私立华联学院英语系

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1、私立华联学院英语系私立华联学院英语系英汉汉英翻译教程英汉汉英翻译教程 一、课程简介一、课程简介 二、第一章绪论二、第一章绪论 三、第二章翻译的过程三、第二章翻译的过程 四、第三章词汇的翻译四、第三章词汇的翻译 五、第四章词汇翻译的技巧（上）五、第四章词汇翻译的技巧（上） 六、第五章词汇翻译的技巧（下）六、第五章词汇翻译的技巧（下） 七、第六章句子翻译七、第六章句子翻译一、课程简介一、课程简介ATextbookofEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishTranslation目的：目的：帮助学生系统地掌握翻译基本知识帮助学生系统地掌握翻译基本知识与技巧，初步了解英汉两种

2、语言在语法、与技巧，初步了解英汉两种语言在语法、词汇及修辞等方面的异同，学会英汉互译词汇及修辞等方面的异同，学会英汉互译的基本技能，使学生能将英汉译成符合语的基本技能，使学生能将英汉译成符合语法规则法规则,语义准确，句子通顺，忠实于原语义准确，句子通顺，忠实于原文的文章。文的文章。一、课程简介一、课程简介ATextbookofEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishTranslation方方法法：以以英英汉汉比比较较为为主主。在在词词汇汇、句句子子、语语篇篇段段落落等等层层面面对对两两种种语语言言的的异异同同进进行行分分析析、比比较较，总总结结翻翻译译方方法法。通通过

3、过比比较较，帮帮助助学学生生领领悟悟与与翻翻译译方方法法有有关关的的道道理理，通通过过实实践践练练习习，掌握翻译的方法与技巧。掌握翻译的方法与技巧。一、课程简介一、课程简介ATextbookofEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishTranslation用用两两学学期期完完成成本本课课程程。以以英英汉汉翻翻译译教教程程为为主主，再再以以其其它它翻翻译译教教材材与与书书籍籍中中选选择择一一些些实实例例，辅辅导导学学生生在在实实践践中中学学习习，通通过过练练习习掌掌握握翻翻译译方法与技巧，通过实践提升翻译技能。方法与技巧，通过实践提升翻译技能。第一学期主要讲解第一章至第

4、六章第一学期主要讲解第一章至第六章第二学期完成第七章至十三章。第二学期完成第七章至十三章。 第一章：绪论第一章：绪论GeneralinEnglish.The knowledge and skill of translation:The knowledge and skill of translation: The The content content is is the the summary summary of of practice practice and and experience experience of of many many translators. translato

5、rs. The The examples examples are are their their highlights highlights in in their their works. works. Therefore, Therefore, we we are are benefited benefited from from their their experience experience and and works in the course.works in the course.Requirements:Requirements:1 1、Enlarge Vocabulary

6、Enlarge Vocabulary2 2、 Apply sentences accurately Apply sentences accuratelyKey points: The purposes and tasks in the Key points: The purposes and tasks in the Course of Translation Course of Translation第一章绪论第一章绪论GeneralinEnglish.Improve both languages in translation:.Improve both languages in trans

7、lation: i.e.i.e. Understanding the original language. Understanding the original language. Using the ability of the target language. Using the ability of the target language. Key points: The purposes and tasks in the Key points: The purposes and tasks in the Course of Translation Course of Translati

8、on第一章绪论第一章绪论GeneralinEnglish.Enhance .Enhance the the general general knowledge knowledge and and get get to to know know history, history, geography geography and and other other sciences. sciences. The The writer writer usually usually writes writes what what he he is is familiar familiar with, wi

9、th, however however , , the the translator translator has has to to put put something something strange strange to to him. him. As As a a result, result, he he must must learn learn it it while while translating, translating, he he can can accumulate accumulate the the experience experience and and

10、expand expand the the knowledge knowledge and and improve his translation skill at the same time.improve his translation skill at the same time. Key points: The purposes and tasks in the Key points: The purposes and tasks in the Course of Translation Course of Translation第二章第二章翻译的过程翻译的过程 Process in

11、TranslationProcess in Translation. . Comprehensive Comprehensive Reading Reading and and Analyzing Analyzing the the Original Original Language. Language. Communication between the writer and readers. Communication between the writer and readers. 第二章第二章翻译的过程翻译的过程 Process in TranslationProcess in Tra

12、nslation.Levels in translation:Levels in translation: textual leveltextual level referential levelreferential level cohesion levelcohesion level level of naturalnesslevel of naturalness. Correction:. Correction:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Denotative meaning:Denotativ

13、e meaning:Usually Usually the the dictionary dictionary shows shows the the denotative denotative meaning meaning of of the the words words and and usage usage of of how how to to make make up up sentences sentences with with the the word word in in definition. definition. There There is is no no ex

14、act exact equivalent equivalent word word or or usage usage in in Chinese Chinese and and English respectively.English respectively. key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and Engl

15、ish.第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Take“heavy” for example:Take“heavy” for example:a heavy meal a heavy meal 不容易消化的饭菜不容易消化的饭菜a heavy readinga heavy reading单调乏味的读物单调乏味的读物a heavy notea heavy note大量的选票大量的选票a heavy investora heavy investor巨额投资者巨额投资者a heavy thinkera heavy th

16、inker思想深沉的人思想深沉的人a heavy schedulea heavy schedule排得很排得很紧紧凑的日程表凑的日程表 key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation

17、 Other examples:Other examples:an open firean open fire明火明火an open questionan open question尚未解决的问题尚未解决的问题an open drainan open drain排水阴沟排水阴沟a man of an open minda man of an open mind虚怀若谷的人虚怀若谷的人an open portan open port不不冻冻港港 key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Co

18、mparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Other examples:Other examples:Run into debtRun into debt负债负债Run to seedRun to seed变得不修边幅变得不修边幅Run the streetsRun the streets流浪街头流浪街头Run for pre

19、sidencyRun for presidency竞选总统竞选总统 key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Examples in Chinese:Examples in C

20、hinese:打扮打扮dress updress up 打抱不平打抱不平 defend defend sbsb. against an injustice. against an injustice打官腔打官腔 speak in a bureaucratic tonespeak in a bureaucratic tone打官司打官司 go to courtgo to courtkey points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese

21、 and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Examples in Chinese:Examples in Chinese:开花开花 blossomblossom花领带花领带 bright-colored tiesbright-colored ties绣花鞋绣花鞋 embroidered shoesembroidered shoes花絮花絮 interesting sidelightsinte

22、resting sidelights老花眼老花眼 presbyopiapresbyopia花色花色 design and colordesign and colorkey points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabula

23、ry Translation Examples in Chinese:Examples in Chinese:开灯开灯 turn on the lightturn on the light开飞机开飞机 pilot an airplanepilot an airplane开机器开机器 operate a machineoperate a machine开办新企业开办新企业 establish a new enterpriseestablish a new enterprise开锁开锁 open a lockopen a lock开车开车 drive a cardrive a car开茶馆开茶馆

24、run a teahouserun a teahouse开开销销 pay expensespay expenses key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Connotati

25、ve Meaning:Connotative Meaning:Difference in Chinese and English:Difference in Chinese and English:Lotus flowerLotus flower出污泥而不染出污泥而不染ChrysanthemumChrysanthemum菊花高贵淡雅菊花高贵淡雅 ( (Death in English)Death in English) Yellow Yellow 与皇帝相关，黄袍与皇帝相关，黄袍 key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Differenc

26、e in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Affective meaning:Affective meaning:Dragon:Dragon: is in unique position in Chinese nationality is in unique position in Chi

27、nese nationality connected with emperors. connected with emperors.But there is no such meaning in English.But there is no such meaning in English.It sometimes means It sometimes means “evilevil”.The word propaganda is neutral or even commendatory ,The word propaganda is neutral or even commendatory

28、,but is connected with Nazi.but is connected with Nazi.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation reflective m

29、eaning:reflective meaning:Avoid such words as lock, intercourse, ejection inAvoid such words as lock, intercourse, ejection inconversation with foreigners.conversation with foreigners.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and En

30、glish:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation collective meaning:collective meaning:Pretty: Pretty: 修饰女性，清秀之美修饰女性，清秀之美Handsome:Handsome:修饰男性，阳刚之美修饰男性，阳刚之美key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in Vocabulary. C

31、omparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translatione.g:e.g: 椅子、桌子、儿子、书柜椅子、桌子、儿子、书柜贵姓、姓张，姓李、欧阳贵姓、姓张，姓李、欧阳关联词：因为、所以关联词：因为、所以 不但、而且不但、而且美不胜收：美不胜收：magnificentmagnificent万里无云：万里无云：cloudlesscloudless高

32、耸入云：高耸入云：toweringowering腰缠万贯腰缠万贯:very richvery rich引人入胜引人入胜: : interestinginteresting天生丽质：天生丽质：beautifulbeautiful地大物博地大物博:a vast country with rich natural resourcesa vast country with rich natural resources为善最乐为善最乐:virtue is its own rewardvirtue is its own rewardkey points: Difference in Vocabularyk

33、ey points: Difference in VocabularyIIIISymmetry in Chinese and completions in English:Symmetry in Chinese and completions in English: There are two syllabic words or phrases in Chinese: There are two syllabic words or phrases in Chinese:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Wh

34、ile While it it is is emphasized emphasized the the completeness completeness English English regardless of one, two three or more syllables.regardless of one, two three or more syllables. Be Be sure sure to to select select two two or or four four syllabic syllabic words words while while putting p

35、utting English English into into Chinese, Chinese, and and pay pay attention attention to to completeness from Chinese into Epleteness from Chinese into English.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIIIISymmetry in Chinese and completions in English:Symmetry in Chin

36、ese and completions in English: There are two syllabic words or phrases in Chinese: There are two syllabic words or phrases in Chinese:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation Sentence practice:Sentence practice:1 1、21002100万台湾同胞都是中国人，都是骨肉同胞，手足情深。万台湾同胞都是中国人，都是骨肉同胞，手足情深。 The The 2

37、1 21 million million compatriots compatriots in in Taiwan Taiwan are are all all Chinese Chinese and and our our own own flesh and blood.flesh and blood.2 2、古古往往今今来来，人人类类的的一一切切智智慧慧结结晶晶，数数百百年年来来，人人们们津津津津乐乐道道的的那那些些故故事事，我们都可以轻而易举地从书本中得到。我们都可以轻而易举地从书本中得到。 All All the the wisdom wisdom of of the the ages

38、 ages ,all ,all the the stories stories they they have have delighted delighted mankind mankind for for centuries centuries ,are ,are easily easily and and cheaply cheaply available available to to all all of of us within the lovers of books.us within the lovers of books.3 3、Are you not sorry for wh

39、at you have done?Are you not sorry for what you have done?难道你对所作所为不后悔？难道你对所作所为不后悔？4 4、He He once once again again imparted imparted to to us us his his great great knowledge, knowledge, experience experience and and wisdom.wisdom. 我们再次领略他那广博知识，丰富经验，无穷智慧。我们再次领略他那广博知识，丰富经验，无穷智慧。 key points: Difference

40、 in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIIIISymmetry in Chinese and completions in English:Symmetry in Chinese and completions in English: There are two syllabic words or phrases in Chinese: There are two syllabic words or phrases in Chinese:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary

41、 Translatione.g.e.g. Use Use confide confide ,confidently, ,confidently, confident, confident, and and confidence to translate confidence to translate 你相信他诚实吗？你相信他诚实吗？A.A.Can you confide in his honesty?Can you confide in his honesty?B.B.Do you have confidence in his honesty?Do you have confidence in

42、 his honesty?C.C.Are you confident of his honesty?Are you confident of his honesty?D.D.Are you sure of his honesty confidently?Are you sure of his honesty confidently? key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIII.FormsandTranslationinVocabulary:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabula

43、ry TranslationVocabulary Translatione.g.e.g. Similar examples are as follows: Similar examples are as follows:他以笔为生。他以笔为生。A.A.He depends on his pen for living.He depends on his pen for living.B.B.He puts much dependence on his pen for living.He puts much dependence on his pen for living.C.C.He is de

44、pendent on his pen for living.He is dependent on his pen for living.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIII.FormsandTranslationinVocabulary:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translatione.g.e.g. Similar examples are as follows: Similar examples are a

45、s follows:此景之美非笔墨所能形容。此景之美非笔墨所能形容。A.A.Words can not describe the beauty of the scene.Words can not describe the beauty of the scene.B.B.The scenery is beautiful beyond description.The scenery is beautiful beyond description.C.C.There There is is some some excellent excellent descriptive descriptive

46、writing writing for for scenery in his novel.scenery in his novel.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIII.FormsandTranslationinVocabulary:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translatione.g.e.g. Similar examples are as follows: Similar examples are as

47、follows:A.A.Mr. White was confused with questions.Mr. White was confused with questions.B.B.Mr. White was in the confusion of question.Mr. White was in the confusion of question.C.C.Everything was in confusion.Everything was in confusion.D.D.It is important to remain calm in the confusion.It is impo

48、rtant to remain calm in the confusion.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIII.FormsandTranslationinVocabulary:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation TakeTake“creditcredit”for example from English in Chinese:for example from English in Chinese

49、:1 1He got all the credit for the discovery.He got all the credit for the discovery.他由于这项发现而获得各种荣誉。他由于这项发现而获得各种荣誉。2.2.He is a man of the highest credit.He is a man of the highest credit.他德高望重。他德高望重。3. 3. I hope you will be a credit to your school.I hope you will be a credit to your school.我希望你将来为学校增

50、光。我希望你将来为学校增光。4.4.Its Its dishonest dishonest to to take take credit credit for for work work that that was was done done by others.by others.拿别人的工作以谋个人的荣誉是不诚实的。拿别人的工作以谋个人的荣誉是不诚实的。5.5.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade.他们的生意信誉已荡然无存。他们的生意信誉已荡然无

51、存。key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIV.Understandwordscorrectly:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation TakeTake“creditcredit”for example from English in Chinese:for example from English in Chinese:6.Do you give credit to his story of what h

52、appened.6.Do you give credit to his story of what happened.你相信他对于事实经过的叙述吗？你相信他对于事实经过的叙述吗？7.7.The rumor is gaining credit.The rumor is gaining credit.谣言已渐为人所相信。谣言已渐为人所相信。8.8.It is unwise to place too much credit in hearsay.It is unwise to place too much credit in hearsay.过分相信过分相信道听途说是不明智的。道听途说是不明智的。9

53、.9.How much do you have to your credit?How much do you have to your credit?你的银行户头还有多少存款你的银行户头还有多少存款?10.10.They sold grain on credit during time of famine.They sold grain on credit during time of famine. 饥饿季节他们则赊销粮食。饥饿季节他们则赊销粮食。key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyI

54、V.Understandwordscorrectly:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation “便宜便宜”from Chinese into English:from Chinese into English:1.We do not sell cheap quality goods.1.We do not sell cheap quality goods. 我们不销售低质价廉物品。我们不销售低质价廉物品。2.2.我们已按很低的价格向你方报盘。我们已按很低的价格向你方报盘。 We have made you an

55、offer at a very competitive price.We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.3.3.请报体温表最低价。请报体温表最低价。 Please Please make make us us your your lowest lowest quotation quotation for for clinical clinical thermometer.thermometer.4.4.我们报价已是最低价，折扣不能再给了。我们报价已是最低价，折扣不能再给了。 As As we we have have qu

56、oted quoted you you our our rock-bottom rock-bottom price,we price,we cannot cannot give you any more discount.give you any more discount.key points: Difference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIV.Understandwordscorrectly:第三章第三章词汇的翻译词汇的翻译Vocabulary TranslationVocabulary Translation “

57、便宜便宜”from Chinese into English.from Chinese into English.5 5他们买了一套很便宜的房子。他们买了一套很便宜的房子。 They bought a house at bargain price.They bought a house at bargain price.6.6.对我们的业务建议如有兴趣请寄样品并告最惠条款。对我们的业务建议如有兴趣请寄样品并告最惠条款。 If If you you are are interested interested in in our our business business proposal,ple

58、ase proposal,please send us the samples with your best terms and conditions.send us the samples with your best terms and conditions.7.7.你们会看见我们这批货物的价格是很便宜的。你们会看见我们这批货物的价格是很便宜的。 You will find our price for the goods very competitive.You will find our price for the goods very competitive.key points: D

59、ifference in Vocabularykey points: Difference in VocabularyIV.Understandwordscorrectly:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I) Direct transplantDirect transplant E-mail, WTO, NMD, NBA, MBA, E-mail, WTO, NMD, NBA, MBA, GDP, CorelDraw, KTV, IQ, EQ GDP, CorelDraw, KTV, IQ, EQ Key

60、points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesI.Transplant:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I) Sound Interpretation:Sound Interpretation:1. Name of people 1. Name of people Marx, Lincoln, Churchill, Clinton, Haughton, Lu Marx, Lincoln, Churchill, Clinton, Ha

61、ughton, Lu XunXun, , BaBa Jin Jin 2. Name of city 2. Name of city New New York, York, London, London, Atlanta, Atlanta, Montreal, Montreal, Beijing, Beijing, Luoyang, Luoyang, HangzhouHangzhou 3. Trade Mark and New terms in science and technology3. Trade Mark and New terms in science and technology

62、Radar, Radar, Dink, Dink, logic, logic, coffee, coffee, geometry, geometry, Jinhua, Jinhua, Meiling, Meiling, Mahjong, Kowtow, KungfuMahjong, Kowtow, Kungfu 4. Others4. Others Iron Iron lady, lady, snow snow white white , , Cinderella Cinderella ,the ,the Gulf Gulf of of Mexico Mexico , , Mount Moun

63、t Tai Tai , , Nike Nike , , Goldlion Goldlion , , Colgate Colgate , , Canon Canon , , Lucky Lucky , , stone , shark , ballet , waltz , bowling .stone , shark , ballet , waltz , bowling .Key points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesI.Transplant:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）Skillof

64、TranslationinVocabulary(I)Article:Article:e.g.e.g.1. 1. The The train train moved moved away away so so slowly slowly that that butterflies butterflies flew flew in in and and out the window.out the window. 火车开得缓慢，蝴蝶从窗口飞进又飞出。火车开得缓慢，蝴蝶从窗口飞进又飞出。2. 2. 现在一定是天亮了，因为鸟儿在唱歌。现在一定是天亮了，因为鸟儿在唱歌。 It must be morni

65、ng now, because the birds are singing.It must be morning now, because the birds are singing.3. 3. 他是黎明时候从医院里逃出来的，因为他又碰上那个逼他下车的人了。他是黎明时候从医院里逃出来的，因为他又碰上那个逼他下车的人了。 He He had had escaped escaped from from the the hospital hospital at at dawn, dawn, because because the the man man whod whod frightened fr

66、ightened him him into into getting getting off off the the bus bus had had shown shown up up again.again.Key points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesII.Additionanddeduction:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I)Pronoun:Pronoun:1. 1. I I shall shall take t

67、ake it it as as axiomatic axiomatic that that mankind mankind has has by by that that time, chosen the latter alternative.time, chosen the latter alternative. 不消说，那时人类将会选择后者。不消说，那时人类将会选择后者。2. 2. 她懒洋洋地站起来，估量丈夫不会再回来了。她懒洋洋地站起来，估量丈夫不会再回来了。 Lazily Lazily she she rose. rose. Her Her husband husband probab

68、ly probably would would not not come come home, she supposed.home, she supposed.Key points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesII.Additionanddeduction:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I)Preposition:Preposition:e.g.e.g.1. 1. She She was was one one of of m

69、y my colleagues colleagues at at the the university university at at which which I I taught.taught. 她是我任教的那所大学的同事。她是我任教的那所大学的同事。2. 2. 这个鲁莽无礼、没完没了，真让我生气。这个鲁莽无礼、没完没了，真让我生气。 I I got got positively positively angry angry with with the the impertinence impertinence of of it it and and the the everlasting

70、ness.everlastingness.3. 3. 他已经把这事忘得一干二净。他已经把这事忘得一干二净。 He has forgotten all about it.He has forgotten all about it.Key points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesII.Additionanddeduction:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I)Auxiliary word and other: Auxiliary

71、 word and other: 1. Now how many men do you figure to have sent here?1. Now how many men do you figure to have sent here? 不过你打算请多少人来呢？不过你打算请多少人来呢？2. 2. 毕竟，还有什么能比快乐更令人羡慕呢？毕竟，还有什么能比快乐更令人羡慕呢？ After all, what is more enviable than happiness?After all, what is more enviable than happiness?3. Even if you

72、go there, there wont be any result.3. Even if you go there, there wont be any result. 去也不会有什么结果，或去也白去。去也不会有什么结果，或去也白去。Key points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesII.Additionanddeduction:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I)Demand in word definition, modi

73、fication: Demand in word definition, modification: e.g.e.g.1. I want to be a man, and a man I am.1. I want to be a man, and a man I am. 我立志做一个真正的人，我现在终于成了一个真正的人。我立志做一个真正的人，我现在终于成了一个真正的人。2.2.只有雨在刷刷、刷刷地下着。只有雨在刷刷、刷刷地下着。 Only the rain continued to pour. (Only the rain continued to pour. (减词法减词法) )3. 3.

74、When he was accused of the theft, he turned red.When he was accused of the theft, he turned red. 当有人指控他犯有盗窃罪时，他脸色涨得通红。当有人指控他犯有盗窃罪时，他脸色涨得通红。4.4.Quiet Quiet and and shy, shy, he he was was never never more more comfortable comfortable than than when when at at his his work bench. work bench. 他生性沉静而腼腆，

75、只有坐在工作凳上时他才最为自在。他生性沉静而腼腆，只有坐在工作凳上时他才最为自在。Key points: skills and approachesKey points: skills and approachesII.Additionanddeduction:第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）第四章：词汇翻译的技巧（上）SkillofTranslationinVocabulary(I)Demand in word definition, modification:Demand in word definition, modification:e.g.e.g.5. 5. 那我们谈谈文艺问题吧。那我们

76、谈谈文艺问题吧。 Shall we talk about literature and arts?Shall we talk about literature and arts?6. 6. 他的家里很穷，但是他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。他的家里很穷，但是他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。 His His family family was was poor, poor, but but he he worked worked hard hard at at his his studying studying even even in early childhood.in early childhoo

77、d.7. 7. 她她忽忽然然觉觉得得心心头头一一紧紧，不不知知怎怎么么的的就就哭哭了了起起来来，那那是是快快乐乐的的泪泪水水，满满足的泪水。足的泪水。 She She suddenly suddenly felt felt her her heart heart tighten, tighten, and and began began to to cry, cry, there there were tears of joy and of satisfaction.were tears of joy and of satisfaction.Key points: skills and app

78、roachesKey points: skills and approachesII.Additionanddeduction:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest. 1.His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest. 他因受贿而被捕。他因受贿而被捕。2.2.伊朗扣押美国人质的行动加剧了国耻的痛苦。伊朗扣押美国人质的行动加剧了国耻的痛苦。The The seizure seizur

79、e of of American American hostages hostages in in Iran Iran sharpened sharpened the the pain pain of national humiliation.of national humiliation.3.They 3.They will will need need plenty plenty of of persuading persuading for for many many of of them them have have been badly hurt.been badly hurt. 还

80、需要做大量的劝说工作，因为许多投资者已受到很大的创伤。还需要做大量的劝说工作，因为许多投资者已受到很大的创伤。4.4.It tastes too much of garlic. It tastes too much of garlic. 这东西，大蒜的味道太重这东西，大蒜的味道太重。5.5.At At the the turn turn of of a a switch switch .we .we can can see see what what are are taking taking place place a a mile away.mile away.一打开开关，我们就可以看见一

81、英里处发生的事情。一打开开关，我们就可以看见一英里处发生的事情。Key point: conversationKey point: conversationI.NounandVerb:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.She seemed too ignorant of the ways of the world .1.She seemed too ignorant of the ways of the world . 她好像太不懂世道常情了。她好像太不懂世道常情了。2.2.他陷入沉思，坐在一边一言不

82、发。他陷入沉思，坐在一边一言不发。He sat pensive and silent.He sat pensive and silent.3.With the passing of days , I became more and more homesick3.With the passing of days , I became more and more homesick and more and more respectful of my old home. and more and more respectful of my old home. 我越来越思念我的故乡，也越来越尊重我的故

83、乡。我越来越思念我的故乡，也越来越尊重我的故乡。4.4.The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed.The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed. 老人躺在床上，彻夜未眠。老人躺在床上，彻夜未眠。Key point: conversation.Key point: conversation.II.AdjectiveandVerb:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.1.次日早晨次日早晨, ,谈话结束你就会去

84、查查词典。谈话结束你就会去查查词典。 So So the the next next morning, morning, the the conversation conversation over, over, one one looked looked it up.it up.2.2.三天后三天后, ,病人又起床活动了病人又起床活动了。 Three days later , the patient was up and about again.Three days later , the patient was up and about again.Key point: conversat

85、ion.Key point: conversation.IIIAdverbandVerb:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.Life would not go on without plants.1.Life would not go on without plants. 没有植物，生命就无法延续。没有植物，生命就无法延续。2.2.她英语说得很棒，带着美国腔，却并不十分夸张。她英语说得很棒，带着美国腔，却并不十分夸张。She spoke English well with an American ac

86、cent, not though She spoke English well with an American accent, not though a very exaggerated one. a very exaggerated one.3.I was at the shop early.3.I was at the shop early.我早早来到店里。我早早来到店里。4.4.China China has has been been through through a a wrenching wrenching series series of of changes changes

87、 and and experiments.experiments.中国经历了一系艰苦的变革和试验。中国经历了一系艰苦的变革和试验。5.5.The shaft turns about its axis. The shaft turns about its axis. 轴围绕自己的轴线转动。轴围绕自己的轴线转动。Key point: conversation.Key point: conversation.IVPrepositionandVerb：第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.He looked at

88、 me in amazement.1.He looked at me in amazement. 他惊讶地望着我。他惊讶地望着我。2.2.我决定把这个班分成了组轮流给他们上课。我决定把这个班分成了组轮流给他们上课。I I decided decided to to split split the the class class into into three three groups groups and and teach them in turn.teach them in turn. Key point: conversationKey point: conversationVprepo

89、sitionandadverb：第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.There is no immediate hurry. 1.There is no immediate hurry. 这件事不着急。这件事不着急。2.2.他的言行证明他是诚实的。他的言行证明他是诚实的。 His words and deeds testify to his honesty.His words and deeds testify to his honesty.3.For the life of her smile ,th

90、e warmth of her voice only cold3.For the life of her smile ,the warmth of her voice only cold paper and dead words. paper and dead words. 没有了她活泼的笑容，没有了她温暖的声音，只有冷的纸和死的字。没有了她活泼的笑容，没有了她温暖的声音，只有冷的纸和死的字。Key point: conversation.Key point: conversation.VI.Nounandadjective:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）Skilloftrans

91、lationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.He talked to the foreigner in hesitant English. 1.He talked to the foreigner in hesitant English. 他结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交流。他结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交流。2.2.Traditionally, there have been very good relation between the twoTraditionally, there have been very good relation between the two cou

92、ntries. countries. 两国之间有着传统的友好关系。两国之间有着传统的友好关系。3.3.我记起这件事情我记起这件事情,不无感激地笑笑。不无感激地笑笑。 I remembered this not without some grateful laughter.I remembered this not without some grateful laughter. 4.4.这种水泵的主要特点是操作方便。这种水泵的主要特点是操作方便。 This pump is chiefly characterized by its simple operation.This pump is chi

93、efly characterized by its simple operation.Key point: conversationKey point: conversationVII.AdverbandAdjective:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.1.我们快到家了，马上就到了。我们快到家了，马上就到了。We are almost home ,well be there in on time .We are almost home ,well be there in on time .2.He

94、 has not much faith ,”No” the old man said “But we have ,Havent2.He has not much faith ,”No” the old man said “But we have ,Havent we ?” we ?”他没有多大信心，他没有多大信心，“是的是的”，老人说。，老人说。“可我们有，是不是？可我们有，是不是？3.3.I stayed at home last night. I stayed at home last night. 昨夜我没出去。昨夜我没出去。4.4.展出的新产品不下于展出的新产品不下于200200种。种

95、。There are as many as 200 new products on show.There are as many as 200 new products on show.Key point: conversation.Key point: conversation.VIII.Inversion:第五章词汇的技巧（下）第五章词汇的技巧（下）SkilloftranslationVocabulary(II)e.g.e.g.1.It is an important catalyst to the cause of our liberation.1.It is an important

96、catalyst to the cause of our liberation.这是促时我国解放事业的重要因素。这是促时我国解放事业的重要因素。2.2.In China they “made mistakes”,suffered by them ,acknowledged and studiedIn China they “made mistakes”,suffered by them ,acknowledged and studied them,thus planned victory. them,thus planned victory.在中国，他们在中国，他们“犯过错误犯过错误”吃过错误

97、的苦头，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利吃过错误的苦头，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利计划。计划。 3.3.修身在正其意。修身在正其意。 The key to self- cultivation is to take ones mind just. The key to self- cultivation is to take ones mind just. 4.The study had a Spartan look. 4.The study had a Spartan look. 这间书房有一种简朴的景象。这间书房有一种简朴的景象。 5.5.This man is the black

98、 sheep of the family. This man is the black sheep of the family. 这个人是家庭中的害群之马。这个人是家庭中的害群之马。 6 6. .我们是一个萝卜一个坑，腾不出人手来。我们是一个萝卜一个坑，腾不出人手来。 We are so busy that no one can be spared for any other work.We are so busy that no one can be spared for any other work.Key point: conversationKey point: conversatio

99、n.DivisionandExplanation:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g.1.I dont believe that he should have done such thing. 1.I dont believe that he should have done such thing. 他会干这种事，我不相信。他会干这种事，我不相信。2.2.Thank you for your help yesterday. Thank you for your help yesterday. 昨天的事，多亏你帮忙。昨天的事，多亏你帮忙。3.3.他曾

100、喜欢户外运动，醉心于用自己的体力与大自然较量。他曾喜欢户外运动，醉心于用自己的体力与大自然较量。 He had enjoyed being outdoors and had reveled in pitting his strengthHe had enjoyed being outdoors and had reveled in pitting his strength against the force of nature. against the force of nature.4.Mr. White is working for a PHD degree at Zhongshan Un

101、iversity. 4.Mr. White is working for a PHD degree at Zhongshan University. 怀特先生在中大攻读博士学位。怀特先生在中大攻读博士学位。 key points: Comparison in Structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in Structure of Chinese and English I.SubjectisobviousinEnglishSub+PreTopicisstressedinChineseTopic+Descriptions第六

102、章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g.5.5.只有犹太人受过一些医学教育，他们是在阿拉伯学会的。只有犹太人受过一些医学教育，他们是在阿拉伯学会的。 The The only only men men with with any any medical medical education education were were the the Jews,they Jews,they studies studies in in Arabia.Arabia.6.Standing armies did not then exist.6.Standing armi

103、es did not then exist. 那时，还没有常备军。那时，还没有常备军。7.7.凡是能想到办法我都试了。凡是能想到办法我都试了。 I tried everything I could think of .I tried everything I could think of .8.8.他办事专心，在我认识的人当中很少有人能比得上。他办事专心，在我认识的人当中很少有人能比得上。 Few people I know of were as devoted as him.Few people I know of were as devoted as him. key points: Co

104、mparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English I.SubjectisobviousinEnglishSub+PreTopicisstressedinChineseTopic+Descriptions第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g.1.They were defeated by themselves ,rather than by their enemies. 1.They were d

105、efeated by themselves ,rather than by their enemies. 与其败于敌人，不如说败于自己。与其败于敌人，不如说败于自己。2.2.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death .Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death . 有些老年人因怕死而感到心情沉重。有些老年人因怕死而感到心情沉重。3.3.这个项目将于下月完成。这个项目将于下月完成。 The project will be completed next month.The proj

106、ect will be completed next month. 4.Smoking is known to be harmful to our health .4.Smoking is known to be harmful to our health .大家知道，吸烟有害健康。大家知道，吸烟有害健康。key points: Comparison in Structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in Structure of Chinese and English II.PassiveVoice:第六章句子翻译第六章句子

107、翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g.1.Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的班干部吃简陋的饮食住寒冷的房洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。党的班干部吃简陋的饮食住寒冷的房洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。2. He admires the Presidents state decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示致佩。他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示致佩。3. Rockets have

108、found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。火箭已经用来探索宇宙。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English .DynamicandStatic:ThedescriptionisdynamicinChinesewithshortsentence,whileitisstaticinEnglishwithlongsente

109、nce.第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g.4. A glance through the window offers a view of the West Lake. 从房间窗口可以用一眼看到西湖。从房间窗口可以用一眼看到西湖。5. Naturally, the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours. 当然，纳粹士兵们对救他们自己的命，比救我们的命要关心多了。当然，纳粹士兵们对救他们自己的命，比救我们的命要关心多了。k

110、ey points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English .DynamicandStatic:ThedescriptionisdynamicinChinesewithshortsentence,whileitisstaticinEnglishwithlongsentence.第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g.1. The trouble with the digital r

111、evolution is that computers may have speeded up many of the processes of modern life, but they still remain relatively difficult to use. 数字革命给我们带来一些烦恼，计算机一方面可能是加快了现代生活中许多数字革命给我们带来一些烦恼，计算机一方面可能是加快了现代生活中许多方面的进程，但另一方面，相对来说，仍然很难使用。方面的进程，但另一方面，相对来说，仍然很难使用。2. The president said at a press conference domin

112、ated by questions and yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the house. 在这次记者招待会上，问题集中在昨天的选举结果，总统就此发言，他说他在这次记者招待会上，问题集中在昨天的选举结果，总统就此发言，他说他不能解释为什么共

113、和党遭到了这样惨重的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样惨重的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English .Longsentencesintoshortsentences:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslation 英语呈树式结构。虽然复杂。但主、谓、宾主干突出。找主干，将

114、修辞英语呈树式结构。虽然复杂。但主、谓、宾主干突出。找主干，将修辞成分暂置一边，接着分析修辞成分的结构，弄清主次关系。成分暂置一边，接着分析修辞成分的结构，弄清主次关系。 A world Bank report released at the time of the conference, which ended on 10, November, insists that Vietnams overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing.（按逻辑顺序翻译）按

115、逻辑顺序翻译） 在在11月月10日结束的会议上，披露了世界银行的一份报告。报告强调坚持认日结束的会议上，披露了世界银行的一份报告。报告强调坚持认为越南经济的全面增长更主要取决于其本国的政策，而不是外来资金的数为越南经济的全面增长更主要取决于其本国的政策，而不是外来资金的数额。额。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长句的处理英语长句的处理:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTrans

116、lation再从整体上理解全句，即从整体出发，深入到细节，再到整体。再从整体上理解全句，即从整体出发，深入到细节，再到整体。找出主干。找出主干。理清关系。理清关系。确定单元，各个击破。（小句是最佳转换单位）确定单元，各个击破。（小句是最佳转换单位）组成部分组成部分:(1) a world bank report.insists that(2) released at the time (3) which ended on the 10, November(4) Vietnams overall growth.其中其中(3)为非既定小句为非既定小句(1)又被又被(2)和和(3) 隔开隔开key

117、points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长句的处理英语长句的处理:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslation调整搭配，重新组合调整搭配，重新组合英语的叙述顺序是：会议披露了报告，再说明会议结束时间。英语的叙述顺序是：会议披露了报告，再说明会议结束时间。汉语的叙述顺序：会议举办或结束时间、披露的消息或报道。报道的具体内容汉语的叙述顺序：会议举办或结束时间、披露的消息或报道。报道的具体

118、内容应该按顺序。应该按顺序。3-2-14。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长句的处理英语长句的处理:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslation e.g.e.g. After regular intervals which depend partly upon the amount of traffic carried and partly upon the loca

119、l conditions, the so-called: “permanent way” requires replacement. 每隔一段时间后，所谓的每隔一段时间后，所谓的“永久性道路永久性道路”即电路轨道就需要更换。即电路轨道就需要更换。这段时间的长短，部分取决于运输量，部分取决于当地的条件。这段时间的长短，部分取决于运输量，部分取决于当地的条件。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长

120、句的处理英语长句的处理:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslationExercise: But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and until toward the end, who was drunk with power and success, he overr

121、eached himself- an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich . 然而，如果没有阿道夫然而，如果没有阿道夫希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫国。因为阿道夫希特勒有着恶魔般的性格，花岗石般的意志，不可思希特勒有着恶魔般的性格，花岗石般的意志，不可思议的本能，无情的冷酷，杰出的智力，深远的想像力以及对人和局势惊议的本能，无情的冷酷，杰出的智力，深远的想像

122、力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，人的判断力。这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙。终于弄巧成拙。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长句的处理英语长句的处理:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslation 按时间顺序：按时间顺序： In the last 25 of the many thousand

123、s of years which separate the discovery of gold alloy and silver alloy from the discovery of electrums, we have at last come to realize how much the properties of the former depend on the behavior of the latter. 从金银合金的发现到电子的发现，期间经历了几千年，直到最近从金银合金的发现到电子的发现，期间经历了几千年，直到最近的的25年，我们才终于认识到了前者的性能在多大程度上取决于后者的

124、年，我们才终于认识到了前者的性能在多大程度上取决于后者的作用。作用。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长句的处理英语长句的处理:第六章句子翻译第六章句子翻译SentenceTranslatione.g.e.g. If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and for

125、m, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Williams twenty-six years ago, she was still a forty-three, a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness. 如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力花儿般的魅

126、力,也失掉她脸也失掉她脸面和身段的那种玉洁冰清，苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色面和身段的那种玉洁冰清，苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色,26年年前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过威廉前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过威廉-那么在那么在43岁的今天，岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点斑驳，而灰蓝的她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点斑驳，而灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点饱满了。眼睛也已经有点饱满了。一个主句一个主句 “她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣”。一个状语从句，三个定语从句。一个状语从句，三个定语从句。key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English key points: Comparison in structure of Chinese and English 英语长句的处理英语长句的处理: