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1、definitioncompound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.classificationCompoundNounsCompoundadjectiv
2、esCompoundVerbsCompoundNounsAcompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.threeformsforcompoundnouns1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedr
3、oom）A.noun+noun：honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+workdinningroom:dinning+roomkingship:king+shipsnowman:snow+mansnowball:snow+ballsnowfall:snow+fallboyhood：boy+hoodhitchhiker:hitch+hikerskyjacker:sky+jackerfootball:foot+balldaydream:day+dreamshoelace:shoe+laceweekend:week+endclassroom:class+roomfire
4、-fly（萤火虫）:fire+flyboy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friendpoliceman:police+manB.adjective+nounfullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路)：clear+wayeasy-chair（安乐椅）:easy+chairredhead:red+headfreshwater:fresh+waterhardwood:hard+woodgrandfather:grand+fatherblackboard:black+boardsoftware:soft+ware(制品；器具；货物)freshman:fresh+man
5、shorthand(速记）:short+handdeadline:dead+linewasteland:waste+landC.Verb+noun:breakfastbreakwaterdrivewaychatroomjumpsuit(跳伞服）workexperienceswearwordplayboypickpocketDverb(-ing)+noun：washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclasswritingdeskwritingpaperchewinggumreadinglampwaitinglistdivingboard跳板driv
6、inglicense驾驶执照landingcard登陆卡E.Noun+verb/（-ing）sunrisehaircutnightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfridefruitpickinglorrydriving开运货汽车coalminingweightliftingbirdwatchinghandwritingbookkeepingF.adverb+nounonlookerbystander(旁观者）under-clothesafter-effectupgradeoverburdenunderworlddownfall(垮台，大雨，衰败）overcoatG.adver
7、b+verbOver(结束）throwinputoutputoutletupset(翻倒，混乱）upturnUpstartonflow(湍流）outbreakoutcomeVerb+preposition:check-out/intake-offget-togetherNoun+prepositionalphrasemother/father-in-lawPronunciationCompoundnounstendtohavemorestressonthefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.agreenhouse=placewherewegro
8、wplants(compoundnoun)agreen house=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)abluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)ablue bird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnounPluralformsofcompoundnounsIngeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothebaseword(themostsignificantword).Lookattheseexamples:singularplura
9、latennisshoethreetennisshoesoneassistantheadmasterfiveassistantheadmastersthesergeantmajor（军士长）somesergeantsmajoramother-in-lawTwomothers-in-lawanassistantsecretaryofstatethreeassistantsecretariesofstatemytoothbrushourtoothbrushesawoman-doctorfourwomen-doctorsadoctorofphilosophytwodoctorsofphilosoph
10、yapasserby,apasser-bytwopassersby,twopassers-byBecareful!deadpresidentbusybodymaddoctor=ThePsychiatristconfidencemandressingroomhorsesensecapitalideafamiliartalkwhitemanGreekgiftCompoundnounquizUsingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?1.aroomforstoresastoreroom2.thehusbandofmydaughtermyso
11、n-in-law3.twoperiodsofthreemonthstwothree-monthperiodsCompoundadjectives1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheyc
12、omeafter(Theactoriswell known).3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidly changing)areusuallynothyphenated.Examples:1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.(Four-footisanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolinkfourandfoottoshowthatitisoneadjective.)2.Itisa6-pagedocument.3.Cla
13、ireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.http:/ verb,whichcarriesanyinflections,indicatingtense,mood,oraspect,butprovidesonlyfineshadesofmeaning.Theother,primary“componentisaverbornounwhichcarriesmostofthesemanticsofthecompound,anddeterminesitsarguments.Dontunderestimateh
14、erpotential.Inthissentence,underestimateisacompoundverbwhichcontainstwomorphemes,underandestimate.1.noun+verb:sleepwalkwindsurfbrainwashcross-questionsidestep2.adjective+nounwhitewashdry-cleansafeguardblacklistfast-talk3.adverb+verb:downloadoverthrowovertakedownsizeupgradeupliftupbuildoverrateundere
15、stimateoutgooutdoouteatoutrun(超过；跑得比快)off-load1.Conversion（转化法）2.Back-formation(逆生法）Usually:dancer&dancing(dance+-er&-ing）Conversiontonicknamenicknametospotlightspotlighttohoneymoonhoneymoontooutlineoutlinetomachine-gunmachine-gunBack-formationtomass-producemass-productiontoproof-read(校对）proofreadingtochain-smokechainsmokertospeed-readspeed-readingtosoft-landsoftlandingtosight-seesight-seeingtotape-recordtaperecorder
