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1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Mood虚虚拟拟语语气气英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说表示说话人的所说的话的话不是事实不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等一种假设、猜测、怀疑等( (在在条件条件从句从句中或中或让步状语从句让步状语从句中中) )；一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等令、建议等 ( (在在宾语从句、表语从宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句句、同位语从
2、句) )。Eg : We met in this room . 陈述语气陈述语气 Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使语气祈使语气If I were you , I would study hard . 虚拟语气虚拟语气一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与是与事实相符的。事实相符的。非真实条件句非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，生或实现的， 与
3、事实相反的情况。与事实相反的情况。Ifitisfinetomorrow,Iwillgotovisitmygrandma.IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoAmerica. 动词形式动词形式时间时间从句从句主句主句与与现在事实相反现在事实相反过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)would should + 动词原形动词原形 (do)could might 与与过去事实相反过去事实相反过去完成式过去完成式(had + done)would should have+过去分词过去分词 could might与与将来事实将来事实可能相反可能相反过去式过去式 (did)/(wer
4、e)should + do were to dowould should +动词原形动词原形 (do)could might(have done)Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.Iwouldbuyavilla.Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.If I won the lottery,现在事实相反现在事实相反IfI_timelastnight,I_toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegone过去事实相反过去事实相反Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven
5、wouldnothavehad Mark: 100I_apartyforyou.shouldgetIfyou_gotWeretoget afullmarknexttime,将来时相反将来时相反would hold If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能
6、见到他了要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。与现在事实相反If I were you, I would go at once. 与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反PRACTICE 1PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If t
7、hey _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.werewould takebrokewould happenwere notcould
8、bewerewould askPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in theexam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier,you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughthad metwo
9、uld have gonePRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksa.If there (be) no natural resource any more,we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you_(get up) too late tomorrow?should bewould makewould happen should get up2 由由介词介词或或介词介词短语暗示的虚拟结构短语暗示的虚拟结构常见的介词或介词短语有常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有没有) , but for(要不
10、是要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today .= If there were no electricity , Without his advice ,I couldnt have done it all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his advice , But for your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for y
11、our help ,But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the meeting ,二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1.Wish 2.的宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来未来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时would/could/might+V. 1.I wish I were a bird2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us
12、. 用于宾语从句用于宾语从句I wish从句结构从句结构Example与现在事实相反与现在事实相反一般过去式一般过去式I wish it were autumn now.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反过去完成式过去完成式He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反would+V.原形原形I wish you would come soon.I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wis
13、h I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.3. 从句的虚拟语气。从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order, command 三个建议：三个建议：a
14、dvise, suggest, propose五个要求：五个要求：demand , require, request, desire,ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词用法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should + should + 动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将shouldshould省略。省略。2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的宾语从句中：后的宾语从句中： “(should)
15、+动词原形动词原形”e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.Practice : 1.I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible . 2.A should sent to B should be sent 3.C be sent to D must be sent to 4.2 The workers in the factory demanded that
16、 their pay _ be 20 percent . 5.A be raised B would be raised 6. C raised D raise 注意：注意：suggest当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist表示表示”坚持认为坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述之意时，应用陈述语气。语气。Eg:Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.3. Would rather that宁愿宁愿现在：过去：未来：I wou
17、ld rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 过去时过去时过去完成时 would prefer , 表示一种表示一种希望希望和和委婉委婉的责备。的责备。Eg : I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week . 我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。四四.用于主语从句中用于主语从句中1.Itisnecessaryimportantstrangenat
18、uralimpossible/surprising+that从句。从句。从句从句中的中的谓语动词谓语动词用用should+动词动词原原形形，should可以省略可以省略省省。Eg :It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she （should ）refuse to come to the party. 2.Itissuggesteddesired/ord
19、ered/requested/proposed/demandedthat从句从句从句从句中的中的谓语动词谓语动词用用should+动词动词原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.五、虚拟语气在其他从句中五、虚拟语气在其他从句中1.Itis(high/about)timethat2.“到做到做-的时间了的时间了.”3.注意注意:should不能省略不能省略过去时should
20、+V原.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 3.Its (about/high) time +(that)should +V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (Should不
21、可省略不可省略)2.Ifonly引导的感叹句引导的感叹句“要是该有多好啊要是该有多好啊”用法与用法与wish相同相同Eg:If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! “好象好象”3. as if /though + Clause 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反用过去式用过去式与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 过去完成式过去完成式Would / could / might +动词原形动词原形1) as if /as though连接表语从句连接表语从句 He talks as if he
22、 knew where she was . He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2) as if / as though连接状语从连接状语从 句句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.He speaks to us as if he had been there. 注意：如果表示的事情注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生可能会发生，那，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气陈述语气。Eg : It looks as if you are tired.4.在在I
23、ncase,forfearthat和和lest“万一；惟恐万一；惟恐;以免以免”引导的状语引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用从句中，谓语动词多用should+动词原形动词原形should可省略可省略.Eg : I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.In case I should fail, I would try againI will not read aloud the book lest I should disturb you .5.在带有在带有evenif/eventhough“即使即使”
24、引导的让步状语从句中引导的让步状语从句中,动词形式与含有动词形式与含有非真实的非真实的条件句的虚拟语气相同条件句的虚拟语气相同.Eg.EvenifLinTao_(be)here,Ishouldsaythesamething.Eventhoughhe_(be)ill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.werehadbeen2 2 错综条件虚拟语气错综条件虚拟语气条件条件从句谓语从句谓语动词发生的动词发生的时间时间与主句所假设的与主句所假设的谓语动词谓语动词不一致不一致, ,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。谓语动词形式应做适当调整。If you had followed my adv
25、ice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.Summary一：虚拟语气在条件状语一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。从句中的用法。二：虚拟语气特殊句型：二：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish 宾语从句宾语从句2.would rather (that)3.asif/though+Clause虚拟虚拟
26、4.Its(about/high)time+(that)5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。6.without和和butfor构成虚拟构成虚拟.butfor(要不是要不是)7.Ifonly要是就好了要是就好了8.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形动词原形9.某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型：三：三：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：混合条件句混合条件句(“各归各各归各”的原则）的原则）1.判
27、断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2. 判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3. 判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间虚拟语气虚拟语气1.1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed C. would miss D. missed2.2.It was the drugIt was the drug，not the di
28、seasenot the disease，that killed that killed the boy.the boy.He He would would be be still still alive alive today today if if he he _ _ that that drug.drug.A.notA.not take take B. hadn B. hadn t takent takenC. didnC. didn t taket take D. shouldnD. shouldn t have takent have takenExercises虚拟语气虚拟语气3.
29、 If only I _ to my parents! (But I didn3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didn t.)t.) A. listened B. had listened A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sol
30、d A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university.5. I wish this bus _ to the university.A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneA. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虚拟语气虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfee
31、dhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent虚拟语气虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttime
32、thatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11. 11. Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken虚拟语气虚拟语气12.(2003上上海海春春季季高高考考题题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice.A.followedB.would followC.had followedD.should follow13.(2002上上海海高高考考题题)It is
33、hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fall D.were to fall14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it.A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speakC.wouldnt speak D.not speak
