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1、Word Word BuildingBuilding什么是构词法？ 英语单词的构成有一定的规律可循，这种规律称为构词法。英语构词法主要有三种：英语构词法主要有三种：派生、转化、合成派生、转化、合成另外还有另外还有缩略词缩略词n加前缀：加前缀： happy - happy - _happyhappyn 加后缀：加后缀： develop - develop - developdevelop_n既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀： employ - employ -_employemploy_一、派生词（派生词（derivation） 在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词unmentunment(A)
2、表示表示否定否定的前缀：的前缀： un- unfair,unhappy non- nonsmoker ，non-stop (常用在常用在n. adj. adv. 前前) in- inactive, indirect (常用在常用在adj.后后) dis- disagree,disappear im- impolite,impossible (用在用在b,p,m 开头的词前开头的词前) il- illegal ir- irregular常见的常见的前缀前缀( (B).B).表示表示错误或或失失当当的前的前缀: : mis mis - -misunderstand, misleadundersta
3、nd, mislead( (C).C).表示表示向背向背的前的前缀: : antianti- -（阻止，抗）阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese wartiwar, anti-Japanese war(D)(D)表示表示共同共同，相等相等意思的前缀意思的前缀 con-, com-, co- (共同，一起共同，一起) connect, combine, co-operate(E).表示表示程度、大小程度、大小的前缀的前缀super- supermarket, supermanover - overuse, overeatmini- miniskirt, minibusunde
4、r- underground, under-developsemi-(半，部分半，部分) semicircleextra -(超越，额外超越，额外) extraordinaryvicevice- - (副，次副，次) vice-president, vice-chairman(F).表示表示时间、时间、序列关系序列关系的前缀的前缀 pre- prewar,preview post postwar,post-reading fore-(前，预先前，预先) foretell, forecast re-（再一次，重新）再一次，重新） retell, rewrite mid-, medi-（中，中间）
5、中，中间）midnight, Mediterranean(G).表示表示方位方位的前缀：的前缀： inter- international trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入横过，通过，超越，进入) translate, transport sub- subway, submarine(潜水艇；水下潜水艇；水下的）的）常见的常见的后缀后缀1.名词后缀名词后缀 ：-er teacher, worker-or visitor, sailor -al arrival, refusal-ee employee , interviewee-ation education, satisfaction-m
6、ent development, movement-ance, -ence importance, violence-ness happiness, carelessness-ity ability, possibility -ist pianist, artist -an, -ain American, historian-age courage, marriage-dom freedom, kingdom-hood childhood,brotherhood -ice notice, advice, service -ing building, writing-ion action, so
7、lution, conclusion2.形容词形容词后缀后缀：-y windy, rainy, sandy-ish foolish, selfish -some handsome, troublesome-ous dangerous, humorous-ful helpful, careful, peaceful-able, -ible comfortable, responsible -al natural, additional, educational -ant, -ent important, excellent -ar similar, popular -ary military,
8、voluntary -ing moving, interesting, exciting 3. 动词动词后缀后缀：-ify beautify, simplify-ize, -ise realize, recognize(ise), organize(ise), modernize(ise)-en quicken, widen, sharpen-ate separate, operate4.副词后缀后缀：-ly possibly, carefully, simply -ward, -wards downward, upwards -ways always , sideways（斜着）（斜着）-w
9、ise otherwise1. But even more _ (value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic , musical contests and so on.2. Many video games are _ (violence).（佛山一模）佛山一模）Examples from some exams this year:violentvaluable3. Ms Chen has been teaching me English since J
10、unior 1, and to show my _ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.（广州一模）广州一模）4. They want to be free and _ (depend), and many of them disagree with their parents about how much freedom they should have.(省省调研题）调研题）independentappreciation5. _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes
11、left to complete the rest！(广州二模）广州二模）6. I must know how to care for others and try not to _ (understand) them.(惠州一模）惠州一模）misunderstandUnfortunatelywater n. water n. 水水 - water vt. water vt. 浇水浇水常见的转化形式常见的转化形式4 4种：种： 动词动词 - -名词名词 名词名词 - - 形容词形容词 动词动词-形容词形容词 副词副词-形容词形容词二、 转化转化(conversion) 由同一个单词通过词类变化
12、转化成为另由同一个单词通过词类变化转化成为另外一种词义外一种词义1 1 动词动词 -名词名词stop vt. 停止停止 - n. watch vt. 观看观看 - n. record vt. 录音录音 - n. comb vt. 梳理梳理(头发头发) - n. 车站车站手表手表纪录纪录梳子梳子2 2 名词名词 - - 形容词形容词light n. 光线 - a. right n. 右边 - a. Chinese n. 汉语 - a.Russian n. 俄语 - a.轻的轻的对的对的中国的中国的俄国的俄国的3 3 动词动词-形容词形容词clean v. 打扫- a.empty v. 倒空- p
13、lete v.完成 - a. last v. 持续- a. 清洁的清洁的空的空的完全的完全的最后的最后的4 4 副词副词-形容词形容词hard ad. 努力地努力地 - a.well ad. 好好 - a.early ad. 早地早地 - a.困难的困难的健康的健康的早的早的三、 合成词合成词(compounding words) 由两个或以上的词组成另外一个词class 班级班级 + room 房间房间 = classroom 教室教室warm + heart + ed = warmhearted _good + looking = good-looking _的的热心肠的热心肠的相貌好看的
14、相貌好看的四、四、缩略词缩略词(shortening words) 它分为截短截短 和和缩合缩合两种。两种。1. 1. 截短截短 : : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。新词。 advertisement - ad telephone - phone influenza - flu _ television - TV流行性感冒流行性感冒2. 2. 缩合缩合 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。起构成一个新单词。smoke + fog (雾雾) - smog _motor + hotel - motel _Test of English as a foreign language TOEFL _the United Nations - _ _烟雾烟雾汽车旅馆汽车旅馆托福托福UN 联合国联合国
