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1、 定语从句高考考点例析定语从句高考考点例析The best way you can get The The Attributive Attributive ClauseClauseComplex sentence 复合句：复合句：由由连词连词连接两个或多个连接两个或多个主谓结构主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作，另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、（如主语、宾语、表语、定语定语、状语、同位语）。、状语、同位语）。复合句复合句 = =主句主句+定语
2、从句定语从句一个主谓结构是句子一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作只在句子中作某个成分（定语）某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主语主句主语从句主语从句主语从句谓语结构从句谓语结构主句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分。引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做定语从句还叫做嵌入句
3、嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语), whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where (地点状语地点状语)when (时间状语时间状语)why (原因状语原因状语)Attributive clau
4、se:限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 restrictive非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。I was the only
5、 person who was invited.in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennisyesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school. 注意：注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指，指人人时用时用who(主语主语),whom(宾语宾语)，
6、指，指物物时须用时须用which.考点一考点一: :如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词关系代词：做句子成分关系代词：做句子成分关系副词：不做句子成分关系副词：不做句子成分五大基本句型：五大基本句型：主主 谓谓(Vi)主主 谓谓(Vt) 宾宾主主 谓谓(Vt) 宾宾 宾宾主主 谓谓 (Vt) 宾宾 宾补宾补主主 系系 表表考点一考点一: :如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词规律：缺成分，用关系代词；规律：缺成分，用关系代词； 不缺成分，用关系副词不缺成分，用关系副词that 人、物人、物 主、宾主、宾which 物物 主、宾主、宾who
7、 人人 主主whom 人人 宾宾whose 人、物人、物 定语定语where 地点（具体和抽象）地点（具体和抽象）job field situation case等等when 时间时间why 原因原因考点一考点一: :如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。 用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Ill never forget the day I joined the league.on which时间状语时间状语This is the hou
8、se I lived two years ago.where地点状语地点状语Do you know the reason she was late.for which原因状语原因状语关系副词关系副词在从句中做状语，在从句中做状语，此时相当于此时相当于“介词介词+which”。whenin whichwhy2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。考点一考点一: :如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词 Yes
9、terday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Second World War bro
10、ke out)._in whichwhenThe man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe
11、 window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that考点一考点一: :如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词口诀做主语，指物，用that，which做主语，指人，用that，who做宾语，指物，用that，who，不做宾语，指人，用that，whom，不考点二：考点二：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的
12、选择的选择 (1) (1) 只用只用 that that，不用不用whichwhich 当先行词为当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行
13、词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时修饰时： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.考点二：考点二：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.先行词
14、被先行词被the only, the very, the last the only, the very, the last 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定的先行词时，这个定语从句要用语从句要用thatthat而不用而不用who (whom)who (whom)和和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：He talked abo
15、ut the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that而不用而不用who, (whom)和和which引导。引导。考点二：考点二：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know thi
16、s?What that is on the table belongs to me? 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. WhichWhich可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句，可用于，可用于介词介词后，其后，其先行词可是一个词先行词可是一个词, ,也可是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible n
17、oise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 考点二：考点二：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择（2 2 2 2）只用）只用）只用）只用whichwhichwhichwhich的情况的情况的情况的情况 B B 考点三：考点三：
18、as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1. 位置上的区别：位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun . The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun . T
19、he earth turns around the sun , as is known to us all . The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young . 2.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.3.as代表前面主句意思时，
20、有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有没有此意思，从句中的动词常是此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone as no man ca
21、n lift.4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.5.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用结果，则用w
22、hich.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.
23、 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用用“数词数词/代词代词 + of + 关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. Th
24、ere are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考点四：
25、关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定关系副词关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. =
26、 This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定思考？思考？是否所有的介词是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe b
27、ook (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film
28、 (_I fell asleep) was very boring.结论：结论：只有当介词只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。时，才能用关系副词代替。五五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如： Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA. 六六. 保持主句的完整性并避免
29、从句成分的重叠保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：（1）Is this factory _ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _ we visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。扰项。第二题
30、主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选的宾语，故应选A项。项。Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉去掉)the one_to_whic
31、h5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is the one of the best films which have
32、 been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_As练习题练习题1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、which
33、D、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_lear
34、nt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA9、The man _ you are talking is in the next ro
35、om.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、which; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB12、I，_ y
36、ou good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D13、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD14、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC15、I dont like
37、 the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC17、There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC19、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA20、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB
