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1、第39讲阅读理解中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性和实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。做“阅读理解”题应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易
2、后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等
3、的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切含义。【例1】 (2016，武汉)Andrew Holleman，a 12yearold boy，loved playing in the open land near his ho
4、me.The land was wet and forested，and made a home for birds，other animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature.He had seen some redtailed hawks，red foxes，wood turtles and other animals.He also found special native flowers.Suddenly it was anno
5、unced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it.The plants would be removed，the animals would run away and most would probably die.Then the wet soil (土壤) would be covered with extra grounds.When he heard about the news，he was not happy.He was very worried that the land and wat
6、er would be polluted.Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area，and how the houses would affect (影响) the local environment.He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters.He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.Although
7、he was only 12 years old，he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older.Andrews teachers described him as gentle，shy and active.His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants， and the environment.Each day after school， Andrew went doortodoor，to ask the people to si
8、gn (签名)，who did not want the houses to be built.In only one month，he got the signatures of 250 people.In the end，the land remained a safe place for birds，animals and plants that belonged there.Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built，and thus help save the e
9、nvironment.1The passage is mainly about _.A250 people who signed to help AndrewBa brave boy who cared for the environmentCthe open land that suited animals and plantsDthe research of improving the environment解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了12岁的少年Andrew为了阻止动物的家园被毁而挨家挨户地动员人们签名请愿以保护当地环境的故事。答案：_B2The underlined
10、word “oppose” in the passage probably means _.Asupport BdislikeCdisagree Dprefer解析：词义猜测题。由第五段第一句“Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area，and how the houses would affect (影响) the local environment.”可知，Andrew经过调查发现计划建造的房屋对当地的环境破坏极大。由此可以推断出，“He also called on his neighbors
11、 to oppose the building of the houses.”的意思是“他还号召他的邻居们一起反对在此处建造房子”。因此，oppose的意思是“反对，不同意”，相当于disagree。答案：_C3Andrew was very worried because _.Athe animals would be killedBnew houses would be built on the open landCnot all the neighbors were going to signDthe local government made a right decision解析：推理
12、判断题。通读第三、四段可知，Andrew担心当地的土地和水会遭到污染，担心动植物会失去家园，大部分动物可能会死，这一切都是在户外的土地上建造房屋会带来的后果。答案：_B4According to the passage，Andrew _.Awas good at going doortodoorBgot in no touch with the reportersCusually acted like a person much olderDwas praised by his teachers and classmates解析：细节理解题。由第六段第二、三句“Andrews teachers
13、 described him as gentle，shy and active.His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants，and the environment.”可知，Andrew获得了老师和同学们的赞扬。答案：_D5We can infer (推测) that _.Athe land would remain as it used to beBthe open land would be built into a parkCthe neighbors would have to m
14、ove awayDAndrew would soon work for the government解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段“In the end，the land remained a safe place for birds，animals and plants that belonged there.”可知，最后这片土地仍旧是鸟儿、动植物安全的家园，即这片土地将会保持原貌。答案：_AWhile many young people were enjoying the summer vacation，Zach Bonner was working his hardest.Zach st
15、arted walking from Valrico，Florida，his hometown，on Christmas，2009.He reached Los Angeles nine months later in September，2010.He covered a total of 2，478 miles and raised $120，000 for kids in need.Along the way，Zach attended school online.His mother，brother and sister took turns to walk or drive toge
16、ther with him.Although he is very young，Zach has a long history of helping others.When a terrible storm hit town in 2004，Zach，when six，pulled a wagon (小推车) through his community and collected food for people in need.He has raised $400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then.It gives money
17、 to projects which help homeless children.In 2007，Zach began walking to support a childrens charity (慈善组织) in Tampa，Florida.He finished his journey 23 days later，280 miles away in Tallahassee.Then in the summer of 2009，he trekked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington，D.C.，in just two months.“As
18、 long as there are homeless kids，I will never stop walking for them.” Zach says.1What did Zach do during the summer vacation in 2010？_AHe stayed at home to look after his family.BHe travelled to his hometown with his family.CHe joined in a school activity with other kids.DHe walked to collect money
19、for kids in need.2We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Zach _Abegan to help people at a very early ageBmade money to pay for his educationCenjoyed playing around in his communityDworked very hard for his familyDA3At what age did Zach start walking to support a Tampa childrens charity？_AAt six. BAt nine.CAt eleven. DAt twelve.4The underlined word “trekked” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”A延伸 B挖掘C跋涉 D飞行5Which of the following best describes Zach？_AFriendly and shy. BSilly but lovely.CKind and helpful. DClever but lazy.BCC
