根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题的研究我们推荐以下一

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1、根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题的研究,根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题的研究,我们推荐以下一些解题方法或技巧:我们推荐以下一些解题方法或技巧:1.上下求索上下求索寻信息寻信息因为答案信息点有的在空格前,有的在空格因为答案信息点有的在空格前,有的在空格后,有的在前文和后文都有出现,需要综合后,有的在前文和后文都有出现,需要综合考虑或起相互印证的作用。有时,还要根据考虑或起相互印证的作用。有时,还要根据上、下文提供的信息,结合常识,适当的逻上、下文提供的信息,结合常识,适当的逻辑推理,才可得出正确答案。辑推理,才可得出正确答案。例例1 The school decided that when t

2、he driver opened both the front and back doors,27 who were getting off the bus should get off first,and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东广东)27.A.parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers28.A.sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier例例2One afternoon,I was out exploring.and saw a new

3、kind of cactus (仙仙人掌人掌).I crouched down for a closer look. “Youd better not 47that.” I turned around to see an old woman. “Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.” (湖南湖南) A. break B. pick C. pull D. touchtouch2.左顾右盼左顾右盼找搭配找搭配答题时

4、,眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上,一定要格所在的这一个句子上,一定要“左顾右盼左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意,常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系,常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系,这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。例例3On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.(20

5、09广东广东) A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged解析:解析:四个选项中,能与后面四个选项中,能与后面for搭配的,搭配的,只有只有mistook,即,即mistake A for B (将将A误以误以为为B),故选,故选C。for例例4Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who.(2009广东广东)A. establish B. f

6、orm C. develop D. promote解析:解析:根据动宾搭配,在四个选项中,能与根据动宾搭配,在四个选项中,能与名词名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖诺贝尔奖)搭配的,只搭配的,只有有establish(设立设立),即,即“设立诺贝尔奖设立诺贝尔奖”。用他的大部分钱去用他的大部分钱去“构成构成/开发开发/促进促进”诺贝诺贝尔奖,是讲不通的。尔奖,是讲不通的。3.思前想后思前想后通全文通全文有时,若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中有时,若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错,两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错,句子也通顺,但结合全文内容来理

7、解,就只句子也通顺,但结合全文内容来理解,就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此,选择答案时,有一个是最佳答案了。因此,选择答案时,一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境,一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境,而且要在全文中也讲得通,即贯通全文。而且要在全文中也讲得通,即贯通全文。例例5Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes

8、of peace,literature,and the sciences.(2009广东广东) A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions解析解析:若单独看空格处若单独看空格处,选项选项B、C、D都可以填都可以填,make great sacrifices作出巨大牺牲作出巨大牺牲,make great changes发生巨大变化发生巨大变化,make great contributions作出巨大贡献作出巨大贡献;从文章内容或常识来看从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业金应当是奖给那些

9、为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献作出过巨大贡献”的人的人,故只选故只选D。例例6Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药炸药).the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”

10、 .Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.(2009广东广东) A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular解析:解析:若单独看空前的若单独看空前的became,填四个选项都没,填四个选项都没有语法错误,但是由前文中的有语法错误,但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文和后文give the largest part of his money可知,可知,rich为最佳答案,故选为最佳答案,故选C。1.通读全文,理解大意通读全文,理解大意重视首句信息,

11、跳过空格,浏览全文,从重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,理解短文大意,这是解整体上感知全文,理解短文大意,这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要,万万不可忽题的基础。这一步非常重要,万万不可忽视。视。2.瞻前顾后,避难就易瞻前顾后,避难就易在理解短文大意的情况下,结合各选项的意在理解短文大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,特别是与前后词语的搭配,上下义和用法,特别是与前后词语的搭配,上下文的意义关系等,先解决那些自己有把握的文的意义关系等,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显中难以判

12、断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在的提示了,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3.复读全文,解决残敌复读全文,解决残敌借助已经补全的空格,我们已对全文有了更借助已经补全的空格,我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的个别难清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。题。4.再次复读,弥补疏漏再次复读,弥补疏漏全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己选择的答全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。1.词语同现词语同现某些语义相关联的词语在

13、语篇中共同出现的某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的可能性,叫词语同现,也有人称之为可能性,叫词语同现,也有人称之为“词场词场”。如。如catch 和和cold,ill 和和doctor,big 和和small等。等。 一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题,与此一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题,与此相关的词就可能会共同出现,以实现语篇衔接。相关的词就可能会共同出现,以实现语篇衔接。如如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文,是围绕把优生年广东高考完形填空的短文,是围绕把优生从普通班里分出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开从普通班里分出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开的,涉及这一主题的可能有的,涉及这一主题的

14、可能有“普通班普通班”“特殊班特殊班”“优生优生”“普通生普通生”,以及学校、老师、学习,以及学校、老师、学习等等,因此,等等,因此,special,gifted,intelligent,top,regular,average,school,classes,teachers,children,learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。会同时出现在语篇之中。 了解词语同现了解词语同现,对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。例例1 (2011广东广东)The argument has been on the belief tha

15、t in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the average children. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living解析:解析:与与classes,children,intellectual同现同现的单词,很可能是的单词,很可能是learning,故选故选C。classeschildrenintellectual例例2 (201

16、0广东广东)You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building.A. enter B. leave C. open D. close解析:解析:因有因有push(推推)就有就有pull(拉拉),有,有go out of(出去出去)就会有就会有enter(进入进入),这就是词语同,这就是词语同现,故选现,故选A。例例3 T(2009广东广东)o make sure that he w

17、as remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,.Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.A. book B. article C. will D. contract解析:解析:与与die (死死),arrange(安排后事安排后事)具有相具有相关性的词,即同时出现的词,应当是关性的词,即同时

18、出现的词,应当是 will (遗嘱遗嘱),故选,故选C。2.词语复现词语复现 词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇的句子通过复式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。现关系达到相互衔接的目的。 词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现、上下、同义或近义词复现、上下义词复现义词复现(即总括与分述,如即总括与分述,如animal 是是sheep,tiger,wolf等的上义词;等的上义词;rose 是是flower 的下义的

19、下义词词)等。等。 了解词语复现这种衔接手段,有助于快速准了解词语复现这种衔接手段,有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。确地解答完形填空题。例例4 (2011广东广东)It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. A. re

20、gular B. special C. small D. creative解析:解析:与前段第一句中与前段第一句中special classes的的special是原词复现,故选是原词复现,故选B。例例5 (2008广东广东)There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended 2

21、7.A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods解析:解析:因因methods与前文中的与前文中的ways同义词复同义词复现,故选现,故选D。例例6 (2011广东广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However,this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D

22、. interest解析:解析:因因concern (n.担心担心)与上文的与上文的concerned (adj.担心的担心的)是同源词复是同源词复 现或同根词复现,故选现或同根词复现,故选A。例例7 (2011广东广东)However,this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students,and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.A. stud

23、ents B. adults C. scholars D. teachers解析:解析:因因adults是上文是上文parents and teachers的的上义词上义词,即这是上下义词复现即这是上下义词复现,故选故选A。3.逻辑推断逻辑推断 根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案,根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案,逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。从五年来的广东高条件与结果的关系等。从五年来的广东高考完形填空题来看,最多的是利用因果关考完形填空题来看,最多的是利用

24、因果关系来推断正确答案。系来推断正确答案。例例8 (2011广东广东)In the regular class,having no worry about keeping up,they (intelligent children) began to reflect 9 on many problems,some of which were not on the school program. A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly解析:解析:因为因为having no worry about keeping up(因为不担心跟不上因

25、为不担心跟不上),所以,所以“自动地自动地(voluntarily)”考虑许多问题,因果推断,考虑许多问题,因果推断,选选C。(现在分词短语表示原因现在分词短语表示原因)例例9 (2011广东广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning.A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired解析:解析:由与之并列的由与之并列的lose interest,可知是,可知是become bored。也可这样理解,因为厌烦了,。也可这样理解,因为厌烦了,所以才

26、失去兴趣,故选所以才失去兴趣,故选B。(此处的此处的and表示表示结果,前面是原因结果,前面是原因)例例10 (2008广东广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievableC. unacceptable D. unrecognizable解析:解析:因因changed so much,结果父母,结果父母“认认不出来不出来”了,

27、故选了,故选D。(that 引导结果状语引导结果状语从句从句)例例11 (2009广东广东)Nobel was 24 to find out not that he had died,but that,when his time was up,he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.A. upset B. anxious C. excited D. pleased解析:解析:因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人,所以他感到死亡获取利润的人,所

28、以他感到“伤心难过伤心难过”,故选,故选A。(在表示情感变化的形容词后的在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因不定式表示原因)4.背景常识背景常识将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起来,进背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起来,进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上,行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上,该技巧与该技巧与“逻辑推断逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的,常常交织在一起的,因为虽有背景常识,仍需简单推理;逻辑因为虽有背景常识,仍需简单推理;逻辑推理离不开背景常识。推理离不开背景常识。例例12 (2010广东广东)In South

29、Korea,we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning,I hurried to the bus,and when the bus doors opened,I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly解析:解析:由前文可知,因在韩国不必等别人下了车由前文可知,因在韩国不必等别人下了车再上,作者当时是初来美国的韩国人,在韩国再上,作者当时是初来美国

30、的韩国人,在韩国土生土长,由常识可知,作者早已习惯不等别土生土长,由常识可知,作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车,所以看到校车将门打开后,人先下了再上车,所以看到校车将门打开后,就就“无意识地,不知不觉地无意识地,不知不觉地”上车了上车了,故选故选C。例例13 (2008广东广东).the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D

31、. contributions解析:解析:根据常识,奖金应当是颁发给那些根据常识,奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业作出过巨大为世界和平、文学和科学事业作出过巨大“贡献贡献”的人,故选的人,故选D,make contributions to.对对作出贡献。作出贡献。例例14 (2007广东广东)After doing a little research,I found this type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively 26 application called Fac

32、eCode.A. independent B. infrequentC. inexpensive D. instant解析:解析:根据常识,要得到某物就可能需要花根据常识,要得到某物就可能需要花钱,也就涉及贵还是便宜,故选钱,也就涉及贵还是便宜,故选C。例例15 (2010广东广东)All the students around looked at me,I was totally 30 ,and my face went red.A. embarrassed B. annoyedC. unsatisfied D. excited解析:解析:根据常识,周围所有的人都看着作根据常识,周围所有的人

33、都看着作者,作者一定会者,作者一定会“感到尴尬感到尴尬”,故选,故选A。5.前后搭配前后搭配 主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。广东高考完形填空中主要考句式搭配等。广东高考完形填空中主要考查动宾搭配。能不能搭配,除涉及词语的查动宾搭配。能不能搭配,除涉及词语的用法外,还需结合常识来判断。用法外,还需结合常识来判断。例例16 (2009广东广东)On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother fo

34、r him and. A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged解析:解析:根据动介搭配,能与后面的介词根据动介搭配,能与后面的介词for搭配的,只有搭配的,只有mistook,故选,故选C。(注:这类注:这类题是极少考查的,五年仅此一题题是极少考查的,五年仅此一题)例例17 (2009广东广东).Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes,.A. establish B. formC. develop D. pr

35、omote解析:解析:根据动宾搭配,应是根据动宾搭配,应是“设立诺贝尔奖设立诺贝尔奖”,即,即establish the Nobel prizes,故选,故选A。 当选项是表示文章的起承转当选项是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语时,就要合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语时,就要求我们正确判断上下文的逻辑关系,如递求我们正确判断上下文的逻辑关系,如递进关系、对比关系等,从而选择恰当的选进关系、对比关系等,从而选择恰当的选项。项。例例18You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; peop

36、le are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You arent a soldier. You arent 36 carrying a gun. Youre standing in front of.(湖北湖北)A. simply B. really C. merely D. even解析:解析:第第36空这句话与前句是递进关系,空这句话与前句是递进关系,“你不是士兵,你不是士兵,甚至连甚至连(even)枪也没有枪也没有”,故选,故选D。 以上五个技巧对提高完形填空的解题速度和以上五个技巧对提高完形填空的解

37、题速度和准确率非常有用,同学们务必领会掌握,并学会准确率非常有用,同学们务必领会掌握,并学会灵活动用。有的题既可以用这种技巧解答,又可灵活动用。有的题既可以用这种技巧解答,又可用那种技巧来解答,也有的可能要结合两种或多用那种技巧来解答,也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。种技巧才能解答。 但是,所有的方法或技巧都是建立在扎实的但是,所有的方法或技巧都是建立在扎实的基本功的基础之上的,如果词汇不过关,句子理基本功的基础之上的,如果词汇不过关,句子理不顺,语篇意义不理解,任何方法或技巧都将无不顺,语篇意义不理解,任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。毫不讳言,以上谈的技巧或方法也不例济于事。毫不讳言,以上谈的技巧或方法也不例外。外。

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