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1、 BY JEOLLE1句子成分的构成句子成分的构成句子的主要成分：句子的主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、同位语定语、状语、补语、同位语、插入语插入语音素音素词汇词汇表达法表达法句子成分句子成分段落段落文章文章语音中最小的单位。 21.主语主语(subject)v1. 主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.v2.一般在一般在句首。句首。v3. 一般由一般由名词，代词名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 1. We study in Xinfing Middle
2、 School. 2.Our classroom is very clean. 3.To teach you English is my job. 4.Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports. 5.Four plus four is eight. 6.What you said made me sad. 7.The young should respect the old.8.It made me excited that dad bought me a computer.代词代词名词名词不定式不定式动名词动名词数词数词从句从句the
3、+adj.it作形式主语作形式主语32.谓语谓语(verb)v1. 表示主语的动作或状态。表示主语的动作或状态。v2. 必须由动词充当。必须由动词充当。v3.一般在一般在主语后面主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。v谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。v(1) 简单谓语：简单谓语： 是由动词或动词词组组成的。是由动词或动词词组组成的。 vShe always studies hard.vHe often listens to music.v(2) 复合谓语：是由复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词 + 动词动词”构成构成.
4、vHe can speak English.vWe have finished reading the book.vI did see her yesterday.43.表语表语(predicative)v1. 说明主语的身份或特征。说明主语的身份或特征。v2. 位于位于在在在在bebe动词动词动词动词, , 系动词系动词后面。后面。v1.You look younger than before.v2.I am a teacher.v3.Jim is out.v4.Now they are at home.v5.Im not quite myself today.v6.He got lost
5、in the forest.v7.His hobby is swimming.v8.My job is to teach you English.v9.The book is what I need.形容词形容词名词名词副词副词介词短语介词短语反身代词反身代词过去分词过去分词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句5 4.宾语宾语(object)v1. 表示动作的对象或结果。表示动作的对象或结果。v2.用在用在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面后面.vShe is playing the piano. He often helps me. He is addicted to smoking. We en
6、joy living in China. 3.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。 vPlease pass me the book.v= Please pass the book to me.vHe bought her some flowers.v=He bought some flowers for her.65.宾语补足语宾语补足语(object complement)v放在宾语后面放在宾语后面,对宾语进行对宾语进行补充说明补充说明,与宾语一起构与宾语一起构成成复合宾语复合宾语。vI made my room beautiful.vI can see her dan
7、cing there.vHe made himself known to them.vShe asked me to lend her my bike.vPlease make yourself at home.vPlease keep the dog out.vWe call her Miss Zhang.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词7定语定语(attribute)v用来修饰用来修饰名词或代词名词或代词,起类似于起类似于起类似于起类似于形容词形容词形容词形容词的修饰作用的修饰作用的修饰作用的修饰作用. . . .v1.You are
8、 a clever boy.v2.I want to tell you something important. v3.His father works in a shoe factory.v4.There are 66 students in our class.v5.Do you know bettys sister?v6.There is a sleeping baby in bed.v7.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.v8.We have nothing to do. v9.His spoken English is
9、good.v10.The girl in red is his sister.v11.Do you know the man who stands there?形容词形容词物主代词物主代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词介词短语介词短语形容词形容词现在分词短语现在分词短语从句从句不定式不定式名词名词8 状语状语(adverbial)v1. 修饰动词，形容词或副词修饰动词，形容词或副词, 起类似于起类似于起类似于起类似于副词副词副词副词的作用的作用的作用的作用 。v2. 一般表示行为发生的一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，原因，方式，时间，地点，目的，原因，方式，程
10、度，结果，条件，让步和伴随程度，结果，条件，让步和伴随等意义。等意义。v1.He did it carefully.v2.She is very enthusiastic about it.v3.He works extremely hard.v4.He comes to see us every day.v5.He is at the library looking up some information.v6.Ill be back in a while.v7.Without his help, we couldnt work it out. v8.He was late because
11、of the heavy rain.v9.Please call me up if it is necessary.v10.She was beautiful when she was a girl.9同位语同位语appositionv对前面的对前面的名词或代词名词或代词做进一步解释做进一步解释,说明它们说明它们的性质和情况。的性质和情况。v1. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. v2. I myself will do the experiment.v3. She is the oldest among them six.v4. The news th
12、at he is ill worries us.名词名词反身代词反身代词数词数词从句从句10插入语插入语(parentheses) v对一句话进行对一句话进行附加说明或解释附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。v1.Generally speaking, the more hard-working you are, the more likely you will succeed. v2.Two middle-aged passen
13、gers fell into the sea. Unfortunately，neither of them could swim. v3.Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard，in other words, you failed. v4.It is so nice to hear from her. Believe it or not ，we last met more than thirty years ago. v5. Strange to say, he should have don
14、e such a thing. 11 I saw my friend Tom standing at the station.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语宾宾语语补补足足语语12简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型1）SV 主语谓语主语谓语eg. His father might have died.2) SVP 主语主语 系动词表语系动词表语eg. The plan sounds perfect. 3) SVO 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语eg. My sister enjoyed the play.4）SVOiOd 主语谓语主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语eg.
15、My father bought me a bicycle.5) SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语宾语补语eg. They called him a fool.13分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分v1. Everyone laughed.v2. The books pleased the girl.v3. I am astonished.v4. I heard him shouting.v5. He bought his son some books.v6.The young girl with long black hair is Kate.v7.Stephen apologized at once.v8.I have no idea when they will go. v9. I saw my friend Tom standing at the station.v10. He sold out the book that they doesnt need.14
