖南湖南)A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay
