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1、TheingformastheSubjectandObjectGrammarVing的各种形式：（以动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例）为例） 时态时态语态语态主主 动动被被 动动一一 般般 式式完完 成成 式式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone否定式否定式 not doing在时间上表示一个在时间上表示一个正在进行正在进行或与谓语动词或与谓语动词同时同时发生或发生或存在的动作和状态存在的动作和状态一般式：一般式：完成式：完成式： 在时间上表示该动作在时间上表示该动作先于先于谓语动词的动作或状态谓语动词的动作或状态Excusemeformynotcomi
2、ngontime.Imsorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.The Use of the ing Form动名词动名词(the Gerund) 现在分词现在分词(the Present Participle) Ving 在句子中作在句子中作 主语、宾语、表语、主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语定语、补语、状语。Ving主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语_ _ _ _表语表语 定语定语补语补语状语状语注意：注意：1、动名词作主语表单数概念动名词作主语表单数概念,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数形式单数形式。Walkingaftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.
3、2、动名词的复合结构作主语动名词的复合结构作主语动名词的复合结构是指动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其、动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。逻辑上的谓语。Yourcomingmadeushappy.Yourfatherscookingisverygood.指出指出ing形式在下面句中的成分。形式在下面句中的成分。Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Themusici
4、sexciting.Weheardhersinginginherroom.Beingill,shewentbackhome.主语主语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjong,swimmingandreading.3.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.4.However,h
5、edoesntcareaboutbeingfamous.Readthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.subjectsubjectobjectobject一、动词一、动词ing形式作主语形式作主语1.表示表示经常的、习惯性的经常的、习惯性的动作或状态动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。谓语动词通常用单数。如：如：1）Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2）WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.1.3）GoingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16ho
6、urs.4）Askingawomansageisimpoliteinourcountry.动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. _ is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me3)说比做容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsSaying2.ing形式作主语时常后置形式
7、作主语时常后置,此时须用此时须用it作形式主语作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语。用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有常见的名词或名词短语有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等等;形容词有形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless,useful等等如如:Itsnousemakinganexcuseforthis.为这件事找借口是没有用的。为这件事找借口是没有用的。归纳归纳:常用常用ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做做是浪费时
8、间的是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做做是没用处的是没用处的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做做不值得不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做做是值得的是值得的Thereisnodoing.无法无法;不允许不允许Itsawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchauselessthing.谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。Itsdangerousswimmingintheseaonwindydays.有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。It
9、isworthwhilediscussingthequestion.这个问题值得讨论。这个问题值得讨论。1)做出努力是做出努力是值得的。得的。2)和夏洛克争和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。是没有什么用的。_withShylock3)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。_4)玩玩电子游子游戏是浪是浪费时间。Itsawasteoftime_.It is useless trying to argueIt is a pleasure working with youplaying computer games.Its worth making the effort3.在在thereb
10、eno.结构中作主语结构中作主语,这种结构的意思这种结构的意思相当于相当于“Itisimpossibletodo”。There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use /good (in)doing 做无用 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point (in) doing 做无意义There is/was no way doing 无法做-注意：注意：There is no need to do sth 干干没必要没必要 在此句式中在此句式中to do 不
11、可换为不可换为doingHereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.Thereisnopointindoingso.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。无法知道他什么时候离开无法知道他什么时候离开那样做毫无意义。那样做毫无意义。【注意】【注意】动名词作主语动名词作主语与与不定式作主语不定式作主语的区别：的区别：动词动词ing形式作主语表示泛指的行为，不定式形式作主语表示泛指的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。语时的情况也是如此。Pla
12、ying with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。玩火危险。 (泛指泛指)Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作指一具体动作)二、动名词用作宾语二、动名词用作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。动名词作宾语有两种情况。1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有常见的有avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,enjoy，deny(否定否定),dislike,delay(延期延期),escape(逃避逃避),excuse,ke
13、ep,finish,fancy(梦想梦想),suggest,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk(冒冒险险), 可接动名词作宾语的常见动词口诀：可接动名词作宾语的常见动词口诀：避免错过少延期避免错过少延期 (avoid, miss, postpone)建议完成多练习建议完成多练习 (advise, finish, practise)喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住 (enjoy, imagine, cant help)承认否定与嫉妒承认否定与嫉妒 (admit, deny, envy)逃避冒险莫原谅逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape, risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意
14、忍受保持不介意 (stand, keep, mind)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper?人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。Peoplecouldnthelplaughingfoolishmanneed，demand，want，require在表在表示示“需要需要”时，用时，用v.ing的主动形式表被动，的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形
15、式。或用不定式的被动形式。 repairing.The car needs to be repaired.这辆汽车需要修理。这辆汽车需要修理。The sick woman required taking good care of / to be taken good care of.这位生病的妇女需要很好地照顾。这位生病的妇女需要很好地照顾。(2)英英语中有一些中有一些动词短短语也常跟也常跟v.ing形式作形式作宾语,如如:insiston(坚持持)，objectto(反反对)，begoodat，leadto，leaveoff(停止停止)，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto
16、，feellike(想要想要)，devoteto(把把奉献奉献给)，getusedto(习惯于于)，payattentionto，cannothelp(禁不住禁不住),cannotstand(受不了受不了)等。等。2.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。等。A.在在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，等动词之后，用用ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重只是
17、侧重点有些不同点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式不定式表示表示具体的一次性动作具体的一次性动作。B.在在begin/start,continue之后之后,用动名词和用动名词和不定式不定式,意义无甚区别意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的尤其是当主语是人的时候。时候。 C.在动词在动词forget,remember,regret之后之后,用用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词与不定式意义不同。ing表示动作已经发生表示动作已经发生, ,todo表示动作还没发生；表示动作还没发生；IrememberpostingtheletterIllremembertopostthelette
18、rIshallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriterDontforgettowritetoyourmotherIregretmissingthereportIregrettosayIcanttakeyouradviceD.意义各不相同意义各不相同trytodo(设法设法)meantodo(打算打算,有意要做有意要做)trydoing(试试试试)meandoing(意思是意思是,意味着意味着)beusedtodoing习惯于做某事习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事被用来做某事canthelpdoing禁不住做某事禁不住做某事canthelptodo不能帮助做某
19、事不能帮助做某事E.goondoing继续做一直在做的事继续做一直在做的事;goontodo接着做另一件事。接着做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事停止做某事stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。停下正在干的事去干另一件事。1.Hestopped_andhavearest.(smoke)2.Ioncetried_French.(learn)3.Thiswordmeans_outatonce.(set)4.Icanthelp_theroom,forIamtoobusy.(clean)5.Iamusedto_early.(get)6.WehavefinishedPart1.Letsgoo
20、n_P2.(Learn)to smoketo learnsettingto cleangetting upto learn3.作介词宾语作介词宾语动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A.介词介词+动名词动名词,如：如：我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Wevegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeopleshabits.我向你道歉我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。刚才对你那样生气。Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.离开几年之后再回到你的家乡离开几年之后再回到你的家乡,感觉有点怪。感觉有点怪。Af
21、terbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntothehometown.B.动词动词+介词介词+动名词动名词,如：如：我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthistrip同学们脸上没有笑容同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。相反都做了怪脸。Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcom
22、pany下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是介词都是介词,所以后面跟名词所以后面跟名词或或ing形式形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。等。1.Whatmadeyousoupset?_twoticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.LosingB.BecauseoflosingC.ToloseD.BecauseIhadlost2.Icantimagine_thatwiththem.A.doB.todoC.beingdoneD.doingA考考你考考
23、你D 3.Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost4._isforbiddeninsidethepark.A.TocycleB.WecycleC.AnyonecyclesD.CyclingBD5.Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.worki
24、ng;tostopD.towork;tostop6.Theoldladyneeds_.A.lookafterB.tolookafterC.lookingafter D.beinglookedafterCC1.Ifyoucankeep_(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised_(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_(tell)lies!4.Iwillneverforget_(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.Iforgot_(tell)herthenews
25、;sosheknewnothingaboutit.Complete these sentences:readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell1.出国旅行是很激动人心的出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.2.在这儿等是没用的在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧我们走吧。Itsnousewaitinghere.Letsgo.3.我记得在哪里见过他我记得在哪里见过他。Irememberseeinghersomewhere.Translation 4.我后悔没听你的劝告。我后悔没听你的劝告。Iregretnotfollo
26、wingyouradvice.5.帮助别人就是帮助你自己。帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.For more exercises, click here.高考链接1.(2005湖北卷湖北卷)_fromothercontinentsfor2.millionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsand3.animalsnotfoundinanyothercountryinthe4.world.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedB.C.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobes
27、eparated2.(2005全国卷全国卷III)Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.A.caused B.tohavecausedB.C.tocauseD.havingcausedCD3.(2005山东卷山东卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingB.C.toreachD.tobereachingBFormoreexercises,clickhere.Lets talk abou
28、t our friends! Remember to use Verb-ing as much as possible. ishis/herjobeveryday. He/She enjoysHe/Sheis interested inHe/She dreams ofHe/She hatesmakes him/herhappy/sad.He/She cares aboutWrite about a person you love or respect very much. Here is a sample for you.Changchangisasmartboy.Playingmodelca
29、rsishisfavourite.Andhealsolikesrunning.Itseemsplayingishisjobeveryday.Besides,heenjoystalkingsomuchthatitseemsthatheneverstopstalkinguntilhegoestosleep.Maybethatiswhyheisgoodattellingstories.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Itsnogood_(try)toremembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopracticewhatyouhavelearned.2
30、.2.Hisillnesscouldmeanhim_(miss)nextweeksgame.3.3.Wecanneverimagineher_(pass)theexam,forshehasneverreviewedthelessons.4.4.Thesuspect(嫌疑犯嫌疑犯)atlastadmitted_(steal)thenecklace.5.5.Istillremember_(take)toaconcertbyLiuDehuawhenIwasfive.tryingmissingpassingstealingbeingtaken1.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohours
31、tofinish_mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repairedA选择最佳答案。选择最佳答案。2.Haveyouforgotten_$1,000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember_ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringingA3.Theclassroomneeds_.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning4.Jacksaidthathewouldntmin
32、d_forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waitedDC5.Mybrotherkeeps_mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped6.Weshouldoftenpractise_Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speakingCD7.Keepon_andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.totryingD.trying8.Hisparentsinsiston_tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.h
33、imtogoDC9.Thestorywassofunnythatwe_.A.couldnthelplaughB.cantbutlaughC.couldnthelplaughingD.couldnthelpbuttolaughC10.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itisworth_.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit11.Hedevotedhislifeto_theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudiedBC12.Wearebothlookingforwardto
34、_nextweek.A.goingonvocationB.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocationA13.Youmustpayattentionto_theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread14.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watchingBD15.Themicroscopeisusedfor_minuteobjects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC
35、.examinedD.examine16.Mikehasgotused_uplateatnight.A.tositB.sitC.tosittingD.sittingAC17.Oncetheheartstops_,deathfollowsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating18.Wearenowbusy_fortheexamination.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingpreparedAB19.Iremembered_thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeing
36、B.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee20.Iregret_thattoher.Shemustbecryingnow.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.saidAA21.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid_others.A.beinginfectedB.infectingC.toinfectD.infected22.Yourclothesneed_.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashedBB23._providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养营
37、养),while_providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathedC24.Heattendedthepartywithout_.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited25.By_,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heatedDB26.Onlandmanyobjectspreventsound_veryfar.A.t
38、otravelB.travelC.fromtravellingD.totravelling27.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissedCC28.Remember_thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback29.Writingstoriesandarticles_whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereCA30
39、.Hewasafraid_forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseenB1.SummarizetherulesofvingformastheSubjectandObjectinyourownway.2.Finishtheexercisesof“Discoveringusefulstructures”onPage13.Homework3.Dosomeresearchonverbsfollowingthequestions:Whichverbsshouldbefollowedbyverbing form asobject?Whichverbsshouldbefollowedby“to do”?Whichverbscanbefollowedbybothforms?
