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1、2021/6/161E EB Bk k第六章第六章 光的偏振和晶体光学基光的偏振和晶体光学基础础2021/6/1626.3 6.3 偏振光的产生、转换和检验偏振光的产生、转换和检验WaveplatePolarizerPolarizer2021/6/1636.3.1 6.3.1 线偏振光的产生和检验线偏振光的产生和检验d2021/6/1641.1.线偏振光的产生线偏振光的产生2021/6/1652021/6/1662021/6/167（2 2）各种线偏器）各种线偏器2021/6/168When the reflected beam makes aright angle with the tran
2、smitted beam,and the polarization is parallel, then no scattering can occur, due to the scattered dipole emission pattern. But our right-angle assumption implies that q qi + q qt = 90. So: Thus, Brewsters Angle RevisitedA complex trigonometric calcu-lation reveals that the reflectioncoefficient for
3、parallel-polarizedlight goes to zero for Brewstersangle incidence, tan(qi) = nt / ninintqiqiqtqi +qt = 902021/6/169 折射式起偏器，玻璃堆折射式起偏器，玻璃堆2021/6/1610The Pile-of-Plates PolarizerAfter numerous Brewster-angle transmissions, mainly the parallel polarization remains.Unfortunately, only about 10% of the pe
4、rpendicular polarizationis reflected on each surface, so you need a big pile of plates!2021/6/1611Dielectric polarizersA multi-layer coating can also act as a polarizer.Glass2021/6/1612 二向色性起偏器二向色性起偏器, ,人造偏振片人造偏振片2021/6/1613Polarizer transmitting vertical polarizationThis polarizer transmits horizon
5、tal polarization (of which there is very little).2021/6/1614Wire Grid PolarizerThe light can excite electrons to move along the wires, which thenemit light that cancels the input light. This cannot happen perpen-dicular to the wires. Such polarizers work best in the IR.Polaroid sheet polarizers use
6、the same idea, but with long polymers.Input light contains both polarizations2021/6/1615Wire grid polarizer in the visibleUsing semiconductor fabrication techniques, a wire-grid polarizer was recently developed for the visible.The spacing is less than 1 micron.2021/6/1616 晶体线偏器晶体线偏器A .尼科尼科耳棱镜耳棱镜(Nic
7、ol)2021/6/1617The Nicol Polarizer uses two identical prismsof calcite and TIR off a layer of optical cement. Snells Law separates the beams at the entrance. The perpendicular polarization then goes from high index (1.66) to low (1.55) and undergoes total internal reflection, while the parallel polar
8、ization is transmitted near Brewsters angle.Combine two prisms of calcite (with parallel optical axes), glued together with Canada balsam cement (n = 1.55).2021/6/1618尼科耳棱镜的工作原理尼科耳棱镜的工作原理 2021/6/1619B .B .格兰格兰(Glan)(Glan)棱镜棱镜 思考题：格兰棱镜的反射光石什么偏振态？思考题：格兰棱镜的反射光石什么偏振态？2021/6/1620格兰棱镜产生线偏振光的原理格兰棱镜产生线偏振光的原
9、理 2021/6/1621Real PolarizersAir-spaced polarizers2021/6/1622渥拉斯顿渥拉斯顿(Wollaston)(Wollaston)棱镜棱镜(a)(a)和罗雄和罗雄(Rochon)(Rochon)棱镜棱镜(b)(b) 2021/6/1623Wollaston Polarizing Beam SplitterThe ordinary and extraordinary rays have different refractive indicesand so diverge.The Wollaston polarizing beam splitter
10、 uses two rotatedbirefringent prisms, but relies only on refraction.2021/6/1624渥拉斯顿棱镜的工作原理渥拉斯顿棱镜的工作原理2021/6/16252021/6/1626罗雄棱镜的工作原理2021/6/1627线偏振光检验线偏振光检验马吕斯马吕斯(Malus)(Malus)定律定律2021/6/16282021/6/1629(2) (2) 线偏振光的检验线偏振光的检验 2021/6/1630(3) (3) 半影式检偏器半影式检偏器2021/6/16312021/6/16322021/6/1633 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！
