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1、DiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionspresentpresenceviolentconfidentdifferentpatientcertainfairpaidlikekindviolence confidencedifferencepatienceunkinduncertainunfairunpaidunlikecultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsartphysicschemistrybiologysciencemathematicalc
2、ulturalglobaluniversalagriculturalscientistArtistphysicistchemistbiologistAnswer key for exercise 1 on page 281.Atthebeginning,theearthhadno_.AdustBatomsCwaterDmatter2.Thedevelopmentofaplanetgenerallydependson_combiningtogether.AatomsBrocksCgasesDwater3.The_ofmammalshappenedafterthedisappearanceofth
3、edinosaurs.AharmfulBsystemCspreadDmethod4.Mammals_whentheanimalsthatwereharmfultothemdisappeared.ApreventedBmultipliedCdependedDexistedAnswer key for exercise 2 on page 28CACBAnswer key for exercise 3 on page 28Is the moon a planet? This question is _ if students are to show that they understand the
4、 nature of _. Some scientists think that the earth _ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _ before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity. _, it goes around our pl
5、anet. fundamentalastronomygavebirthtoexistedAsaresultThe evidence for this theory is that the _ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it _ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still
6、 be a _, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.atomspreventsfrompuzzleEmotionalwordsCalmwords Violent angry rude Shocked excited crazy Patient gentle relaxingKind easy-going calmAnswer key for exercise 4 on page 28Violentpatientgentleangryruderelaxingkindshockedexcitedeas
7、y-goingcalmcrazyNoun clauses as the subjectUnit4Grammar1._watchwaslostisunknown.2._youdidisright.3._wewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.4._weneedistime.5._willbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.whetherwhatwhowhosewhateverUsethewordsbelowtofillintheblanks.WhetherWhatWhateverWhoseWho上面的空大家都填对了吗上面的空
8、大家都填对了吗? ? 上面每个句子都出现了的上面每个句子都出现了的主主语从句语从句，大家能找到吗？，大家能找到吗？1.Whosewatchwaslostisunknown.2.Whateveryoudidisright.3.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.4.Whatweneedistime.5.Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.1.Whosewatchwaslostisunknown.2.Whateveryoudidisright.3.Whetherwewillgoforanouti
9、ngtomorrowremainsunknown.4.Whatweneedistime.5.Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.主语从句主语从句(SubjectClause)如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语, , 那么这个句子就是那么这个句子就是主语从句主语从句。Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whatweneedaregooddoctors.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatim
10、portance.连接词连接词1.thatThattheearthmovesaroundthesuniswellknown.2.whetherWhetherhewillcomeornotisnotknownyet.3.whoWhowillbesenttherehasnotbeendecided. 4.whatWhatyouneedismorepractice.5.whichWhichoneisthebestisnotclear.6.when,whereWherehehasgoneisaquestion.7.why,howWhythereisgravityishardtounderstand.H
11、owhecanearnalivinginBritainremainsabigproblem.8.whoever、whatever、whichever可引可引导主语从句。导主语从句。Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whateverhedidwasright.Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.1.引导主语从句连词有引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等。等。2.2.连词连词位于句首不能省略。位于句首不能省略。3.3.主语从句大多数情况下视为第主语从句大多数情况下视为第三三4.人称单数人称单数,
12、但但在关系代词在关系代词what引引导导5.的主语从句后谓语动词的数要的主语从句后谓语动词的数要根根6.据句意而定据句意而定。小结小结为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语主语it放在主语位置，真正主语后置。放在主语位置，真正主语后置。1.Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.2.Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.3.Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.4.Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhave
13、stucktohissillyideas.5.Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.6.Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident. 7.ItissaidthathehasgonetoShanghai.8.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.1.以以that引出的主语从句引出的主语从句,常以形式常以形式2.主语主语it引导引导,结构为结构为:Itis+形容词形容词/3.名词名词/某些某些动词动词ed+that从句。从句。4.2.在有些在有些that从句
14、中要用从句中要用虚拟语气虚拟语气5.(should+do/should+havedone)。小结小结whether与与if均为均为“是否是否”但下列情况下只用但下列情况下只用whether：1.引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.2.引导表语从句引导表语从句Thequestioniswhetherhellcome.3.whether从句作介词宾语从句作介词宾语Imnotsureaboutwhetherwellwin.4.引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时 Whetheryoulikeitornot,youllhavetodoit.1
15、.主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词引导。引导。2.主语从句后置时引导词主语从句后置时引导词that可省略。可省略。3.主语从句位于句首时主语从句位于句首时,不能用不能用if引导。引导。4.主语从句后置时主语从句后置时,可以用可以用if引导。引导。注意事项注意事项 1._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whatever
16、B.thatC.whichD.whichever3._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellpeoplethepassportofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatitrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires4.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutoftheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90
17、%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because6.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how7._knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho8.Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how1.他出生在何地
18、还不知道。他出生在何地还不知道。2.谁会赢得比赛还不知道。谁会赢得比赛还不知道。3.谁来都欢迎。谁来都欢迎。4.那个人为什么被谋杀尚不知道。那个人为什么被谋杀尚不知道。Wherehewasbornhasnotbeenfound.Whythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whoevercomesiswelcome.DiscoveringusefulstructuresHis discovery has not yet been proved.What _.Do the other astronom
19、ers accept his ideas? It remains a question.Whether _.The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery to scientists.How _.has not yet been provedis his discovery other astronomers acceptshis ideas remains a questionlife first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientistsWhy is the eart
20、h becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research.Why _.Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody.It amazed everybody _.Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise!It is a surprise _.thatStephan Hawking at 65 experienced zerogravity during a flight.thatPlutoisno longer considered a planet in our solarsystem the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for researchAnswer key for exercise 3 on page 29143526
