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1、题型介绍题型和分值n中译英(翻译句子的一部分)n翻译部分(5%)评分原则及标准n2006年年12月四级月四级Translation1.整体内容和语言均正确,得整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。分。2.结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当,得不当,得0.5分。分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误,得整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。分。4.整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。解题技巧解题思路n1,首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能,结构及形
2、式,首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能,结构及形式,即在句中充当什么成分即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性介宾短语还是名词性短语短语,是否要用从句是否要用从句,是否要倒装等是否要倒装等n2,注意选词应尽量贴切注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混不要混用近义词和形近词用近义词和形近词.n3,翻译完成后再次通读句子,检查有无拼写翻译完成后再次通读句子,检查有无拼写,用词用词,语法或语法或逻辑错误,检查句子逻辑错误,检查句子(整句整句)是否完整,主谓是否一致是否完整,主谓是否一致,代代词和名词是否一致词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词
3、是否遗漏了结构词,介词等介词等,并进行必并进行必要的修改和润色要的修改和润色.种常考语法要点归纳种常考语法要点归纳.比较结构比较结构1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only_ (一半的钱)(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London. (half as much money)2)Americans eat_(两倍)(两倍)protein as they actually need every day. (twice as much)3) The number of the students in this cit
4、y has _ (增加增加了了6倍倍) in comparison with 2001. (increased 6 times).用于表示用于表示“与相比与相比”的短语的短语1)Your losses in trade this year are nothing_ (与我的相比)(与我的相比) (compared with mine/ in comparison with mine)2) Since my childhood I have found that _( 没有什么比没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力读书对我更有吸引力 ) (nothing is more attractive to me
5、 than reading )3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so much_(而是他缺乏天分)(而是他缺乏天分)(asbyhislackoftalent)n.状语从句包括:包括:-asthough即使即使-hardly/barely/scarcelywhen(句子前半部要倒装句子前半部要倒装)一一就就(Hardlyhadwesatdownatthetable,whenthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)-nosoon
6、erthan(句子前半部要倒装句子前半部要倒装)一一就就(Nosoonerhadwesatdownatthetablethanthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)-nowthat既然,由于既然,由于-inthat因为,由于因为,由于-Incasethat/forfearthat/lest以防,万一,以免以防,万一,以免-Unless除非除非(才)(才)-Whetheror不管是不管是还是还是Examples:1)._(家也许很简陋)(家也许很简陋), theres no place like home, wherever he may go.
7、 (Humble as it may be)2)._(我们一到山顶)(我们一到山顶)than we all sat down to rest. (No sooner had we reached the top of the hill)3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can. (Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas) 4).Criticism and self-criticism is neces
8、sary _(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误) (in that it helps to find and correct our mistakes).5) Give me your telephone number _(以备我需要你的帮助以备我需要你的帮助) (in case I need your help).6)_(政府才能有效运行)(政府才能有效运行) unless it is free from such interference. (Government cannot operate effectively)7) The substance doe
9、s not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)(不管是否加热) (whether (it is) heated or not).名词性从句名词性从句1) In some countries, _(所谓的(所谓的平等)平等)does not really mean equal rights for all people. (what is called “equality”)2) _ (给我印象最深的)(给我印象最深的) were her liveliness and sense of humor. (What impressed me most ).定语从句定语从句1) A
10、 good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样正如预料的那样). ( as was to be expected)2)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _(正(正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样)如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样) (as is often the case in other countries)3) Im not accustomed to such luxury, _
11、 (它简直是它简直是浪费钱浪费钱). (which is just a waste of money )n分句关系代词只能用分句关系代词只能用that,而不能用,而不能用which的主要情况的主要情况)当先行词是)当先行词是all,anything,everything,nothing,something,few,little,much,none,等不定代词时等不定代词时)当先行词被序数词)当先行词被序数词(thefirst,thesecond)或形容词最或形容词最高级所修饰时高级所修饰时)当先行词被)当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时等词修饰时4)当先行词是人而且有当先行词是
12、人而且有only,all,any等限定词时,其后用等限定词时,其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用作分句主语的关系代词通常用that(Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.).虚拟语气虚拟语气)用于以下动词之后的)用于以下动词之后的that分句当中,分句动词用分句当中,分句动词用原型或者原型或者是是should+原型原型(order,command,demand,insist,maintain,request,require,ask,recommend,propose,suggest,move,desire,etc))以下形容词用于)以下形容词用于Itis+ad
13、j.+that结构中,从句动词用结构中,从句动词用原型原型或者是或者是should+原型原型(advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative(命令的,强制的)(命令的,强制的),obligatory(必须的)(必须的),important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,proper,)3)用在以下名词之后的用在以下名词之后的that分句当中,分句动词用分句当中,分句动词用原型或者是原型或者是should+原型原型(decision,decree(法令,判决法令,判决),demand,
14、instruction,order,requirement,resolution,apity,ashame,nowonderthat)用于宾语从句中)用于宾语从句中wish)用于某些特定结构中)用于某些特定结构中,如如nIfonly,nasthough/if,nItis(high)timethat+从句(从句动词用过去时或过去完成时)从句(从句动词用过去时或过去完成时)是时候做某事了是时候做某事了(Itstimeyouwenttobed./Itwastimeyouhadgonetobed.)nwouldrather+从句从句-wouldrather后接从句(注意:从句的后接从句(注意:从句的主
15、语和主句的主语不是一个人)时,从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语主语和主句的主语不是一个人)时,从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:气,具体用法为:A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,如如IdratheryoucamenextSaturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。我宁愿你下星期六来。Idratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快乐。我愿你快乐。B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望,如如Idratheryouhadntsaidit.我真希望你没有这样说过。我真希望你没有这样说过。Idratheryouhadntdonethat.我宁愿你没这样做。我
16、宁愿你没这样做。5)sb.would/could/shouldhavedoneifsb.haddone如果(当时)有做某事的话,就会如果(当时)有做某事的话,就会e.g.Hecouldhavesucceededifhehadfollowedyouradvice.如果他有听从你的劝告,他就会成功了。如果他有听从你的劝告,他就会成功了。Thevictimwouldhavesurvivedifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.如果他当时能被及时送到医院,他如果他当时能被及时送到医院,他就会生还。就会生还。1) The professor required that _(我
17、们交研究报告)(我们交研究报告) (we hand in our research reports)2) It is highly desirable that a new president_(被任命)(被任命) for this college. (be appointed)3)Somewomen_(本来能够本来能够挣一份很好的工资挣一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.(couldhavemadeagoodsalary)4)Butforhishelp,I_(我不可能这
18、么我不可能这么早完成早完成)(wouldnothavefinishedsoearly)5)Thevictim_(本来有机会活下来本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(wouldhavesurvived)6)Itstime_(采取措施采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.(somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken).倒装结构倒装结构)表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时)表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时a.seldom,rarely,never;b.Hardly/Scar
19、celywhen,Nosoonerthan;c.包含包含only的状语出现在句首的状语出现在句首;d.当包含当包含no的短语出现在句首的短语出现在句首,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,bynomeans,etc.)so,neither,nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时引导的句子承前表示同类情况时)地点状语地点状语位于句首,位于句首,动词是动词是come,lie,stand,walk等等1)Notuntilthegamehadbegun_(他才到达)(他才到达)thesportsaround.(di
20、dhearriveat)2)Ifyouwontagreetoourplan,_(他们他们也不会同意也不会同意).(neitherwillthey)3)Hehadunderstoodnothing,_(也没尝试着去也没尝试着去)understand.(nordidhetryto)4)OnlyafterIslappedhimontheback_(他才发现他才发现我并高兴得叫起来我并高兴得叫起来).(didhenoticemeandshoutedwithhappiness).并列成分并列成分and,or,nor,but,notbut,bothand,than,notonlybut(also),eit
21、heror,neithernorratherthan而不是而不是(insteadof)I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee.otherthan(常用于否定句常用于否定句)除除以外以外(except)Ill be going away in June but other than that Ill be here all summer. 我会在六我会在六月份外出月份外出; 除此以外,我整个夏天都在这里。除此以外,我整个夏天都在这里。etc.1)Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFrancisco_
22、(而不愿待在纽约)(而不愿待在纽约)(thanstayedinNewYork.)2)Innocountry_(除了在英国)(除了在英国),ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.(otherthanBritain)3)_(这两本书都不认为)(这两本书都不认为)theopinionthatthedangerofnuclearwarisincreasing.(Neitherofthetwobookshold)nneitherof后接复数名词或代词,动词用单数和复数都可以,后接复数名词或代词,动词用单数和复数都
23、可以,复数动词较正式。复数动词较正式。eitheror亦同。亦同。种常考词汇要点归纳种常考词汇要点归纳A.接不定式或动名词的动词及短语接不定式或动名词的动词及短语以下单词或词组后接动名词以下单词或词组后接动名词inganticipate,appreciate,consider,deny,dislike,enjoy,favor,mind,practise,report,resent,risk,keep,imagine/fancy,recall,defend,include,involve,justify(证明(证明正确;对正确;对解释)解释),advise/suggest,confess,adm
24、it/acknowledge,delay,postpone,putoff,excuse/forgive,miss,escape,avoid,tolerate,resist,giveup,dreamof/about,despairof(对(对丧失信心,感到绝望)丧失信心,感到绝望),objectto,feellike(想做某事想做某事),counton(依靠依靠,指望指望),succeedin,insiston,stickto,persistin(坚持做某事)(坚持做某事),perseverein(坚持)(坚持),lookforwardto,have(no)trouble/difficulty)
25、in以下单词或词组后接不定式以下单词或词组后接不定式todorefuse,afford,agree,choose,claim,manage,offer,pretend,promise,sweartodo(发誓,承诺去做某事发誓,承诺去做某事),venturetodo(小心谨慎地去做某事小心谨慎地去做某事),guaranteetodo保证去做某事保证去做某事,decide/determine/resolvetodo(决心去做某事决心去做某事),desire/hope/wish,expect,以下单词或词组后接不定式以下单词或词组后接不定式todo.但是但是to省略省略hadbetterdocan
26、notbutdomay/mightaswelldo不妨做某事不妨做某事wouldrather/sooner1)Mr.Johnsonpreferred_.(别人给他重活干)(别人给他重活干)(tobegivenheavierworktodo)2)Shewouldappreciate_(收到来信)(收到来信)yousometime.(hearingfrom)3)Iused_(以前抽烟抽得很凶)(以前抽烟抽得很凶),butIgaveitupthreeyearsago.(tosmokeheavily)4)Ifyoudontliketoswim,you_(不妨待在家(不妨待在家里)里)(mayaswel
27、lstayathome)B.表因果关系的动词词组表因果关系的动词词组leadto/resultingiveriseto使发生使发生(Thenovelssuccessgaverisetoanumberofsequels.这部小说的这部小说的成功带来就系列的续篇。)成功带来就系列的续篇。)resultfrom/arisefromoriginatein/fromberesponsiblefor.常用短语常用短语与动词有关与动词有关ntakeintoaccount/consideration把把考虑在内考虑在内;naccusesbof(doing)sth因为某事控告因为某事控告/谴责某人谴责某人;nc
28、hargesbwithsth因为某事控告因为某事控告/谴责某人谴责某人;nchargesb(money)forsth收费,要价收费,要价;nbenefitby/fromsth得益于,得利于得益于,得利于;ncommentonsth/makecommentsonsth对对作评论作评论;nconcentrate(onesattention)on/upon集中注意力于集中注意力于;nfocuson(doing)sth集中注意力于集中注意力于;nconvincesb.ofsth.使确信,使信服(使确信,使信服(-Youneedtoconvince them of your enthusiasmfort
29、hejob.你要使他你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。)ncome/gointoeffect生效生效;开始实施开始实施(-Newcontrolcome into effectnextmonth.下月开始实施新的管制措施。下月开始实施新的管制措施。)ntakeeffect开始起作用开始起作用;见效见效;生效生效;开始实施开始实施(-Theaspirinssoontake effect.阿司匹林药片见效快。)阿司匹林药片见效快。)nbeentitledto(doing)sth有资格有资格/权利去做某事权利去做某事(-Youwillbeentitledtoyourp
30、ensionwhenyoureach65.你你到到65岁就有资格享受养老金。岁就有资格享受养老金。)nfindfaultwith批评批评ncatchaglimpseofsth/sb看了一眼看了一眼(Hecaughtaglimpseofherinthecrowd.他一眼瞥见她在人群里。他一眼瞥见她在人群里。)ninformsbof/aboutsth知会某人某事知会某人某事(Pleaseinformusofanychangesofaddress.地址若有变动请随时通知我们。地址若有变动请随时通知我们。)nbe/getinvolvedinsth参与参与nkeep/holdpace(with)与与并驾
31、齐驱,步调一致并驾齐驱,步调一致nmakesense有意义,讲得通,合乎情理有意义,讲得通,合乎情理(-Itmakessensetodosth)nspend(time,money.)onsth/indoingsth花时间花时间/金钱在金钱在某事上某事上nhaveaccessto有有机会、权利、途径机会、权利、途径(-Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.学生必须有机会使用好的信学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。)息资源。)与形容词有关与形容词有关nbeaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth习惯于习惯于nbeashamedof对对.感到羞愧感到
32、羞愧nbe(well/fully)awareof完全明白,意识到完全明白,意识到nbecommittedto尽心尽力的尽心尽力的;忠诚于忠诚于的的nbecomposedof由由构成构成nbeconcernedabout担心的,忧虑的担心的,忧虑的nbeconcernedwith关切的,关注的关切的,关注的nbeconsciousof意识到,注意到意识到,注意到nbeconsistentwith与与一致的,相符的一致的,相符的nbecontentwith对对感到满意感到满意nbecriticalof对对批评的,挑剔的批评的,挑剔的n(sb.)befamiliarwith(sth)对对熟悉熟悉(-
33、Iamfamiliarwiththevoice.)n(sth./sb.)befamiliarto(sb.)对对熟悉熟悉(-Thevoiceseemstobefamiliartome.)nbeignorantof/about对某事不了解,无知对某事不了解,无知(-Hescompletelyignorantaboutmoderntechnology.他对现他对现代科技一无所知。代科技一无所知。)nbejealousofsb/sth嫉妒嫉妒nfeel/benervousabout/of因因而紧张,焦虑,担忧而紧张,焦虑,担忧nbeoptimisticabout对对感到乐观感到乐观nberelevan
34、tto与与紧密相关,切题的紧密相关,切题的nbesensitiveto对对敏感的,体贴的,易生气的敏感的,体贴的,易生气的nbesimilarto与与相似相似nbeuneasyabout/atsth对对感到不自在,担心感到不自在,担心nbeinferiorto比不上比不上;劣于劣于(-Thismodelistechnicallyinferiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上这一款式在技术上比不上它的竞争者。比不上它的竞争者。)nbesuperiorto占优势占优势;更胜一酬更胜一酬(-Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitor
35、s.这一款式在技术这一款式在技术上超过了它的竞争者。)上超过了它的竞争者。)介词词组介词词组nonbehalfof/onsbsbehalf代表某人代表某人(-Iwouldliketothankyouallonbehalfoftheteam.)ninbehalfof为帮助某人为帮助某人(-Wecollectedmoneyinbehalfofthehomeless.我们为帮助无家可归者募捐。我们为帮助无家可归者募捐。)nincase以防万一以防万一(-YoudbettertakethekeysincaseImout.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。)nincaseof如果,
36、假使如果,假使(-Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.如遇火险,即按警铃。如遇火险,即按警铃。)ninchargeof(或(或takechargeof)主管,掌管主管,掌管(-Hehasbeeninchargeofthefarmsincehisfatherpassedaway.)nbein(outof)contactwith与与有联系有联系/失去联系失去联系ntoacertainextent在某种程度上在某种程度上(-Tosomeextentwhatshearguesistrue.她的话在某种程度上是她的话在某种程度上是符合事实的。)符合事实的。)ninfavorof赞
37、同,支持赞同,支持;看中,选择看中,选择(-Hearguesinfavorofastike.他据理力争主张罢工。)(他据理力争主张罢工。)(-Heabandonedteachinginfavorofacareerasamusician.他弃教从事音乐。)他弃教从事音乐。)nInsupportof支持支持(-Hearguesinsupportofastike.他据理力争主张罢工。)他据理力争主张罢工。)ninhonorof为纪念为纪念;向向表示敬意表示敬意(-Thisceremonywasheldinhonorofthosekilledintheexplosion.举行这个仪式来纪念爆炸中的死难
38、者。)举行这个仪式来纪念爆炸中的死难者。)ninparticular尤其,格外;特殊的,专门的尤其,格外;特殊的,专门的(-Helovessciencefictioninparticular.他特别喜爱科幻小说。他特别喜爱科幻小说。)(-Shedirectedthequestionatnooneinparticular.她的问题没有针对任何个人。她的问题没有针对任何个人。)nonthepointof在在的时刻,关头的时刻,关头(-Wewereonthepointofgivingup.我们当时几乎要放弃了。我们当时几乎要放弃了。)ntothepointof达到某种程度,近乎达到某种程度,近乎(-
39、Hewasrudetothepointofbeingaggressive.他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的地步。地步。)nonpurpose故意地故意地nforthesakeof为了为了的缘故;为获得某物的缘故;为获得某物(-Theystayedtogetherforthesakeofthechildren.为了孩子,为了孩子,他们还待在一起。他们还待在一起。)(-Shegaveupsmokingforthesakeofherhealth.为保持身体健康,她戒了烟。)为保持身体健康,她戒了烟。)名词词组名词词组aheartattack;atouristattraction(景点)(景点);
40、heavyrain/snow/traffic;opening/closing/degree/graduationceremony;severepunishment/pain/injuries/drought/stormacaseinpoint(一个恰当的例子(一个恰当的例子;明证)明证);incase以防万一以防万一incaseof如果,假使如果,假使inanycase无论如何,总之无论如何,总之innocase决不,无论如何不决不,无论如何不inthecaseof就就来说;至于来说;至于inthiscase既然是这样既然是这样真题解析2006.61.Havingspentsometimein
41、thecity,hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路找到去历史博物馆的路).(findingthewaytothehistorymuseum)n关键采分点之一必然是看在答案中是否使用了动名词形式关键采分点之一必然是看在答案中是否使用了动名词形式2._(为了挣钱供我上学为了挣钱供我上学),Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.(Inordertotofinancemyeducation)n动词的选择,动词的选择,还可用还可用raisemoney,support,afford3.Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我我
42、们交研究报告们交研究报告)。(wehandinourresearchreports)n句型:虚拟语气句型:虚拟语气requirethatsb.(should)dosth.4.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂我愈糊涂).(themoreconfusedIam)n掌握掌握themore,themore句型句型;另外;另外confused的使的使用用5.Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司他被公司解雇了解雇了).(hewasfiredbythecompany)n让步状语从句让步状语从句;关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握;关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让
43、步状语从句时,主句不应有引导让步状语从句时,主句不应有but存在。存在。2006.121)Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto_(适应不同文化中的生活适应不同文化中的生活)(adjust/adapttolifeinadifferentculture或者或者adapttolivingindifferentcultures)n注意注意adaptto后接动名词后接动名词2)SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)(nothingattractsmemo
44、rethanreading或者或者nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading)nNothingismorethan和和Nothingissoas都具有都具有最高级比较的意思,指最高级比较的意思,指“没有没有比比更更”。3)Thevictim_来会有机会活下来来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(wouldhavehadachanceofsurviving;wouldhavesurvived)n虚拟语气虚拟语气4)Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出门出门在外时
45、可能会感到孤独在外时可能会感到孤独)(arelikelyto/may/mightfeellonelywhen(theyare)awayfromhome)5)Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise_(以每年以每年1200万人的速度万人的速度)(atarateof12millionper/a/eachyear;attherateof12millionpeopleannually;atanannualrateof12,000,000;by12millionyearly)nataspeedof(以以的速度的速度);其二是数字;其二是数字1200万人的万人的表达,也就是表
46、达,也就是12个百万个百万12million而而million后面加上多后面加上多余的复数余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。则是很多同学容易出现的错误。2007.61)Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(takepeoplessleepqualityintoaccount)ntakeintoaccount/consideration2)ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis_(我们可以合作的领域)(我们可以合作的领域)(thefield(where)wecancooperate/the
47、fieldinwhichwecancooperate)n定语从句定语从句3)Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete_(决定退出比赛)决定退出比赛)(decidedtoquitthematch)ndecidetodosth.;另外另外quit的使用的使用4)Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please_(按以下地址和我们联系)(按以下地址和我们联系)(contactusatthefollowingaddress)ncontact的用法的用法5)Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_(如果你方便的话)
48、(如果你方便的话)(ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience)2007.121_(多亏了一系列的发明),多亏了一系列的发明),doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.(Thankstoaseriesofnewinventions)2.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了我比以前更容易累了).(Iammoreinclinedtogettiredthanbefore)3.Imgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲无论我要做出什么样
49、的牺牲)(nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake)4.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_(它它更加方便和省时更加方便和省时)(theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving)5.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.(ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborro
50、w)模拟练习1.(如果你设法与(如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系)先生取得联系)_theproblemwillbesolvedeasilybecauseheisanexpertinthisfield.(ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithMrSmith)nmanagetodo表示成功地做成某事,不成功不可以用表示成功地做成某事,不成功不可以用2.Theproblemliesinhowpeoplelookatthosestudents_(专心追求知识的)(专心追求知识的).(whoareknowledge-oriented/absorbedacquiringknowledge
51、)nsth.-oriented追求追求;定语从句定语从句3.OnChildrensDay,kids_有资格免费进入)有资格免费进入)toallthecityparks.(areentitledtofreeadmissions)nbeentitledtodosth.对对享有权利享有权利,值得值得;有(做某事)有(做某事)的资格的资格权利权利4.Therestaurantnextdoorservesgoodfood,buttheoneacrossthestreetismuchbetter_(就服务而言)(就服务而言).(asfarastheserviceisconcerned)nso/asfara
52、sbeconcerned就就而言,而言,concerned用用作形容词解作作形容词解作“有关的有关的”时,是后置定语,大都放在它所时,是后置定语,大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。修饰的名词之后。5._(每当天气不好时)(每当天气不好时),hetakeswhateverumbrellahecanfind.(whenevertheweatherisbad)nWhenever的使用是关键的使用是关键6.Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot_(失去联系失去联系)theoutsideworld.(losecontactwith)n短语短语losecontactwi
53、th/losetouchwith与与失失去联系去联系7.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_(正在研制正在研制)andperfectednow.(arebeingdeveloped)nbebeingdone现在进行时的被动语态表示此时现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应应随主语作相应变化。变化。8.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_(有很强的影响有很强的影响)thecharacterofthechildren.(hasast
54、ronginfluenceon/effecton)ninfluence/effect作名词(常与作名词(常与on连用)对连用)对有影响力。有影响力。influence指指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响潜移默化的影响,如如:Influencedbyahigh-schoolbiologyteacher,hetookupthestudyofmedicine.Effect/v/指指实现实现、达成达成,着重着重造成造成一种特殊的效果一种特殊的效果,如如:Thisbookeffectedachangeinmyopin
55、ion.9.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_(肯定没打扫过)(肯定没打扫过).(canthavebeencleaned)n【超级句型超级句型】“情态动词情态动词+havedone”表示推测,表示推测,must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中,各用于不同句型中,must只只用于肯定句中,用于肯定句中,can/could不能用于肯定句中,不能用于肯定句中,may/might不能用于疑问句中。不能用于疑问句中。cant表示不可能,表示不可能,maynot表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情,情态动词表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情,情态动词后则用完
56、成形式。后则用完成形式。10.Withtearsonherface,thelady_(看着他受伤的儿子被送进手看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室)术室)(watchedherinjuredsonsentintotheoperationroom.)nsee/watchsb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程,且宾语强调某动作的全过程,且宾语和动作间是被动关系和动作间是被动关系11.Aftertheterroristattack,tourists_(被劝告暂时不被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)要去该国旅游)(wereadvisednottotraveltothatcountryatthemoment)na
57、dvise一般用法:一般用法:advisesb.todo;advisedoing注意:注意:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:即:advisethatsb.(should)do的形式。的形式。12.(他把自己奉献于社区工作他把自己奉献于社区工作)_andispassionateaboutwhatheisdoing.(hedevotedhimselftothecommunity)nbedevotedto有两个含义:有两个含义:A.专心致志于,献身于;专心致志于,献身于;B.热爱,热爱,很喜欢。作为动词的很喜欢。作为动词的devote常用下列成语类的搭配:常用下列成语类的
58、搭配:devoteoneselftosth./doingsth.devoteoneslifetosth./doingsth.13.WhenSandyrecoveredfromcancer,herdoctor_(把此归因于她对未来的信念把此归因于她对未来的信念).(attributedittoherfirmbeliefinthefuture)n”attributeto”,“把把归因于归因于”是大学英语是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。四级考查率极高的一个语言点。14:Manshouldnotexploitthenaturalresources_(以牺牲其他物种为代价以牺牲其他物种为代价).(
59、atthecostofsacrificing/lossofotherspecies)natthecostof(以(以为代价),其含义和用法与为代价),其含义和用法与attheexpenseof相同。另相同。另atallcosts意为意为“不惜一切代价不惜一切代价”。15.Attheendofhisspeech,theschoolmasterencouragedthechildrentoworkhard_(不要不要让父母失望让父母失望).(andnottolettheirparentsdown)n【超级短语超级短语】let.down(使使失望失望),形容词表示失望,形容词表示失望有有disapp
60、ointed.16.Iprefertocommunicatewithmycustomers_(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)(viaE-mailinsteadoftelephone)nInsteadof的意思是的意思是“代替代替”、“而不而不”,后面,后面常跟名词、代词和动名词,偶尔也跟复合结构常跟名词、代词和动名词,偶尔也跟复合结构17.Hewasdisabledfrombirth,butheneverfeltfrustrated,_(也从未屈服于任何困难也从未屈服于任何困难).(andneveryieldedtoanydifficultiesaswell)nyie
61、ldto屈服,让步屈服,让步18.Thescientisttriedtoconvinceusthatatigerwouldnotattackus_(除非它走途无路除非它走途无路).(unlessitscornered)nunless除非,如果不;除非,如果不;corner名词作名词作“角落、绝路角落、绝路”,作为及物动词时表示作为及物动词时表示“无路可走无路可走”19.Ididntevenspeaktohim,_(更不用说与更不用说与他讨论事情他讨论事情).(letalonediscusswithhim)nletalone用作连词,译为用作连词,译为“更不用说了更不用说了”20.ProfessorClarkwasabitstrictwithus,_(但我们确实从他那里学到了很多但我们确实从他那里学到了很多).(butidolearnalotfromhim)ndo放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气