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1、Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.第一节冷热不均引起大气运动Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli
2、ent Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1大气的受热过程。2冷热不均引起大气运动热力环流，大气的水平运动。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011
3、 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、大气的受热过程1地球大气最重要的能量来源是。太阳太阳辐射能射能Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created
4、 with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2大气受热过程(1)太阳短波辐射(图中A)穿过大气过程中，部分被大气吸收或反射，大部分到达地面，并被地面和反射。吸收吸收Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose
5、.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)地面吸收太阳辐射能增温，又以辐射(图中B)的形式把热量传递给大气，使大气增温，因此 是近地面大气主要的直接的热源。(3) 补偿了地面辐射损失的热量。长波波地面地面大气逆大气逆辐射射Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation onl
6、y.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3意义：大气的受热过程影响着大气的热状况、分布和变化，制约着大气的运动状况。温度温度Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides f
7、or .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.大气对太阳辐射的吸收具有选择性：臭氧吸收太阳紫外线；水汽、二氧化碳等吸收波长较长的红外线，大气对太阳辐射中的能量最集中的可见光部分吸收较少。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for
8、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、热力环流1大气运动的根本原因：太阳辐射能 的，造成高低纬度间的。2热力环流的形成纬度分布不均度分布不均温度差异温度差异Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C
9、lient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.在热力环流中，高空的气压高低与近地面相反。高压、低压是针对同一水平面而言的，在同一个垂直空气柱上，越往高处气压值越低。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile
10、 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、大气的水平运动风1形成的直接原因：。水平气水平气压梯度力梯度力Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
11、 Ltd.2风的受力状况与风向图示Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受力状况只受图中F的影响受图中F1的共同影响受图中F1和F3摩擦力的共同影响风向垂直于 指向 与等压线 与等压
12、线 水平气水平气压梯度力梯度力水平气水平气压梯度力梯度力与与F2地地转偏向力偏向力水平气水平气压梯度梯度力、力、F2地地转偏向力偏向力等等压线低低压平行平行成一成一夹角角Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 As
13、pose Pty Ltd.三种力的不同特点(1)水平气压梯度力：大气运动的原动力，既影响风向，又影响风速。(2)地转偏向力：与风向垂直，只影响风向，不影响风速。在风速相同的情况下其随纬度降低而减小。(3)摩擦力：与风向相反，既影响风速也影响风向。近地面最显著，高度愈高，作用愈弱，高空忽略不计。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Sli
14、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.由上图可知，大气对地面的保温作用主要包括三个方面：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyrig
15、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1“太阳暖大地”除臭氧和氧原子吸收一部分波长较短的紫外线，水汽和二氧化碳吸收波长较长的红外线外，能量较强的可见光被吸收的很少，绝大部分透过大气射到地面，地面因吸收太阳辐射能增温。2“大地暖大气”地面增温向外辐射的是长波辐射，除少数透过大气返回宇宙空间外，绝大部分被近地面大气中的水汽和二氧化碳吸收，使大气增温。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Eva
16、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3“大气返大地”大气在增温的同时也向外辐射热量，其中大部分射向地面，称为大气逆辐射。这样大气逆辐射把热量还给地面，在一定程度上补偿了地面辐射损失的热量，对地面起到了保温作用。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Asp
17、ose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.分析这类问题，关键是弄清大气热力作用过程中从太阳辐射到大气逆辐射按顺序排列的关系：太阳辐射地面吸收地面增温地面辐射大气吸收大气增温大气辐射大气逆辐射。如下图所示。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004
18、-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
19、 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1热力环流的形成原理热力环流是由地面冷热不均而形成的一种环流形式，结合等压面利用示意图对其形成过程分析如下：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profil
20、e 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2常见的热力环流形式(1)海陆风：白天陆地增温比海洋快，造成近地面的陆地气压低于海洋，于是风就由海洋吹向大陆，形成海风；夜晚陆地降温快于海洋，近地面形成高压，风由大陆吹向海洋，形成陆风，如下图所示：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides
21、 for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)山谷风：白天山坡上空增温比谷底上空快，形成低压，风从谷底吹向山顶；夜晚，山坡上空降温比谷底上空快，形成高压，风从山顶吹向谷底。如下图所示。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides
22、 for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(3)沙漠与森林之间的热力环流白天在太阳照射下，沙漠地区增温强烈，气温高，空气上升，在高空形成高气压，在近地面形成低气压，而林区升温慢，气温相对较低，空气下沉，在近地面形成高压，高空形成低压，于是在近地面风由林区吹向沙漠地区，在高空风由沙漠地区吹向林区(如图a)；夜间正好相反(如图b)。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyr
23、ight 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(4)其他：如市区与郊区之间的热力环流、青藏高原与其东部平原之间的热力环流等。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Eva
24、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1常见等压线图的组成要素Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
25、Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(1)低压：由闭合等压线构成的低气压区，气压值由中心向外增大。(2)高压：由闭合等压线构成的高气压区，气压值由中心向外减小。(3)低压槽：由低压延伸出来的狭长区域，简称槽。低压槽中各条等压线上弯曲最大处的连线叫槽线。(4)高压脊：由高压延伸出来的狭长区域，简称脊。高压脊附近气压比两侧要高，在高压脊中各等压线弯曲最大处的连线叫脊线。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copy
26、right 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2等压线与风(1)风力：同一等压线图上，等压线密集，风力大；等压线稀疏，风力小。相邻两条等压线数值差越大，水平气压梯度越大，风力越大；相邻两条等压线数值差越小，水平气压梯度越小，风力越小。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clien
27、t Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)风向：在等压线图上，任一地点风向的画法如下：第一步在等压线图中，按要求画出过该点的切线并作垂直于切线的虚线，箭头由高压指向低压，但并非一定指向低压中心，用来表示水平气压梯度力的方向。第二步确定南、北半球后，面向水平气压梯度力方向向左或向右偏转3045角，画出实
28、线箭头，即过该点的风向。以北半球为例。如下图所示。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for
29、.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2009年高考广东地理卷)地面辐射与地面吸收的大气逆辐射之差称为有效辐射。读图并结合所学知识，回答(1)(2)题。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie
30、nt Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.黄河流域多年平均年有效辐射总量等值线图(单位：MJ/m2)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspo
31、se Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(1)关于甲、乙、丙三地多年平均年有效辐射总量的空间分布，下列叙述正确的是()A由甲地向乙地急剧增加B由乙地向丙地急剧增加C由甲地向丙地逐渐减少D由丙地向乙地逐渐减少Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 200
32、4-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)关于地面辐射和大气逆辐射，下列叙述不正确的是()A地面辐射与下垫面性质有关B地面温度越高，地面辐射越弱C空气温度越低，大气逆辐射越弱D空气湿度大、云量多，大气逆辐射强Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0
33、.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【试解】(1)_，(2)_。【解析】(1)该题考查等值线的判读，这里的等值线为“等有效辐射”线。由图示不难读出，甲、乙两地的有效辐射均介于2 600和2 700之间，丙地小于l 800。从图示有效辐射的变化看，由甲地向丙地逐渐减少，从乙地向丙地逐渐减少，从丙地向乙地逐渐增加，从甲地向乙地变化不大。
34、Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)地面辐射是指近地面被加热，将其热量以长波辐射的形式向外传播的过程。大气逆辐射是指大气辐射中向下射向地面的部分。因其与地面辐射的方向相反，故
35、称为“大气逆辐射”。地面辐射的强弱除与地面温度有关外，还和下垫面的性质有关。地面温度越高，地面辐射越强；天空云量越多，湿度越大，大气逆辐射也越强。【答案】(1)C(2)BEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 As
36、pose Pty Ltd.影响地面辐射的因素有纬度和下垫面。就纬度而言，纬度越高的地方，获得太阳辐射的量越小，所产生的地面辐射就越弱；就下垫面而言，由于下垫面性质不同，它们能吸收和反射太阳辐射的能力也不同，因此导致在同纬度不同地区，获得的太阳辐射能不同，从而产生地面辐射差异。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .
37、NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.阅读材料，回答下列问题。材料城市热岛环流是由于城市“热岛效应”而使得城市温度比郊区高，形成了高空大气由城市吹向郊区，近地面大气由郊区吹向城市的环流。如下图所示。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slid
38、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(1)城市热岛环流的形成原理与下列哪一项相同()A空气对流运动B西南季风C山谷风 D西风带Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Prof
39、ile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)下列哪些现象是城市成为“热岛”的主要原因()自然下垫面减少车辆尾气排放家庭生活燃烧能源城市太阳能的开发和利用城市管线布局不合理城市人口老龄化A BC DEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie
40、nt Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(3)从城市热力环流影响考虑，你认为宜将绿化带和卫星城分别布局在材料二中A、B、C、D的哪几处？【解析】第(1)题，城市热力环流的形成是由于地面冷热不均而造成的。结合各选项内容具体分析即可。第(2)题，城市热岛效应形成的原因是多方面的，就地面性质而言，自然下垫面减少，如绿地面积减少，水泥地面增多，导致地面比热减小；城市热源方面，包括工业、交通和生活燃烧能源，释放热量；空气污染使大气温室效应增强等。第(3)题，一般将绿化带布置于气流下沉处及下沉距离以内，而将卫星城布置于下沉距离之外。Eva
41、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)绿化带：布局在B、C、D处。卫星城：布局在A处。与海陆风、山谷风等常见热力环流形式相比，城市风的方向不随时间而变化，因为
42、市区的气温总高于郊区。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1(2009年高考广东文基卷)气象谚语有“露重见晴天”的说法。就此现象，下列叙述正确的是 ()A天空云量少，大气保温作用强
43、B地面辐射强，地表降温慢C空气中水汽少，地表降温慢D大气逆辐射弱，地表降温快【解析】晴天的夜间，大气逆辐射弱，近地面温度低，水汽极易凝结，在气温高于0 时成为露。【答案】DEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 A
44、spose Pty Ltd.(2010年泰州模拟)某学校地理兴趣小组做了如下实验：做两个相同规格的玻璃箱(如下图)甲底部放一层土，中午同时把两个玻璃箱放在日光下，十五分钟后，同时测玻璃箱里的气温，结果发现底部放土的比没有放土的足足高了3 。据此回答23题。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl
45、ient Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2该实验主要目的是测试 ()A大气的温室效应B大气的热力运动C一天中最高气温出现的时刻D大气主要的直接热源Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.
46、0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3甲箱温度计比乙箱温度计高的原因是 ()A太阳辐射强弱差异 B地面辐射强弱差异C大气吸热强弱差异 D大气辐射强弱差异【解析】实验的结论是底部放土的比没有放土的气温足足高了3 ，主要原因是土对气温升高起到了决定性作用，验证了地面是大气的直接热源。【答案】2.D3.BEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.C
47、reated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4下图是某滨海地区陆地和海洋表面气温日变化的曲线图。第一次到该地区旅游的王小丽，想拍一张海风吹拂头发向后飘逸的照片，她应选择在什么时间段来拍摄()Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.
48、Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.A6时次日18时 B8时16时C16时次日8时 D18时次日7时【解析】图中曲线气温日变化较小，应为海洋表面则曲线为陆地表面，滨海地区出现海风，应为海洋表面气温低于陆地表面气温的时段。【答案】BEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose
49、 Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2010年安徽联考)读亚洲东部某区域某日两个时刻(北京时间)的等压线图(单位：百帕)，回答56题。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation on
50、ly.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5甲、乙两时刻相比，点处最大气压差接近()A0百帕 B2百帕C4百帕 D6百帕6乙图所示时刻的地点中，风力比甲图明显加大的是 ()A BC DEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation onl
51、y.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【解析】甲时刻点气压介于1 008与1 010之间，乙时刻介于1 010与1 012之间，则两时刻最大气压差值接近4百帕。等压线变稠密的地方，风力加大。【答案】5.C6.DEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
52、Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7(2009年烟台质检)在一个长、宽、高分别是2米、1米和1米且6面都封闭的透明玻璃柜内，底面两侧分别放置一个电炉(有导线连到柜外)和一大盆冰块。在玻璃柜顶面中部的内壁帖一张下垂的纸片A，在玻璃柜底面中部的内壁贴一张竖立的薄纸片B(如下图所示)。在电炉通电一段时间之后，根据纸片A、B的偏动情况，可以模拟验证某一地理原理。Evaluation only.Created w
53、ith Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(1)以上实验要验证的是_原理。(2)在电炉通电一段时间之后，纸片A向_(填左或右)偏，纸片B向_(填左或右)偏。(3)试根据纸片A、B的偏动情况，解析这一现象。(4)在图中用实线画出电炉和冰块
54、附近高处和低处等压面的弯曲情况，并用箭头画出空气的运动方向。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【解析】第(1)题，结合实验过程，电炉处形成一个低压，冰块处形成一高压，实验验证的是
55、热力环流原理。第(2)题，结合高、低压位置，低处风由冰块吹向电炉，故纸片B向左偏，高处正好相反。第(3)题。纸片A、B的偏动体现的是空气的流动，存在着高、低压中心。第(4)题，结合气压分布状况进行绘图。【答案】(1)热力环流(2)右左Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profil
56、e 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(3)电炉通电一段时间之后开始发热，空气膨胀上升，低处形成低气压，高处形成高气压；冰块处较冷，空气冷却下沉，低处形成高气压，高处形成低气压；这样，同一水平面气压出现明显的差异，空气就由高压处流向低压处，故纸片A向右偏动，纸片B向左偏动(言之有理即可)。(4)大体如下图所示Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evalu
57、ation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
