高考英语一轮复习语法课件特殊句式人教版

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1、特殊句式特殊句式本节目录本节目录语语法法精精讲讲考考点点整整合合语语法法专专练练知知能能闯闯关关语法精讲考点整合语法精讲考点整合考点一主考点一主谓一致一致1people,cattle等等集集体体名名词作作主主语时,谓语动词必必须用用复复数数形形式式, 但但family,class,team,group,public等等集集体体名名词作作主主语时,如如果果把把它它们作作为一一个个整整体体看看待待,谓语动词应用用单数数形形式式;如如果果强强调的的是是个个体体成成员,谓语动词应用复数形式。用复数形式。All my family enjoy skiing.我我们全家都喜全家都喜欢滑雪。滑雪。2如如果果

2、主主语由由“more than onen.”或或“many an.”构构成成,谓语动词用用单数数形形式式;如如果果主主语由由“more复复数数名名词than one”构成,构成,谓语动词一般用复数形式。一般用复数形式。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.不止一个男孩喜不止一个男孩喜欢打打篮球然而不止一个女生擅球然而不止一个女生擅长打棒球。打棒球。3 由由 or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等等

3、连接接的的并并列列主主语,谓语动词常常与与最最近近的的主主语在在单复复数上保持一致。数上保持一致。Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes.要么是你要么是你的秘要么是你要么是你的秘书必必须检查一下演一下演讲稿并把稿并把错误改改过来。来。4如如果果主主语后后面面带有有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,beside

4、s,including,in addition to等等引引导的的短短语时,句中句中谓语动词的的单复数取决于主复数取决于主语的的单复数。复数。Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游一起游览北京。北京。In my opinion,he rather than you,is to resign.依我看来,他,而不是你依我看来,他,而不是你该辞辞职。5单复复数数同同形形的的名名词作作主主语时,应根根据据名

5、名词的的意意义来来确确定定谓语动词的的单、复数形式。、复数形式。Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result,the number of the milu deer is increasing.用用来来保保护对于于我我们来来说很很珍珍贵的的麋麋鹿鹿的的各各种种必必要要手手段段都都已已使用。因此,麋鹿的数量正在增加。使用。因此,麋鹿的数量正在增加。6由由each,every,no所所修修饰的的作作主主语的的名名词即即使使有有and连接,接,谓语动

6、词仍用仍用单数形式。数形式。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday.每个女生和男生都希望参加星期六每个女生和男生都希望参加星期六举办的英的英语晚会。晚会。【典典例例】(2012高高考考陕西西卷卷)The basketball coach,as well as his team,_interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.AwereBwasCis Dare【解

7、解析析】选B。本本题考考查主主谓一一致致和和时态。句句意意:那那位位篮球球教教练以以及及他他的的球球队在在比比赛后后不不久久就就因因为他他们杰杰出出的的表表现而而受受到到采采访。as well as连接接两两个个名名词或或代代词作作主主语时,谓语动词的的数数由由第第一一个个名名词或或代代词决决定定,本本题中中as well as连接接the basketball coach与与his team,the basketball coach为第第三三人人称称单数数,故故谓语动词用用第第三三人人称称单数数形形式式,排排除除A,D两两项;另另外外,由由关关键信信息息shortly after the m

8、atch可可知知动作作发生在生在过去,句子采用一般去,句子采用一般过去去时,排除,排除C项。【易易错剖析剖析】本本题容易容易误选A。把。把谓语动词看成了和靠看成了和靠近的名近的名词his team一致,注意:一致,注意:A,as well as B作主作主语时,谓语动词和和A一致。一致。触触类旁通旁通1(2013甘甘肃高高三三联合合测试)Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _ to ten Hope Schools in South China.Awere sent Bwas sentChave bee

9、n sent Dhad been sent解解析析:选B。考考查主主谓一一致致和和时态。句句意意:一一些些现代代化化的的教教学学设备连同同成成百百上上千千台台电脑被被送送到到了了华南南的的十十所所希希望望学学校校。本本句句的的主主语是是equipment,是是不不可可数数名名词,所所以以谓语动词用用单数数形形式式。过去去完完成成时表表示示动作作发生生在在过去去的的过去,因此去,因此D项不恰当。不恰当。2(2013银川川部部分分中中学学高高三三联考考)The number of people who _ exposed to secondhand smoking in public places

10、 _ up to 740 million in China.Ais;are Bare;areCis;is Dare;is解解析析:选D。考考查主主谓一一致致。分分析析句句子子成成分分后后可可知知“who _exposed to secondhand smoking in public places”是是定定语从从句句修修饰先先行行词people,谓语动词用用复复数数形形式式are;整整个个句句子子的的主主语是是“The number of people”,意意为“人人们的数量的数量”,谓语动词用用单数数is,故,故D项正确。正确。考点二倒装考点二倒装1部分倒装部分倒装(1)在在so/such.

11、that.句型中,若句型中,若so/such.提到句首提到句首时。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气如此冷以至于我天气如此冷以至于我们不得不呆在家里。不得不呆在家里。(2)hardly.when., no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等等引引导两两个个分分句句时,前前一一个个分分句句用用部部分分倒倒装装,后后一一个个分分句句不不变。Hardly had they got to the airport when the plane took off.他他们刚到机到机场飞机就起机就起飞了。了

12、。Not only should we learn English,but also we should learn how to apply it to practice.我我们不不但但应该学学习英英语而而且且我我们应该学会如何把它学会如何把它应用于用于实践。践。(3)否否定定副副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely, rarely及及 表表 否否 定定 意意 义 的的 介介 词 短短 语 at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等

13、置于句首等置于句首时。Little did I know that this spilled the end of my career.我一点也没想到我一点也没想到这会断送了我的会断送了我的职业生涯。生涯。It is said that by no means can the students be allowed to get into this laboratory without Mr.Jacksons permission.据据说未未经Jackson先生的先生的许可可,学生学生绝不允不允许进入入这个个实验室。室。(4)当当“only状状语(副副词、介、介词短短语或从句或从句)”置于句首

14、置于句首时。Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work.只有当只有当汤姆完全恢复他才回去工作。姆完全恢复他才回去工作。(5)用用于于as引引导的的让步步状状语从从句句中中(表表语/状状语/动词原原形形as主主语)。Quiet student as he may be,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.尽尽管管他他是是一一名名沉沉默默寡寡言言的的学学生生,但但课后后谈起起他他最最喜喜欢的的歌歌手手他却滔滔不他却滔滔不绝。2完全倒装完全倒装(1)表表示示方方式式或

15、或方方位位的的副副词或或介介词短短语,如如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall等,置于句首等,置于句首时,完全倒装。,完全倒装。On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.在山在山顶上有一个上有一个这位老人曾位老人曾经生活生活过的寺的寺庙。For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.那会儿,什么都没那会儿,什么都没发生。之后大家一起生。之

16、后大家一起欢呼起来。呼起来。(2)表表语连系系动词主主语(表表语可可以以是是:形形容容词、介介词短短语、现在分在分词、过去分去分词)Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会出席会议的有的有怀特教授、史密斯教授特教授、史密斯教授还有有许多其他客人。多其他客人。【典典例例1】(2012高高考考辽宁宁卷卷)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad.Ahe had

17、 considered Bhad he consideredChe considered Ddid he consider【解解析析】选D。考考查倒倒装装。表表达达否否定定意意义的的连词短短语位位于于句句首首时运运用用部部分分倒倒装装,因因此此可可以以排排除除A、C两两项。再再分分析析句句子子结构构可可知知,本本空空所所在在的的是是主主句句部部分分,结合合从从句句时态可可知知主主句句用用一一般般过去去时态。句句意意:直直到到三三年年前前从从教教学学上上退退休休后后他他才才考考虑到到国国外外度度假假。诸如如倒倒装装、虚虚拟语气气这样的的语法法题,我,我们要熟要熟记规则。【易易错剖剖析析】本本题容

18、容易易误选B。只只注注意意到到了了倒倒装装而而忽忽视了了时态,主从句的,主从句的动作几乎同作几乎同时发生,不存在生,不存在时态差差别。【典例典例2】(2010高考江高考江苏卷卷)Is everyone here?Not yet.Look,there _ the rest of our guests!Acome BcomesCis coming Dare coming【解解析析】选A。there引引导的的倒倒装装句句谓语动词要要跟跟后后面面的的主主语一致,且用一般一致,且用一般现在在时表示将来。表示将来。【易易错剖剖析析】本本题容容易易误选D。注注意意:完完全全倒倒装装的的时态一般只用一般一般只

19、用一般现在在时和一般和一般过去去时。触触类旁通旁通1(2013济南南外外国国语学学校校第第一一学学期期高高三三质量量检测)_ he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our help.AEven though BNever untilCOnly before DEver since解解析析:选B。根根据据后后面面的的did he realize the importance of our help可可知知本本题是是部部分分倒倒装装,只只有有B选项符符合合部部分分倒倒装装的的条件。条件。2(2012温温州州十十校校联

20、合合体体高高三三上上学学期期期期中中考考试)He suggests the number of cars should be limited to stop air pollution._,the idea is not very practical.ASounds good as it BAs it sounds goodCAs good it sounds DGood as it sounds解解析析:选D。as引引导让步步状状语从从句句,需需用用倒倒装装,表表语提提至至as的前面。的前面。3(2013浙浙江江金金华一一中中高高三三年年级月月考考)I got in his old truc

21、k and off _ to one of the far corners of the farm to fix the fences.Adid we go Bwent weCdid go we Dwe went解解析析:选D。虽然然off位位于于句句首首常常用用完完全全倒倒装装,但但前前提提条条件件主主语须是名是名词,此,此处主主语是代是代词,所以不用倒装。,所以不用倒装。考点三考点三强强调句型句型1强强调句句的的基基本本句句型型是是“It is/was被被强强调的的部部分分that/who其其他他部部分分”。被被强强调的的部部分分可可以以是是主主语、宾语和状和状语等。等。It was in

22、 the shop that we met him yesterday.昨天我昨天我们在商店里遇到了他。在商店里遇到了他。2强强调句句型型的的一一般般疑疑问句句只只需需将将is/was提提前前,特特殊殊疑疑问句句的的结构是构是“疑疑问词is/wasitthat从句从句”。Was it Mr.White that to blame for breaking the cup?是是怀特先生因打碎杯子而特先生因打碎杯子而应受受责任任吗?3“It was not until.that.”这个句型个句型强强调时间状状语。It was not until I went there that I began

23、to know something about the matter.直到我去那儿我才开始知道有关那件事。直到我去那儿我才开始知道有关那件事。【典典例例1】(2012高高考考重重庆卷卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_Zheng He sailed to East Africa.Awhen BthatCafter Dsince【解解析析】选B。本本题考考查强强调句句型型。句句意意:郑和和航航海海到到东非非比比哥哥伦布布横横渡渡大大西西洋洋早早80年年。分分析析题干干可可知知本本句句是是一一个个强强

24、调句句,被被强强调部部分分是是“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”,根根据据强强调句句结构构“It is/was被被强强调部分部分that剩余部分剩余部分”可知可知选B。【易易错剖剖析析】本本题容容易易误选D。忽忽略略了了时态,since引引导时间状状语从句的从句的话,主句要用,主句要用现在完成在完成时。触触类旁通旁通1(2012杭杭州州萧山山区区5校校高高三三期期中中)It was not until Mum agreed to buy him a computer,_ was his favorite,_ t

25、he boy promised to study hard.Athat;that Bwhich;thatCthat;which Dwhich;which解解析析:选B。第第一一个个空空是是which引引导的的非非限限制制性性定定语从从句句,修修饰computer;第第二二个个空空是是not.until.句句型型的的强强调形形式式It was not until.that.。2(2013安安徽徽合合肥肥一一中中高高三三第第一一次次阶段段考考试)The police were seeking more information to find out _ the rich merchant.Awho

26、 was it that killed Bwho it was that killedCit was who killed Dwho was it killed解解析析:选B。强强调句句型型的的特特殊殊疑疑问句句:疑疑问词was it that;又用于又用于宾语从句中改从句中改为陈述述语序,所以序,所以选B。3(2012云云南南第第一一次次高高中中毕业生生复复习统一一检测)Not a single word in the guildebook _ because it was in Italian.AI can understand BI understoodCcould I understa

27、nd Dcan I understand解解析析:选C。考考查倒倒装装结构构。否否定定词或或否否定定结构构置置于于句句首首时,句句子子常常用用部部分分倒倒装装;再再根根据据句句中中“was”的的提提示示可可知知,此此处应用用过去去时态,所以,所以C项正确。正确。考点四省略考点四省略1.在在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等等引引导的的状状语从从句句中中,若若谓语有有be动词,而而主主语又与主句主又与主句主语相同或主相同或主语是是it时,从句的主从句的主语和和be常被省略常被省略.Though surpri

28、sed to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.教授看到我教授看到我们,虽然很惊然很惊讶,但,但还是是热情地情地欢迎了我迎了我们。When people cut down big trees,new trees should be planted. If not they will have no trees to cut down in the future.当人当人们砍倒大砍倒大树时,应该种植新种植新树,不然的,不然的话,他,他们以后就以后就没有没有树木可砍了。木可砍了。2不定式省略,不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号独使用不定式符号to。

29、(1)用用来来代代替替动词不不定定式式后后被被省省略略的的动词,常常在在be afraid,be glad,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后等的后边。Whats the matter with Della?Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still hopes to.Della出什么事了?出什么事了?父母不允父母不允许Della参加晚会,可她仍然希望参加。参加晚会,可她仍然希望参加。Will you

30、 join in the game?你愿意加入做游你愿意加入做游戏吗?Id be glad to.我很高我很高兴。(2)如如果果不不定定式式中中含含有有be,have,have been,通通常常保保留留be,have和和have been。Are you a sailor?你是海你是海员吗?No,but I used to be.不,但我不,但我过去是。去是。【典典例例】(2012高高考考陕西西卷卷)All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.Aunless BuntilConce Dif

31、【解解析析】选A。本本题考考查连词的的应用用。句句意意:除除非非做做出出特特别说明明,这本本书中中所所有有的的照照片片可可以以追追溯溯到到20世世纪50年年代代。由由信息信息词otherwise可知,可知,A项符合符合题意。意。【易易错剖剖析析】本本题容容易易误选D。原原因因在在于于只只理理解解出出了了是是条条件件状状语从从句句,忽忽略略了了句句子子的的意意义是是:如如果果没没有有另另外外的的说明明,unlessif.not。触触类旁通旁通1(2012浙浙江江诸暨中中学学高高三三期期中中考考试)Comparison may make something appear more beautifu

32、l than it is when _ alone.Ato see BseeingCis seen Dseen解解析析:选D。这是是状状语从从句句的的省省略略,补全全了了是是:when it is seen alone。2(2013唐唐山山高高三三第第一一次次模模拟)The new technology,if _ to farming,will help increase the grain output.Aapplying Bto applyCapplied Dhaving applied解解析析:选C。考考查省省略略。if引引导的的条条件件状状语从从句句中中省省略略了了与与主主句句相相同同的的主主语及及系系动词,补全全后后为:if the new technology is applied to farming,因此,因此选C。语法专练知能闯关语法专练知能闯关本部分内容讲解结束本部分内容讲解结束按按ESC键退出全屏播放退出全屏播放

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