全新版大学英语第二册Unit7PPT课件

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1、Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishBR_mainListening and Answering the QuestionsHistory of English Winston ChurchillJulius CaesarViking Norman William Caxton Otto

2、 Jespersen Renaissance Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishBR_History of EnglishHistory of EnglishTherootofEnglishThedevelopmentofModernEnglish20thCenturyEnglishS

3、upplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishBR_Winston ChurchillWinston ChurchillABriefintroductiontoWinstonChurchillChronologyofWinstonChurchillAVideoClipaboutWinstonChur

4、chillSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishYes. For example, the meaning of “your house burns up” is the same as that of “your house burns down”, or “you fill in a

5、form” is the same as “you fill out a form”.BR_Listen and Answer the Questions11. What is the passage about? Listen and Answer the Questions Directions: Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions.English is a great language, but it is also a crazy language.

6、2. Can you give one or two examples to illustrate the messiness of the English language?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English3. Are you sure of all the idiomatic u

7、sages mentioned in the recorded passage?Some of the more confusing usages are explained here:1) ship by truck / send cargo by ship: ship can be either a verb or a noun.The first “ship” means “send”, the second one “a large boat”.2) noses that run / feet that smells: BR_Listen and Answer the Question

8、s2This refers to what people usually say “have a running nose”(流鼻涕流鼻涕),“have smelly feet”(臭脚臭脚). Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English3) a slim/fat chance: a remot

9、e possibility 4) a wise guy: a person who pretends to be much wiser than he/she really is; a derogatory terma wise man: a really wise person; a commendatory term5) overlook: fail to see or notice, pay no attention to oversee: control (work, workmen) BR_Listen and Answer the Questions3Supplementary R

10、eadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English6) hot /cold as hell: extremely hot/cold 7) burn up: catch fire and flare up burn down: be destroyed by fire 8) fill in a form/fill out a for

11、m: synonymous 9) go off: start an action, usually accompanied by a great noise go on: continue doing somethingBR_Listen and Answer the Questions4Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious m

12、essiness of English10) when stars are out: when stars appear in the sky when lights are out: when lights are turned off 11) wind up a watch: tighten the spring of a watch wind up a speech: end a speech BR_Listen and Answer the Questions5Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Readin

13、gDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishBR_The root of English1The root of English English began as a west Germanic language which was brought to England by the Saxons around 400 A.D. Old English was the spoken and written langua

14、ge of England between 400 and 1100 A.D. Many words used today come from Old English, including man, woman, king, mother, etc. But Old English was very different from modern English and only a few words can be easily recognized. In the 9th and 10th centuries, when Vikings invaded England, Old Norse w

15、ords, e.g. sky, take and get and many place names, entered the language.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishFrom the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 12th. c

16、entury English was replaced as the official language by Norman French, though English was still used by the lower classes. English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French and also Latin in vocabulary and pronunciation. French brought many words connected with

17、government, e.g. sovereign, royal, court, legal and government itself. Latin was the language of religion and learning and gave to English words such as minister, angel, master, school and grammar. Literature began again to be written in English during this period. One of the most famous Middle Engl

18、ish works is Chaucers The Canterbury TalesBR_The root of English2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Modern English developed from the Middle English dialect of

19、the East Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was set up by William Caxton in 1476. English changed a great deal from this time until the end of the 18th century. During the Renaissance, many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas

20、, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. They included physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis. In the 16th century several versions of the Bible helped bring written English to ordinary people. The Elizabethan period is also famous for its drama, and Shakespeares plays

21、were seen by many people.The development of Modern English BR_The development of Modern English 1Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English The development of printing

22、helped establish standards of spelling and grammar, but there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnsons A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) was the first authoritative treatment of English. It defined about 40,000 words and gave examples of their use. By the 18th century American English

23、was established and developing independently from British English. After colonists arrived in the US new words began to be added from Native American languages, and from French and Spanish. In 1783, soon after Johnsons dictionary was published, Noah Websters The Elementary Spelling BookBR_The develo

24、pment of Modern English 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Englishwas published in the US. At first it used Johnsons spellings, but later editions contained many of wh

25、at have come to be known as American spellings, e.g. harbor and favorite.BR_The development of Modern English 3Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English During the 19t

26、h and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the I

27、nternet. English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that World English will move away from using a British or American standard and esta

28、blish its own international identity.20th Century English BR_20th Century EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English As a politician, Winston Churchill is rememb

29、ered as one of Britains greatest statesmen. He was the son of the Conservative politician Lord Randolph Churchill and his American wife Jennie. As a young man he served as a soldier in India and Egypt, and as a journalist in South Africa, before entering politics. Churchill became Prime Minister and

30、 Minister of Defence in 1940. His radio speeches during World War II gave the British people a strong determination to win the war, especially at times of great crisis. Examples of Churchills phrases still often quoted today are “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat”, and “This w

31、as their finest hour”. A Brief introduction to Winston Churchill BR_A Brief introduction to Winston Churchill 1 Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishThe Conservati

32、ve Party led by Churchill lost the election of 1945, but he became Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955 when he retired, aged 80. When he died in Jan 1965 he was given a state funeral.BR_A Brief introduction to Winston Churchill 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDeta

33、iled ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishChronology of Winston Churchill November 30, 1874 October 1, 1911 April 30, 1915 November 6, 1924Born Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill at Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, near Oxford.Appointed First

34、 Lord of the Admiralty in Liberal government. Failure of the Dardanelles Expedition, in World War I, led to his resignation as First Lord of the Admiralty.Baldwin named him Chancellor of the Exchequer.BR_Chronology of Winston Churchill 1 Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Readi

35、ngDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishMay 10, 1940 July 1945April 24, 1953 December 10, 1953 January 24, 1965 Appointed to head wartime coalition government. Lost general election.Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.Awarded Nobel p

36、rize for literature in recognition of “historical works and biographies as well as his brilliant speeches.”Died in London; given a state funeral; buried in the churchyard at Bladon, near Blenheim.BR_Chronology of Winston Churchill 2 Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDet

37、ailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishDirections: Watch this video clip and answer the following questions. A Video Clip about Winston Churchill 1. What do you learn from the clip?2. What do you think of Winston Churchill? BR_A Vid

38、eo Clip1Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishBR_A Video Clip2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 T

39、he glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishJulius Caesar (100-44 BC) Julius Caesar was the best-known of all the ancient Roman leaders, and the first one to land in Britain with an army. He did this twice, in 55 and 54 BC, although Britain did not become part of the Roma

40、n Empire until nearly a hundred years later. BR_Julius CaesarSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglisheasternEngland, and the Danish king Canute ruled England from 101

41、6. The Vikings were feared as violent and cruel, but they were also noted for their skill in building ships and as sailors. They had an important influence on EnglishViking Viking was a member of a people from Scandinavia who attacked parts of northern and western Europe, including Britain and Irela

42、nd, in the 8th to 11th centuries. In Britain they were also known as Norsemen. They settled on the Scottish islands and in areas ofculture and the English language.BR_VikingSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of

43、EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Norman Norman refers to any of the people from Normandy in northern France who settled in England after their leader William defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the No

44、rman Conquest. They used many of theBR_Norman 1Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Englishexisting Anglo-Saxon methods of government of the state and the church, but add

45、ed important aspects of their own and made government much more effective. The language of government became first Latin, and then Norman French, and this caused many new words to be added to the existing English language. BR_Norman 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDe

46、tailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishWilliam Caxton (c. 14221491) William Caxton was the man who set up the first printing firm in Britain. He printed his first book in 1474. By printing books in English, Caxton had a strong infl

47、uence on the spelling and development of the language. were French stories which he translated himself.BR_William CaxtonSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishOtto J

48、espersen (18601943) BR_Otto Jespersen Otto Jespersen was a Danish philologist, grammarian, and educationist. He promoted the use of the “direct method” in language teaching with the publication of his theoretical work How to Teach a Foreign Language (1904). Other books include his seven-volume Moder

49、n English Grammar (19091949).Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishRenaissance BR_Renaissance1Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetail

50、ed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishBR_Renaissance2The Renaissance emerged in northern Italy in the 1300s when, not content with the abstract and highly subjective thinking of the Middle Ages, scholars turned for inspiration to the

51、ancient Greeks and Romans with their love of earthly life. Italian architects rediscovered ancient construction techniques and incorporated Greek and Roman columns, arches, and domes into their public buildings. Instead of the flat, stiff figures of the Middle Ages, Renaissance artists portrayed rou

52、nded, flesh-and-blood people, people filled with emotions. To depict the world they lived in realistically, Renaissance artists developed linear perspective, which creates on aSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness

53、of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Englishflat surface the illusion of depth. Renaissance scholars explored their world through mathematics, science, and engineering. Probably the most famous people of the Renaissance times are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. By the 1500s the Renaissance

54、 had spread to Spain and the countries of northern Europe, where people sought to blend the intense interest in human affairs with spiritual ideals.BR_Renaissance3Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious

55、 messiness of EnglishGR_mainPart Division of the TextFurther UnderstandingSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishGR_FurtherUnderstandingPairDiscussionEnglishthe Sea of LanguageQuest

56、ionsandAnswersFurther UnderstandingSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishGR_PartDivisionoftheText1 Part Division of the TextPartsPara(s). Main Ideas113 2416 Massive borrowing from

57、other languages is a major feature of the English language. Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glori

58、ous messiness of EnglishGR_PartDivisionoftheText2PartsMain Ideas31719Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language. Para(s). Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore

59、 ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishPair Discussion Directions: Look at the picture below. Answer these questions with a partner. 1.What are differences between English and French in borrowing foreign words?English has a vocabulary of about one mil

60、lion words while French has only about 75,000 words.English has borrowed a lot of words from other languages while French hasnt. And the French government even tries to ban words from English.GR_Pair Discussion1 Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The

61、 glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English2. What can we infer from the invention of a French word “balladeer”?In borrowing foreign words, English people are open-minded while French people are conservative.GR_Pair Discussion 2We know the reason why English has become the

62、 first truly global language.3. How did the word “Walkman” come into being?The Japanese put two simple English words together to name their product.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of E

63、nglishEnglish the Sea of Language eye angel sky royal kingly capsule water thermometer habitual mahjong Old EnglishVikingsFrenchChineseLatinChristianityGreekGR_English the Sea of LanguageSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of En

64、glishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishQuestions and Answers 1. Who is Otto Jespersen?He is a Danish scholar.2. According to Otto Jespersen, what is the cause for English to become what it is? Its the result of the great respecters of the liberties of each individual. 3. What is English langua

65、ge in the authors opinion? English is the tongue of common man. GR_Questions and AnswersUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThe story of our English language is typically one of

66、massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, howeve

67、r, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. The government tries to ban words from English and declares that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead but they dont.DR_Text1THE GLORIOUS MESSINES

68、S OF ENGLISHUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingWalkman is fascinating because it isnt even English. Strictly speaking, it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two

69、simple English words together to name their product. That doesnt bother us, butitdoes bother the French. Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the

70、 first truly global language.DR_Text2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingHow did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet more wid

71、ely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you); possession (mine, yours); the body (eye, nose, mouth); size (tall, short); and necessities (food, water). These words all come from Old English or Ang

72、lo-Saxon English, the core of our language. Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us.Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary

73、ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingVirtually every one of those words came from Old English, except the last surrender, which came from Norman French. Churchill could have said, “We shall never give in,” but it is one of the lovely and powerful opportunities of English t

74、hat a writer can mix, for effect, different words from different backgrounds. Yet there is something direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our language.Forexample, during World War II, Winston Churchill made this speech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitlers a

75、rmies positioned to cross the English Channel: “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.”Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Engli

76、shSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingTwo centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent la

77、nguage, lost to us because nothing was written down.When Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 B.C., English did not exist. The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh. Where those languages came from is still a mystery, but there is a theory.Unit 7 The glorio

78、us messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common

79、 words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest

80、move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesars armies found in Britain. New words came with the Germanic tribes the Angles, the Saxons, etc. that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society. Unit 7 The glorious me

81、ssiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThe Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gav

82、e us the word laughter.The next big influence on English was Christianity. It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin, including angel, disciple and martyr.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Readin

83、gAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skirt. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or rais

84、e a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England. The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, La

85、tin for the churches and English for the common people. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingWiththree languages competing, there were sometimes different terms for the same thing

86、. For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but after the Normans, royal and sovereign entered the language as alternatives. The extraordinary thing was that French did not replace English. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had deve

87、loped was a modified, greatly enriched language Middle English with about 10,000 “borrowed” French words.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Around 1476 William Caxton set up a

88、printing press in England and started a communications revolution. Printing brought into English the wealth of new thinking that sprang from the European Renaissance. Translations Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page, and with them thousands of Latin words like

89、capsule and habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and thermometer. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to name new inventions, like video, television and cyberspace.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed

90、ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading As settlers landed in North America and established the United States, English found itself with two sources American and British. Scholars in Britain worried that the language was out of control, and some wanted to set up an academy to decide which words were pro

91、per and which were not. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThat tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas

92、of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, “The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.”I like that idea. Consi

93、der that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America. The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around

94、 their language.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectu

95、al elite. English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_SentenceTHEGLORIOUS1英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。 THE GLORIOUS MES

96、SINESS OF ENGLISHTranslate the title into Chinese. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_SentenceTHEGLORIOUS2The rhetorical device used here is called oxymoron (矛矛盾盾修修饰饰法法). An

97、oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader, luring him/her to pause and explore why. Here “Glorious” is a commendatory (褒褒义义的的) term, while “Messiness” is derogatory (贬贬义义的的). As the reader reads on, he/she will know that English is messy, but the messiness reflects some com

98、mendable qualities of English, such as tolerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others rights. At this point the reader cannot but admire the authors ingenuity.What kind of rhetorical device is used in the title? Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Eng

99、lishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence2whichParaphrase the sentence.French children are expected to say the word “balladeer” instead of “Walkman” but they dont say it. which French kids are supposed to say instead but they dont. Unit 7 The glori

100、ous messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence3SuchisWhat can we know about the authors attitude towards English from this sentence?He thinks much of it. Such is the glorious messiness of Engli

101、sh. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence4ThehistoryParaphrase this part. The history of English is revealed in the first words a child learns about The history of Engl

102、ish is present in the first words a child learns about Translate this part into Chinese. 英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示的词汇当中。的词汇当中。 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_S

103、entence5“WeWhat kind of rhetorical device is used here? And whats the function of it? The rhetorical device used here is called parallelism (排排比比法法). With this device the sentences become more powerful and will leave a deeper impression on listeners or readers. “We shall fight surrender.” Unit 7 The

104、 glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence6French What kind of rhetorical device is used here? The rhetorical device used here is called metonymy (转转喻喻). Here the word “churches” stan

105、ds for religious institutions and those who are involved in religious practices. Another example, in the sentence “The kettle boils.”, the word “kettle” stands to “the water in the kettle”. French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people.Unit 7 The glorious messiness

106、of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence7TranslationsofGreekWhat is the Chinese version of this part? 希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册。希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册。Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the p

107、rinted page, What kind of rhetorical device is used here? The author used personification (拟人法拟人法) in this part. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence8TodaywestillWhere

108、 are the two words “television” and “cyberspace” from? The word “television” is formed by “tele” (Greek, meaning “far off”) and “vision” (Latin, meaning “to see”.The word “cyberspace” is formed by “cyber” (Greek, meaning “to steer”) and “space” (Old French, Latin) . Today we still borrow from Latin

109、cyberspace. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence9FortunatelytheirWhat can we infer from this sentence about the authors attitude towards English? The author prefers wh

110、at English is today to what some British scholars wanted to do. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_Sentence10Iliketha

111、tidea.What does “that idea” refer to?It refers to the fact that the English language today results from the great respecters of the liberties of each individual and his freedom to strike out new path for himself. I like that idea. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness

112、 of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThe rhetorical device used in these sentences is called metaphor. Here the author uses sustained metaphor: the cultural soil, the first shoots sprang up, grew stronger, build fences around their language. In thi

113、s case the English language is compared to plants, and the various cultures influencing it are compared to the soil, while users of English are compared to gardeners. Besides this, the author employs many other metaphors in this text, such as core of English (Para. 4), another flood of new vocabular

114、y (Para. 14), and the special preserve of grammarians (Para. 19).What kind of rhetorical device is used in these sentences? Consider that around their language. DR_Sentence11ConsiderthataroundUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter R

115、eadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_corruptcorrupt: vt. The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corrupted the language.Has Japanese been corrupted by the introduction of foreign words? cause errors to appear in cause to act dishonestly in ret

116、urn for personal gains To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power. To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious me

117、ssiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_ban1ban: vt. 1. forbid (sth.) officially (used in the pattern: ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth. The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year.Tom was banned from drivi

118、ng for six months after being caught speeding again.Lady Chatterleys Lover was banned when it was first published. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_ban2CF:The treaty b

119、ans all nuclear tests. 该条约禁止一切核试验。该条约禁止一切核试验。forbid 是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：He forbade his children sweets because he didnt want their teeth to be ruined. 他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。 ban, forbid & prohibit这三个是及物动词，均含这三个是及物动词，均含“禁止禁止”之意。之意。ban 语气最重，指权威机关语气最重，指权威机关“正

120、式禁止正式禁止”。一般含有。一般含有“严厉严厉 谴责谴责”的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如：的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如： Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingprohibit 指指“（通过法律、法令或严正警告）禁止某（通过法律、法令或严正警告）禁止某 些事物些事物”，应用范围较，应用范围较

121、ban广。例如：广。例如：In some countries the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited. 在一些国家禁止出售含酒精的饮料。在一些国家禁止出售含酒精的饮料。 2. ban: n. (followed by on) The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising. The ban on human cloning is welcomed by most countries in the world. DR_word_ban3Unit 7 The g

122、lorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingStanding still in the teachers office, the boy tried to invent a plausible excuse for his absence from class. DR_word_invent1invent: vt. James Watt invent

123、ed the steam engine. Walter Hunt and Elias Hone invented the sewing machine 1.make or design (sth. that has not existed before); create (sth.) 2. give (a name, reason, etc. that doesnt exist or is not true)All the characters in the novel are invented. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 T

124、he glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingCF:Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 亚历山大亚历山大格雷厄姆格雷厄姆贝尔发明了电话。贝尔发明了电话。invent & discover这两个词都是及物动词，在意义上比较容易混淆。这两个词都是及物动词，在意义上比较容易混淆。DR_word_invent2invent“发明发明”，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西；如：工，发

125、明的对象是以前没有的新东西；如：工 具、手段或方法具、手段或方法, ,是实践问题，不仅仅是认识问题。是实践问题，不仅仅是认识问题。 例如：例如：Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingdiscover“发现发现”，发现的对象是本来就存在，但主语不知，发现的对象是本来就存在，但主语不知 道的东西，如新的科学真理，新领域等。有

126、时也道的东西，如新的科学真理，新领域等。有时也 可泛指可泛指“发现发现”、“认识到认识到”某某 种情况。例如：种情况。例如：The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930. 冥王星是在冥王星是在19301930年被发现的。年被发现的。 DR_word_invent3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore

127、ReadingDR_word_fascinatingfascinating: adj. of great interest or attraction The story of his adventures in the Arctic was fascinating to listen to. It is fascinating to imagine what might have happened if the US had not declared war against Japan in World War II. 我觉得有关克隆的讨论很有吸引力。我觉得有关克隆的讨论很有吸引力。 I f

128、ound the discussion about cloning absolutely fascinating. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingstrictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in their exact senseHes no

129、t strictly speaking an artist; he is more of a performer. Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of her honesty. DR_word_strictlyspeakingUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetaile

130、d ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThe patient had no tolerance for/to pain. Whenever he was injected he would cry.tolerance: n. the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you dont agree or approve of it (followed by for)School teachers have to have a great deal of to

131、lerance in order to deal with difficult children.He has no tolerance for people who disagree with him. Human beings have limited tolerance of/to noise. theabilitytobearsth.painfulorunpleasant(followedbyof / for / to)1. 2. DR_word_tolerance1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious

132、messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingCollocation：display/show tolerance have tolerance tolerance for/of/towards 表示宽容表示宽容有容忍力；有雅量有容忍力；有雅量 对对容忍容忍 DR_word_tolerance2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Engl

133、ishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingto a (very real, certain, etc.) extent: to the degree specified I agree with him to some extent but there are still some areas of sharp disagreement between us. To some extent the water pollution has affected local resi

134、dents. 从某种程度上说，餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。从某种程度上说，餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。 To a certain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management. DR_word_tolerance3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefor

135、e Readingnecessity: n. 1. sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth. A lot of people would consider a TV as more of a necessity than a luxury item.Water is a basic necessity of life. The workers wages were so low that they hardly had enough money to buy the bare necessities of life. DR_

136、word_necessityUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading2. circumstances that force one to do sth.; the state of being necessary; the need for sth. (followed by of / for) DR_word_neces

137、sity2There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project. 再搞一次选举有必要吗？再搞一次选举有必要吗？ Is there any necessity for another election? Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Read

138、ingCollocation：感到有感到有的必要的必要feel the necessity of 最低限度的必需品最低限度的必需品 the bare necessities 生活必需品生活必需品 the necessities of life 必然地必然地 of necessity You will of necessity remain silent. 你必然会保持沉默。你必然会保持沉默。 DR_word_necessity3由于必要；不得已由于必要；不得已 by necessity I walked home by necessity, because the car broke down

139、. 汽车坏了汽车坏了, ,我不得已只好走回家。我不得已只好走回家。Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_arousearouse: vt. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)These educational toys give children a fe

140、eling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks.The mans strange behavior aroused the policemans suspicions. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingsurrender: v.

141、 give in (followed by to) After several weeks of severe attacks, Afghanistans Taliban forces surrendered to the Northern Alliance.After the bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered.Well never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks. DR_word_SURRENDER你们必须向警方缴枪。你们必须向

142、警方缴枪。 You must surrender your guns to the police. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingvirtually: adv. for the most part, almost Its virtually impossible to tell the imitation fro

143、m the real thing. It has been raining virtually non-stop for the past several days. DR_word_virtually晚饭差不多准备好了；我只差做蔬菜了。晚饭差不多准备好了；我只差做蔬菜了。The dinners virtually ready; I only have to finish the vegetables. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Re

144、adingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readinginvade: vt. enter with armed forces In July 1937 the Japanese army invaded China. The Germans invaded Poland in 1939, leading to the start of World War II.DR_word_invadeUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness

145、 of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingmystery: n. sth. that people cant, or have not been able to understand or explainThe politicians sudden death remains a mystery to us all. No one has ever been able to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle

146、. DR_word_mystery1埃及的金字塔（埃及的金字塔（pyramid）是如何建成的依）是如何建成的依然是个谜。然是个谜。 How Egyptian pyramids were built still remains a mystery. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingCollocation：形成疑团形成

147、疑团 pose a mystery 依然是个谜依然是个谜 remain a mystery 使神秘的事真相大白使神秘的事真相大白 clear up a mystery 阐释奥秘阐释奥秘 solve/unravel a mystery 处于神秘之中处于神秘之中shrouded/cloaked/wrapped in mystery DR_word_mystery2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetai

148、led ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_resemble resemble: vt. be like or similar to Id say he resembles his mother more than his father. 约翰在各方面都非常像他父亲。约翰在各方面都非常像他父亲。 John resembles his father very much in all ways. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Engl

149、ishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingdescend: v. come down (from a source), go down These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers. The old lady descended the stairs. DR_word_descend1太阳落山了。太阳落山了。 The sun descended behind the hills. Unit 7 The g

150、lorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingdescend, fall & drop这三个词都是动词，均含这三个词都是动词，均含“下落下落”之意。之意。CF:DR_word_descend2descend是相当正式的用法，表示从某一高处落到某一低是相当正式的用法，表示从某一高处落到某一低 处。处。fall为不及物动词，表示由于地球吸引力或失去支撑而导

151、致为不及物动词，表示由于地球吸引力或失去支撑而导致 的下落。广义上讲，指任何形式的下落。的下落。广义上讲，指任何形式的下落。drop表示一点一滴地落下，但通常表示下落或使下落时的表示一点一滴地落下，但通常表示下落或使下落时的 速度、方向出乎意料或不经意。速度、方向出乎意料或不经意。Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading1

152、.The rain was still from the trees. 2.On turning the corner, we saw that the road steeply. 3. Large masses of rock are constantly into the sea. 4. The hawk (鹰鹰) in a vertical stoop on its quarry (猎物猎物). dropping descends _falling descended _Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change

153、 the form where necessary._DR_word_descend3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingestablish: vt. The bank helps people wanting to establish their business. 1. cause to be, set up DR

154、_word_establish1这学校是由一位意大利教授于这学校是由一位意大利教授于1905年建立的。年建立的。 The school was established in 1905 by an Italian professor. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading2. place or settle sb./on

155、eself in a position, an office, etc. Ingrid Bergman established her fame as a film star at the age of 20. Yao Ming established himself in the team soon after he arrived in U.S. DR_word_establish2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfte

156、r ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingdrift: The football match was over, and the crowds drifted away from the stadium. Jimmy spent the year drifting around Europe. 1. vi. move or go somewhere in a slow casual way DR_word_drift1她经常调换工作。她经常调换工作。 She just drifts from job to job. Unit 7

157、The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingNowadays there is a drift of young people from the country to the city. 2. n. Im sorry: I cant catch/get the drift of what youre saying. 1) the movem

158、ent or course of sth. drifting2) the general meaning DR_word_drift2论点的要旨你明白了吗？论点的要旨你明白了吗？Did you get/see the drift of the argument? Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading谈话从一个主题转到另

159、一个主题。谈话从一个主题转到另一个主题。 DR_word_drift3Collocation:drift along 漫无目的地游荡漫无目的地游荡 drift apart 分开；疏远分开；疏远 drift into/toward 渐渐进入；陷入渐渐进入；陷入 drift from to 从从漂流到漂流到 At last, he drifted into a life of crime. 最后，他陷入了犯罪生涯。最后，他陷入了犯罪生涯。 The conversation drifted from one subject to another. Unit 7 The glorious messin

160、ess of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_drift4a general drift 总的倾向总的倾向 get/catch the drift of 理解大意理解大意follow sbs drift 听懂某人的意思听懂某人的意思 Collocation:Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glo

161、rious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_passpass (sth.) on to (sb.): hand or give (sth.) to (sb.) When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it on to Laura.The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess. Unit

162、7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_addition1addition: n. 1. a person or thing added (followed by to)The baby is a welcome addition to the Smith family. 2. the act of adding,

163、esp. adding numbers togetherBefore I entered the primary school, my mother taught me to do addition and subtraction. 他将是我们篮球队里可贵的新增力量。他将是我们篮球队里可贵的新增力量。 He will be a valuable addition to our basketball team. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary

164、 ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingCollocation:do addition 做加法做加法 make an addition 增加一些增加一些 in addition to 除除之外之外 In addition to his salary, he earns a lot from giving lectures. in addition 另外；加之另外；加之 You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence. DR_word_add

165、ition2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_conquer1conquer: vt. take possession and control of (a country, city, etc.) by force; defeatAfghanistans Northern Alliance conqu

166、ered Kabul a month ago. She has conquered the hearts of many men. 全世界已作出巨大努力来征服癌症。全世界已作出巨大努力来征服癌症。 There has been a tremendous international effort to conquer cancer.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlob

167、al ReadingBefore Readingconquer, beat & defeat这三个词都是动词，均含这三个词都是动词，均含“打败打败”、“胜过胜过”之意。之意。CF:The Romans conquered parts of Britain in the first century B. C. 公元前一世纪罗马人曾占领了英国的部分领土。公元前一世纪罗马人曾占领了英国的部分领土。DR_word_conquer2conquer 指通过武力、斗争或坚强的意志把某事或某物、指通过武力、斗争或坚强的意志把某事或某物、 某人置于自己的控制之下。例如：某人置于自己的控制之下。例如：Unit 7

168、 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDR_word_conquer3beat 强调对手被彻底打败，该词常用在正式场合，可强调对手被彻底打败，该词常用在正式场合，可 用于描写任何比赛。例如：用于描写任何比赛。例如：She beat her brother at tennis. 在网球上，她打败了她弟弟。在网球上，她打败了她弟弟。 H

169、e was defeated by 165 votes against 132. 他以他以132票对票对165 票落选了。票落选了。 defeat 是个普通用语。可指打败敌人、对手，也可指是个普通用语。可指打败敌人、对手，也可指 在选举中落选，希望、计划受挫等。例如：在选举中落选，希望、计划受挫等。例如：Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBef

170、ore Reading该该词词本本意意是是“另另一一个个，每每两两者者中中的的第第二二个个”，因因此此仅仅限限于于在在两两者者之之间间进进行行选选择择，但但现现在在也也可可指指“几几种种可可能能中中的的一一种种”，类类似似 We have several alternatives to chose from. (有有几几种种可可能能性性可可供供我我们们选选择择。)之之类类的的句句子也相当普遍。子也相当普遍。 DR_word_alternative1alternative: 1. n. one of two or more possibilities (followed by to)His fa

171、ther gave John the alternative of staying in high school or going to work. 恐怕除了向警察告发你之外，我别无选择。恐怕除了向警察告发你之外，我别无选择。 NB:Im afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDeta

172、iled ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading2. adj. (of two things) that may be used, had, done, etc. instead of another; other 有有时时alternate可可用用来来代代替替alternative: They had analternate/alternative plan.(他他们们另另有有一一个个计计划划。)但是，但是，alternative被认为是更地道的英语。被认为是更地道的英语。Wereturnedbyanalternativeroad.NB:DR_word_alt

173、ernative2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingenrich: vt.That once poor coastal village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.1. make rich or richer DR_word_enrich1油田的发现使许

174、多阿拉伯国家富足起来了。油田的发现使许多阿拉伯国家富足起来了。 The discovery of oil has enriched many Arabian countries. 2. improve It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting. Music can enrich your whole life. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter Read

175、ingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingsource: n.Tourism, which is a major source of income for the city, has been seriously affected by SARS. Do you have any other source of income apart from your job? Where is the source of the Amazon River? 1. a place from which sth. comes or is obtained

176、2. the place where a stream of water startsDR_word_enrich1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingsource & origin这两个词都是名词，均含这两个词都是名词，均含“根源，起因根源，起因”之意。之意。CF:They had to find a new sou

177、rce of income. 他们不得不寻找新的收入来源。他们不得不寻找新的收入来源。 origin 指事物的起源、源头，含有现在的情景已有变化指事物的起源、源头，含有现在的情景已有变化 之意，有时也指之意，有时也指“出身，血统出身，血统”。DR_word_enrich2source 原指原指“水源水源”，转义指事物的，转义指事物的“根源，起因或根源，起因或 处处”。例如：。例如：Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter R

178、eadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading1.There are a number of words in the English language which were French in 2. Where is the of the River Thames? 3. They had to find a new of income. 4. This practice owes its to the Chinese. originsourcesourceorigin Directions: Fill in the blanks wit

179、h the words above. Change the form where necessary. _ ._DR_word_enrich3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_mainUseful Expressions Synonyms Body Language Listening Comprehensio

180、n Writing Practice Talk about the Pictures Sentence Translation Proverbs and Quotations Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingListening ComprehensionBrainstormRespondAR_Listening C

181、omprehensionUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Writing PracticeWriting PracticeAbriefintroductionAnexampleSomeusefulexpressionsingraphwritingHomeworkUnit 7 The glorious messi

182、ness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Useful Expressions1Useful Expressions 1. 排行榜排行榜 a hit parade 2. 严格地说严格地说 strictly speaking 3. 对我们真正至关重要的事对我们真正至关重要的事 the things that really matter to us 4. 发表演说发表演说

183、 make a speech 5. 为了加强效果为了加强效果 for effect 6. 系统的研究系统的研究 a systematic study 7. 起源于起源于 descend from Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Useful Expressions2come up with drift wes

184、t pass on to us enjoy oneself rear/raise a child the Normans conquered England common people 8. 提出提出 9. 向西漂泊向西漂泊 10. 留传给我们留传给我们 11. 日子过得开心日子过得开心12. 抚养孩子抚养孩子13. 诺曼人征服英国诺曼人征服英国14. 平民百姓平民百姓Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter Reading

185、Detailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Useful Expressions315. 印刷机印刷机a printing press16. 大量新思想大量新思想a wealth of new thinking 17. 欧洲文艺复兴欧洲文艺复兴the European Renaissance 18. 失控失控be out of control 19. 付诸实施付诸实施put into practice 20. 个人自由的崇尚者个人自由的崇尚者a respecter of the liberties of each individualUnit

186、7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading21. 开拓新路开拓新路strike out new path 22. 培育了培育了的准则的准则nourish the principles of 23. 人权人权the rights of man 24. 知识精英知识精英an intellectual elite AR_Useful Exp

187、ressions4Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDirections: Work in groups and brainstorm as many words as possible that are related to the topic Chinese Language. Brainstorm standa

188、rd Chinese Han nationality dialect working language United Nation overseas Chinese mother tongue AR_BrainstormUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDirections: Listen to the passag

189、e and answer the following questions.Respond 1. What does the Chinese language usually refer to?It refers to the standard language and its dialect. 93.3%. 2. What percentage of the Han nationality accounts for the total population?AR_Respond1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The gloriou

190、s messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading3. Why do we say the Chinese language is very important in the world? Because it is one of the five working languages in the United Nations. 4. How many overseas Chinese and persons of Chinese decent

191、in Southeast Asia speak Chinese language?Its more than 10 million. 5. According to this passage, what was the worlds population when the passage was written?About 5 billion. AR_Respond2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingD

192、etailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading6. How long has the Chinese language been spoken? More than 6,000 years. AR_Respond3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingChinese Languag

193、e Our Mother Tongue The Chinese language usually refers to the standard language and its dialects used by the Han nationality which makes up 93.3% of the total population. Most of the minority nationalities in China have their own languages. Both numerically (从从数数量量上上来来讲讲) and in the extent of its d

194、istribution, Chinese is the most important language in China and also one of the five official working languages of the United Nations. It is also one of the richest and highly developed languages in the world. Chinese is also spoken by many overseas Chinese: it is the common language of more than 1

195、0 million overseasAR_Chinese Language Our Mother Tongue 1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingChinese and persons of Chinese descent in Southeast Asia alone. At present, more than

196、 one billion people, approximately 1/5 of the worlds population, speak Chinese as their mother tongue. A written form of the language was developed as early as 6,000 years ago. From the point of view of its origin, it belongs to the Sino-Tibetan languages family (汉汉藏语系藏语系, ,包括汉语、西藏语、缅甸语等包括汉语、西藏语、缅甸语

197、等). AR_Chinese Language Our Mother Tongue 2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readinga) I you both a very pleasant journey. AR_Synonyms 1Directions: Choose a suitable word from the giv

198、en pairs to complete the following sentences and try to figure out the difference in meaning. SynonymsSome words, like wish and want, raise and rear, royal, kingly and sovereign, come very close in meaning but are not interchangeable in some contexts.1. want/wish wish _Unit 7 The glorious messiness

199、of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingb) Ann, I am sorry. I I had never said that to you. c) My parents me to give you their best regards. d) We do not to waste our money on such worthless things. wish/want _wi

200、sh _want _b) “Im sorry I called you a pig.” “My is thick enough; it didnt bother me.”c) This pair of boots is made of buffalo They are very durable.a) This is the best lotion Ive ever known for care. 2. skin/hide skin _hide _ . hide/skin _AR_Synonyms 2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 T

201、he glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingd) I dont need a knife; I can peel the off with my fingers. skin _3. raise/rear b) You cannot corn here. The climate is not right for it. c) The couple agreed that to the children properly t

202、hey need two incomes. a) The male bird helps the female to the young.d) He worked hard to himself from poverty. raise _raise _rear/raise _rear/raise _AR_Synonyms 3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal

203、ReadingBefore Readingb) The young mans bearing (仪仪态态) has won him many admirers. c) When did India gain its independence and become a state? a) The British family has been the focus of media attention in recent weeks.d) With his health restored, he is now ready to resume his duties. 4. royal/kingly/

204、sovereign royal/kingly _royal _sovereign _kingly/royal _AR_Synonyms 4Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingDirections: In this part, you can see four pictures and each picture show

205、s the different meaning of body language both in China and U.S. At the same time, you can also see the different phrases or expressions showing the meaning of the different pictures. Youre required to match the picture with the phrases by drawing the phrases into the proper places. Body Language AR_

206、Body Language1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingconsidered impolite; making people embarrassed, self-consciousapplauding oneself; improper, immodestcuriosity, sometimes surpris

207、ecalling for silencethank you; mutual positive feelingsgiving comfort, consolation or encouragement; also showing affectiondisapproval, hissing (用嘘声用嘘声责骂)patting the head of children to show affection; patting the head of a teenager or adult causing displeasureABCDEFGHAR_Body Language2Unit 7 The glo

208、rious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingNo.1No.2No.3No.4Meaning in China Meaning in U. S. No.1No.2No.3No.4No.1No.2No.3No.4ABCDEFGH( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )AR_Body Language3Unit 7 The glorious messi

209、ness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Body Language4Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore

210、 ReadingAR_Body Language5Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Body Language6Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Readin

211、gAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Body Language7Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSentence Translation 1. That happy tolerance, that willingness to a

212、ccept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language. 这这种种乐乐意意包包容容的的精精神神，这这种种不不管管源源自自何何方方都都来来者者不不拒拒的的精精神神，恰恰好好解解释释了了英英语语为为什什么么会会这这样样丰丰富富，解解释释了了英英语语缘缘何何在很大程度上成了第一种真正的国际语言。在很大程度上成了第一种真正的国际语言。 AR_Sentence Translation1U

213、nit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading如如果果不不是是多多少少世世纪纪以以来来英英国国人人一一向向崇崇尚尚个个人人自自由由，如如果果不不是是人人人人都都能能自自由由地地为为自自己己开开拓拓新新的的道道路路，英英语语就就不不会会成成为为今天的英语。今天的英语。 2. A systematic study revealed t

214、hat many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.系系统统的的研研究究显显示示，许许多多现现代代语语言言起起源源于于一一个个共共同同的的母母语语，但由于没有文字记载，该母语已经失传。但由于没有文字记载，该母语已经失传。 3. The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great r

215、especters of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.AR_Sentence Translation2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading4. English may bec

216、ome one tool that opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to opportunities, and expands our minds to new ideas.英英语语可可能能成成为为人人们们了了解解世世界界、开开启启机机遇遇大大门门、扩扩展展思思路路、接纳新思想的一种接纳新思想的一种工具。工具。 5. 而而演演说说中中使使用用我我们们语语言言中中的的古古词词汇汇具具有有直直接接拨拨动动心心弦弦的的效效果。果。Yet there is something direct to the heart that speaks to us

217、 from the earliest words in our language. AR_Sentence Translation3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThe world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. 6.

218、 希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册。希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册。Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page. 7. 到到20102010年，将英语作为第二语言或外语使用的人数将超过年，将英语作为第二语言或外语使用的人数将超过以英语为母语的人数。以英语为母语的人数。By 20102010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of

219、native speakers. 8. 世界正处于变革之中，英语将会出现新的形式。世界正处于变革之中，英语将会出现新的形式。AR_Sentence Translation4Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_WritingPractice1Graph Writing Cause and effect essays

220、 are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft this type of essay:Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupp

221、lementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingA brief introductionGraph writing, in fact, is a way to transfer information into written language from a graph or chart.Here the word “graph” refers to Graphs, Charts, and Tables. Graphs and charts are pictures which show num

222、bers or figures, and tables are just rows and columns of information.Usually, graph writing consists of three parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Introduction should describe the purpose of report and say what overall trends you see. Body should describe the most important trends, while all in

223、formation is summarized1.2.3.AR_WritingPractice2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingto avoid unnecessary details. Conclusion should sum up the global trends shown on the figure a

224、nd compare them if possible.In order to have a better composition, the writer should be familiar with some special expressions in graph writing. (Details can be seen in Some common connects below)4.AR_WritingPractice3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSup

225、plementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAn exampleDirections: Write a composition entitled “Leading Causes of Road Accidents in China”. The composition should be based on the following graph.Others Motor Vehicles Bicycles PedestriansPercentage of AccidentsAR_An exa

226、mple1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingYour composition should be in three paragraphs: 1. introduce the causes;2. report the information given in the graph;3. conclude the comp

227、osition by giving some suggestions.AR_An example2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingLeading Causes of Road Accidents in China With the development of the cities, the road accide

228、nt is becoming a more and more serious problem in China. The information represented in the graph, which depicts the leading causes of road accidents in China, indicates that most accidents are caused by motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians.In the graph we can clearly see that motor vehicles ar

229、e responsible for most of the road accidents, namely about 50% of them. Bicycles account for 35% of the accidents and pedestrians caused nearly 10%. These results indicate that motor vehicles can thus be regarded as the enemy of theAR_Leading Causes of Road1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUn

230、it 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingwhole society, especially when the peoples life is taken into consideration.Since we know that motor vehicles are the leading cause of road accidents in China, we should take some meas

231、ures to prevent them from happening. First, we should make a law to punish any violators of traffic regulations. Then, cyclists should use hand signals to warn other road users of their intentions. Last but not least, the department concerned should educate ordinary people to walk on a zebra crossin

232、g or overpass when they cross a street. All in all, its time for us to attach great importance to this problem.AR_Leading Causes of Road2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_so

233、meuseful1Some useful expressions in graph writing 1. The picture shows.2. This table shows the differences between.3. The diagram represents4. The chart above indicates5. The information represented in the graph indicates6. As can be seen from the chart, 7. As is shown in the bar graph, there were8.

234、 From the diagram it can be seen clearly that9. From these figures one can easily see thatUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_someuseful510. According to the graph given above

235、, we can see that 11. This is an illustration of/a typical example of12. There was a great/slight increase/rise.13. There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop14. Take the above chart as an example,Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Reading

236、After ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingHomework Directions: Write a composition entitled “Us Spending Patterns, 1966-1996” based on the following pie charts.AR_Homework1Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter Readin

237、gDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThe pie charts show changes in American spendingpatternsbetween1966and1996.Food and cars made up the two biggest items ofexpenditureinbothyears.Togethertheycomprisedoverhalfofhousehold spending. Foodaccountedfor44%ofspendingin1966,butthisdroppedbytwothird

238、s to14%in1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from23%in1966 to45%in1996.Otherareaschangedsignificantly.Spendingoneatingoutdoubled,climbingfrom7%to14%.Theproportionofsalaryspentoncomputersincreaseddramatically,upAR_Homework2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious mess

239、iness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Homework 3from1%in1996to10%in1996.However,ascomputerexpenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on booksplungedfrom6%to1%.Someareasremainedrelativelyunchanged.Americansspentapproximatelythesame amountofsa

240、laryonpetrolandfurnitureinbothyears.In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars,computers,andeatingoutweremadeupfor bydropsinexpenditureonfoodandbooks.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBe

241、fore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures1Talk about the Pictures Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The g

242、lorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures4Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk a

243、bout the Pictures5Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures6Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Rea

244、dingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures7Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures8Unit 7 The glorious messine

245、ss of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Talk about the Pictures9Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Readi

246、ngBefore ReadingAR_Spot Dictation 11. Speech is silver, silence is gold.Proverbs and Quotations雄辩是银，沉默是金。雄辩是银，沉默是金。2. Speech is the index/picture of the mind.3. Speech shows what a man is.言为心声。言为心声。听其言而知其人。听其言而知其人。Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupple

247、mentary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Spot Dictation 24. A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. Karl Marx, German revolutionary外国语是人生斗争的武器。外国语是人生斗争的武器。 德国哲学家德国哲学家 K.马克思马克思 5. Grammar must be learned through language, and not language through gram

248、mar. Johann G. Herdor, German philosopher 必须从语言中学习语法，而不是从语法中学习语言必须从语言中学习语法，而不是从语法中学习语言 德国哲学家德国哲学家 J.G. 赫尔德赫尔德 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingAR_Spot Dictation 36. Speech is

249、a mirror of soul; as a man speaks, so is he. Ephraem Syrus, American writer 语言是心灵的镜子；一个人只要说话，他说的话就是语言是心灵的镜子；一个人只要说话，他说的话就是他心灵的镜子。他心灵的镜子。 美国作家美国作家 E. 塞拉斯塞拉斯 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading

250、Before ReadingSR_mainCulture NotesReadingComprehension TasksUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Culture NotesCulture NotesFromEnglishtoPanglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of

251、 EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Comprehension TasksComprehension TasksTaskOne:TableCompletionTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswersUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSup

252、plementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_From English to Panglish1From English to PanglishDirections: You are required to read the words while listening to the following passage and then have a dialogue about the pros and cons of Internet.We know that English is

253、the prevailing world language, and that Chinglish should be avoided. However, a new global tongue, called “Panglish”, is expected to overtake traditional English in the coming decades.The language of Shakespeare and Dickens is evolving into a new, simplified form of English that willUnit 7 The glori

254、ous messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_From English to Panglish2be spoken by billions of people around the world. The changes are being driven by people who speak English as a second language, N

255、ew Scientist magazine reports. According to the report, Panglish will be similar to the versions of English used by non-native speakers.Linguists say Panglish will lose some of the English sounds which non-native speakers find difficult to pronounce. For instance, the “th” sounds in “this” and “thin

256、” might be replaced by “z” or “s”, respectively. The short “l” sound in “hotel” might be replaced with the longer “l” of “lady”.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingConsonants at

257、the end of words may be dropped. So “friend” may be pronounced as “frien” and “send” as “sen”. Group nouns like “information” and “furniture” which dont have plural versions could vanish. Therefore, it may become acceptable in Panglish to talk about “informations” and “furnitures”.Non-English speake

258、rs often forget the “s” at the end of third person singular verbs like “he runs” or “she walks”. In Panglish, people may say “he talk” or “she eat”.SR_From English to Panglish3Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed R

259、eadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading“By 2010, around 2 billion people, or a third of the worlds population, will speak English as a second language. In contrast, just 350 million people will speak it as a first language. By 2020, the number of native speakers will be down to 300 million,” the Daily Ma

260、il newspaper predicts.Unlike French, which is protected from corruption by the Academie Francaise, there is no organization to guard the English language.SR_From English to Panglish4Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDeta

261、iled ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading The global spread of English over the last 40 years has been remarkable. It is unparalleled in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language; by its depth of penetration into societies; by its range of functions.SR_Reading_text1The Role of E

262、nglish in the 21st Century Melvyn A. HasmanWondering whether all the time and effort spent learning English is worthwhile? Here are some good reasons why it is.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Rea

263、dingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_text2Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the worlds population speaks some English. And at present one in five over one billion people are learning English. Over 70% of the worlds scientists read Engli

264、sh. About 85% of the worlds mail is written in English. And 90% of all information in the worlds electronic retrieval systems is stored in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers. This trend will certainly aff

265、ect the language. English is used for more purposes than ever before.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingWhen Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France, they and the ground c

266、ontrollers use English. When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English. When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian businessmen, SR_Reading_text3Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of

267、speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment. What began some 1,500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.Unit 7 The

268、 glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingThree factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce; the ability to integrate vocabulary f

269、rom other languages; and the acceptability of various English dialects. SR_Reading_text5they negotiate in English. When pop singers write their songs, they often use English. When demonstrators want to alert the world to their problems, they display signs in English.In science, English replaced Germ

270、an after World War II. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall dominance by the language, first in Europe and then globally.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Read

271、ingBefore Reading Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economies from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our wor

272、ld. In less than 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed work, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-aided communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and

273、individual style. SR_Reading_text6Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_text7 English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic grammar. But most i

274、mportantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80% is foreign. It has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic m

275、akes it unique in history. Finally, no English language central authority guards the standards of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of g r

276、 a m m a r a n d o n e s e t o f c o r e v o c a b u l a r y . Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_text8Thus, each country that speaks the language can introduce aspec

277、ts of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary. However, the future is unpredictable. There has never been a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English. So, there are no examples to help us predict what happens to a language when it achieves genuine world status. The world

278、 is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting new patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplem

279、entary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading English is ridding itself of its political and cultural associations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally. It belongs to whoever uses it

280、for whatever purpose or need. SR_Reading_text9There is no reason to believe that any one other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English. However, it is possible that English will not remain unchallenged in the 21st century. Rather, a small number of languages may share in imp

281、ortance each with a special area of influence. For example, Spanish is rising because of expanding trade and the increase of the Latino population in the United States. This could create a bilingual English-Spanish region.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of Engli

282、shSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_text10A language shift, in which individuals change their language loyalties, is another possibility. These shifts are slow and difficult to predict. But within the next 50 years substantial language shifts co

283、uld occur as economic development affects more countries.Because of these shifts in loyalties, more languages may disappear. Those remaining will rapidly get more native speakers. This includes English.Universities using English as the medium of instruction will expand and rapidly create a generatio

284、n of middle-class professionals. Economic development will only increase the middle class, a group that is more likely to learn and use English in jobs.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefo

285、re ReadingSR_Reading_text11While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of their governments political power, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and shifts in population will have more influence on languages.English

286、 has been an international language for only 50 years. If the pattern follows the previous language trends, we still have about 100 years before a new language dominates the world. However, this does not mean that English is replacing or will replace other languages as many fear. Instead, it may sup

287、plement or co-exist with languages by allowing strangersUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_text12to communicate across language boundaries. It may become one tool tha

288、t opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to opportunities, and expands our minds to new ideas.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_rangerange: n. the limits wit

289、hin which sth. exists, operates, or is effectiveAn earthquake occurred within the range of 300 km around the city. Animals can sometimes hear sounds beyond the range of human hearing. 动物有时可以听到超出人类的听觉范围的声音。动物有时可以听到超出人类的听觉范围的声音。Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of E

290、nglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_exceedexceed: vt. go beyond in quantity, degree, etc. The shops Christmas Season revenue exceeded their wildest expectations The civilian death toll in Iraq exceeded 100,000 by 1st October, 2004. 到到20

291、042004年年1010月月1 1日日为为止止，伊伊拉拉克克平平民民的的死死亡亡人人数数超超过过了了1010万人。万人。Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_MANAGEMENTmanagement: n. the art or practice of managing, esp. of

292、a business or moneyManagement is both a science and an art. 管理既是一门科学也是一门艺术。管理既是一门科学也是一门艺术。She plans to study hotel management in Switzerland next year. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefo

293、re ReadingSR_Reading_word_crudecrude: adj. not refinedThe term “crude oil” refers to petroleum directly out of the ground.Soybeans in their crude form are inedible. “原油原油”这个术语是指直接来自地下的石油。这个术语是指直接来自地下的石油。 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Re

294、adingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_conductconduct: vt. carry out or direct 宇航员在哥伦比亚号宇宙飞船上进行实验。宇航员在哥伦比亚号宇宙飞船上进行实验。Astronauts conducted experiments onboard spacecraft Columbia. Well-conducted dialogues are valuable ways for exploring ideas within our communit

295、y. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_contributeto个人行为，环境因素和遗传特征都会导致疾病的复杂性。个人行为，环境因素和遗传特征都会导致疾病的复杂性。contribute to: help to causeThe involvement in a romantic tri

296、angle may have contributed to the decline of her mental health. Individual behaviors, environmental factors, and genetics all contribute to the complexity of diseases. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGl

297、obal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_integrateintegrate: vi. cause to become a member, make into a whole由于经济全球化，我国也必须融入世界经济中去。由于经济全球化，我国也必须融入世界经济中去。 Older students form clubs to integrate into campus life.Our country must also integrate into the world economy because of globalization. Unit 7 Th

298、e glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingWhat is your overall impression of the new Apple computer? SR_Reading_word_overalloverall: adj. including everything 你对新品苹果电脑的总体印象如何？你对新品苹果电脑的总体印象如何？Re

299、tail sales continued the overall downturn trend.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_transformtransform: vt. change completely in form, appearance or nature水能把一片不毛

300、之地变成一座花园。水能把一片不毛之地变成一座花园。Her whole posture was totally transformed: head up, shoulders back and down, and there was a confidence in her step that Id never seen before. Water can transform a desert into a garden. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSuppleme

301、ntary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_givewaytogive way to: yield to阳光明媚，温暖舒适的星期六过后可能就是一个暴风骤阳光明媚，温暖舒适的星期六过后可能就是一个暴风骤雨的星期日。雨的星期日。The sunny, mild Saturday may give way to a stormy Sunday. Though in many people the habit of reading and writing has given w

302、ay to the habit of listening and seeing, it can never be totally discarded. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_characteristiccharacteristic: n. a quality or feat

303、ure that is typical of sth. or sb. 不喝水还能长时间生存的能力是骆驼的一个特点。不喝水还能长时间生存的能力是骆驼的一个特点。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. Decisiveness is a characteristic of high-performing men and women. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness

304、of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_uniqueunique: adj. being the only one of its kind研究人员已经识别出一种人类和其同类猿所特有的基因。研究人员已经识别出一种人类和其同类猿所特有的基因。Researchers have identified a gene unique to humans and their ape kin. Youve come to the right pl

305、ace to find unique gifts of style and quality. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_authorityauthority: n. person(s) having the power or right to give orders and m

306、ake others obey 他是环境保护方面的权威人士。他是环境保护方面的权威人士。He is a great authority on environmental protection. The law allows authorities to take DNA samples from anyone convicted of a felony (重罪重罪).Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingD

307、etailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_tonameafewto name a few: give just a few examples 中国有很多大城市，比如上海、北京、重庆、武汉等。中国有很多大城市，比如上海、北京、重庆、武汉等。There are many big cities in China Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Wuhan to name a few. There are hundreds of preset visual effects available (sm

308、oke, fire, explosions, sparkles, fireworks, just to name a few) in this animation program. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSecurity is an aspect of freedom because no one who

309、 is unsafe is free. SR_Reading_word_aspectaspect: n. an element or side of a situation or idea 安全是自由的一个方面，因为没有一个具有不安全感的安全是自由的一个方面，因为没有一个具有不安全感的人会是自由的。人会是自由的。The poem offers possibilities for gaining fresh insights into other aspects of late medieval literary culture. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of

310、 EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_predictpredict: declare or tell in advance 卫卫星星图图（Satellite imagery）在在预预测测自自然然灾灾害害方方面面正正在在起起着重要作用。着重要作用。 Satellite imagery is now playing an important role in

311、 predicting natural disasters. Today, there are many active volcanoes worldwide. Is there anything we can do to predict how and when they will erupt? Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore

312、 ReadingSR_Reading_word_intransitionin transition: in the course of changing into another state or condition家庭和学校的紧密联系可以为转型期的儿童提供无缝支持。家庭和学校的紧密联系可以为转型期的儿童提供无缝支持。A strong home and school connection can create a seamless web of support for children in transition. American higher education is in transit

313、ion in terms of the way colleges and universities are organized and function.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_rideonselfofrid oneself of: free oneself from要使自己

314、摆脱一位因逗留过久而使人生厌的客人是一件要使自己摆脱一位因逗留过久而使人生厌的客人是一件很困难的事。很困难的事。It is a tough job ridding oneself of a guest who has overstayed his/her welcome. Artistic expression will help Susanna rid herself of built-up emotional junk, and then she can move on. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious

315、 messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_word_subatantialsubstantial: of considerable size, degree, extent, etc. 护士的工作环境要有重大的改观，以确保他们能够最好护士的工作环境要有重大的改观，以确保他们能够最好地照顾病人。地照顾病人。Substantial changes are required in nurses working environ

316、ment to ensure that they can best take care of patients. Delta Air Lines reported a “substantial”loss this year and warned it may have to seek bankruptcy protection if its financial situation worsens.Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary Readin

317、gAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Readingdominate: have control of or a very strong influence on 巴勒斯坦新内阁中占主导地位的是一些新当选的官员巴勒斯坦新内阁中占主导地位的是一些新当选的官员The new Palestinian cabinet is dominated by new faces. The movie Titanic dominated the weekend box office. SR_Reading_word_dominateUnit 7 Th

318、e glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_Sentence1It is unparalleled in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language; by its depth of penetration into societies;

319、by its range of functions.Translate the sentence into Chinese. 这一过程在几个方面都是前所未有的：英语使用人这一过程在几个方面都是前所未有的：英语使用人数的增加，英语在不同社会渗透的深度，以及英语数的增加，英语在不同社会渗透的深度，以及英语功用的广度。功用的广度。 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal

320、 ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_Sentence2What began some 1,500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.Translate the sentence into Chinese.大约大约15001500年前，英语还只是那些入侵英格兰的鲜为年前，英语还只是那些入侵英格兰的鲜为人知的日耳曼部落使用的一种粗俗的语言，如今它人知的日耳曼部落使

321、用的一种粗俗的语言，如今它却遍及全球。却遍及全球。 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Reading_Sentence3While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of

322、 their governments political power, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and shifts in population will have more influence on languages.Translate the sentence into Chinese. 虽然英语、德语和法语这些语言曾经凭着各自政府的虽然英语、德语和法语这些语言曾经凭着各自政府的政治力量而成为国际语言，这种情况在经济和人口变政治力量而成为国际语言，这种情况在经济和人口变化

323、对语言的影响更大的化对语言的影响更大的2121世纪不太可能发生。世纪不太可能发生。 Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_ComprehensionTasks1TOEFL or IELTS?Here is a passage about two famous English tests in the world T

324、OEFL and IELTS. After you listen to it, you are required to finish the following tasks.Task One: Table CompletionDirections: Listen to the passage three times and complete the following table with the information from the passage. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness

325、 of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingTOEFL IELTS Number of county having the test Number of examinee per year Form of test Cost of test 180 1 million paper test；iBT；spoken test $150; $150200; $ 125 121 paper test $160 1 million SR_ComprehensionTask

326、s2Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_ComprehensionTasks3Directions: Now listen to the passage again and answer the following questions according to the information from the p

327、assage. Task Two: Questions and Answers1. What do TOEFL and IELTS stand for respectively?TOEF stands for “the Test of English as a Foreign Language” while IELTS for “the International English Language Testing System”. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSu

328、pplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_ComprehensionTasks42. How many colleges and universities in USA are recognizing the IELTS now?2,000. 3. How is the speaking test done with the IELTS?It is done in the form of a live interview. Thats to say, a candidate sh

329、ould speak with a certified examiner. 4. What does TOEFL iBT mean?It means Internet-based test. It is a computer version of TOEFL. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingSR_Comprehe

330、nsionTasks55. Is the TOEFL paper test the same as TOEFL iBT? No, the paper test only tests reading, listening and writing while TOEFL iBT tests one more speaking. 6. Are the reading and writing tests in the IELTS the same?No, they are designed for academic or general training. 7. Who developed the I

331、ELTS?Institutions in Britain and Australia jointly developed it. Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Most American colleges and universities accept one or both of the two major

332、tests. One is the Test of English as a Foreign Language, known as the TOEFL. The other is the International English Language Testing System, or IELTS. The TOEFL is given in one hundred eighty countries. The competing IELTS is given in one hundred twenty-one countries. One million people each year ta

333、ke the TOEFL, says Tom Ewing, a spokesman for the Educational Testing Service. Same with the IELTS, says Beryl Meiron, the executive director of IELTS International. SR_ComprehensionTasks6Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter Readi

334、ngDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading She says two thousand colleges and universities in the United States now recognize the IELTS. Schools might accept it only for undergraduate or graduate admission or both. The IELTS is a paper test, while the TOEFL is given on paper only in places where

335、 a computer test is unavailable. The TOEFL paper test costs one hundred fifty dollars. It tests reading, listening and writing. A separate Test of Spoken English costs one hundred twenty-five dollars. The computer version is called the TOEFL iBT, orSR_ComprehensionTasks7Unit 7 The glorious messiness

336、 of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading The TOEFL iBT and the IELTS both measure all four language skills listening, reading, writing and speaking. But with the IELTS, the speaking test is done separately as a

337、live interview. You speak with an examiner who is certified in ESOL English for speakers of other languages. Everyone takes the same speaking and listening tests. But there is a choice of two kinds of reading and writing tests either academic or general training.Internet-based test. The price is dif

338、ferent in each country, but generally falls between one hundred fifty and two hundred dollars.SR_ComprehensionTasks8Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading IELTS International says

339、the test measures true-to-life ability to communicate in English for education, immigration and employment. Institutions in Britain and Australia jointly developed it. The cost is different in each country. But Beryl Meiron says the price in local currency is generally comparable to about one hundred sixty dollars. The IELTS Web site is ielts.org. The TOEFL Web site is toefl.org. SR_ComprehensionTasks9