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1、科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧数字和倍数的翻译数字的表达及翻译Ten thousand （一万）One hundred thousand（十万）One million（一百万）Ten million（一千万）One hundred million（亿）One billion（十亿）Ten billion（百亿）One hundred billion（千亿）One trillion（万亿）数字修饰语的翻译英语中常用英语中常用 flat, cool, sharp, exactly, whole, just等词修饰数字，等词修饰数字，表示表示“正好正好”、“恰好恰好”、“整整整整”等。等。He fin
2、ished the experiment in twenty-four hours flat.他完成这一实验正好用了24小时的时间。The physician treated cool 30 patients that day.这位内科医生那天正好看了30个病人。The plane takes off at 7 oclock sharp.这架飞机7点整起飞。The machine worked for ten whole days.这台机器整整运转了10天时间。The wire measures exact ten meters.这条导线刚好10米长。英语中常用英语中常用 about, som
3、e, around, round, approximately, closely to, nearly, towards等词修饰数字，表示等词修饰数字，表示“大约大约”、“上下上下”、“将将近近”、“几乎几乎”等。等。The volume of the sun is about / some / around / round 1,300.000 times that of the earth.太阳的体积约为地球的130万倍。It is nearly / towards 4 oclock.将近4点种。The price of this new machine is in the neighbor
4、hood of / of the order of a thousand dollars.这台新机器的价格约为1,000美圆。Noise figure in the border of 4 to 5 dB at Ghz has been reported.据称，在2,000兆赫时，噪声系数约为4-5分贝。According to the weather man, the temperature will be up 5 or so.据天气预报，气温将升高5 左右。英语中常用英语中常用 more than, odd, over, above, exceed, upwards of, or mor
5、e, higher than, in excess of 等词修饰数字，表示等词修饰数字，表示“超过超过”、“以上以上”、“有余有余”、“高于高于”、“多于多于”等。等。Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than two percent.生铁是铁碳合金，其中碳含量超过2%。Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000 odd miles per hour, can it put a manmade satellite in orbit.只有当火箭速
6、度达到每小时18,000 多英里时，才能把人造卫星送入轨道。Over / Above / More than / Not less than 100 chemical elements are known to man; of these about 80 are metals.人类已知的化学元素有100种以上，其中有80种是金属。Upwards of seven thousand medical workers have left for the earthquake district.有7000多名医务人员前往震区。The patients are children of three ye
7、ars old and upwards.这些病人是三岁和三岁以上的儿童。英语中常用英语中常用 under, below, less, less than, no more than, short of, off, to, within, as few as 等词修饰数字，表示等词修饰数字，表示“少于少于”、“不到不到”、“以下以下”等。等。The efficiency of the best of these engines is under / below / less than / no more than 40%.这些发动机中效率最好的也不到40%。It took three years
8、 less than one month for them to develop the new material.他们花了三年差一个月研制这种新材料。Helium in the air is a little under 1%.空气中氮的含量略低于1%。英语中常用英语中常用 full, solid, at least, all of, no less than, asas 等词来等词来修饰数字，表示数目大、数量多。修饰数字，表示数目大、数量多。They covered full twenty reference sources on AIDS in a single day.他们仅仅用了一天
9、时间，就看完了足足20种有关爱滋病的资料。The motor ran 450 solid days on end.马达连续运转了足有450天。The experiment will take three days, at least.实验至少需要三天时间。The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10,000,000 .太阳中心的温度高达摄氏1000万度。There were no less than fifty wounded in the traffic accident.在这场交通事故中，受伤者多达50人。英语中常用英语中常用 on
10、ly, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than, scant 等词修饰数字，表示数目小，数量少。等词修饰数字，表示数目小，数量少。That solar-energy car weighs only / merely / barely / scarcely / but 500kg.那辆太阳能汽车重量仅为500公斤。Inspection time for the installation was no more than 2 hours.检验安装工作仅用了两个小时。There is only at most room for one
11、 person.至多只有可容纳一个人的空间。英语中常用英语中常用 fromtoo, betweenand / to 来修饰数字，表示来修饰数字，表示范围，可译为范围，可译为“从从到到”，“在在之间之间”等。等。The energy of the fuel wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is between 80 and / to 85 percent.往复式蒸汽机浪费的燃料能量为80%至85%。The ladle refining time takes on average between 3 and 4 hours depending on
12、 the treatment required.桶内精练时间平均为3至4小时，这要视所需要的处理而定。数量增加的翻译Be n times as + 形容词 / 副词 + as Be n times + 比较级 + thanBe + 比较级 + than + 名词 + by n timesBe + 比较级 + by a factor of n“是的n 倍”、“n 倍于”、“比大（ n -1）倍”The substance reacts three times as fast as the other.该物质的反应速度是那种物质反应速度的3倍。（或：该物质的反应速度比那种物质的反应速度快2倍。）T
13、his line is by two times longer than that one.这条线的长度是那条线长度的2倍。（或：这条线比那条线长1倍。）Mercury weighs more than water by about 14 times.水银的重量约为水的14倍。（或：水银比水重13倍。）The error probability of binary AM is greater than for binary FM by a factor of at least 6.二进制调幅的误差概率比二进制调频至少大5倍。（或：二进制调幅的误差概率至少是二进制调频的6倍。）as + 形容词
14、/ 副词 + again as again as + 形容词 / 副词 + as“比多一倍”，“是的两倍”This wire is as long again as that one.这根金属线的长度是那根的2倍。（或：这根金属线比那根金属线长1倍。）This wire is again as long as that one.这根金属线的长度是那根的2倍。（或：这根金属线比那根金属线长1倍。）This wire is half again as long as that one.这根金属线的长度是那根金属线的1倍半。（或：这根金属线比那根金属线长半倍。）带有“增大”意思的动词（increas
15、e, rise, grow, go up）V + n timesV + by + n timesV + to + n timesV + n-foldV + by a factor of + n“增加到 n 倍”，“增加了（n - 1）倍”The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times.工业电子产品销售额增加了5倍。The strength of the attraction increases by four times if the distance between the original char
16、ges is behalved.如果原电荷的距离缩短一半，则引力就增大到原来的4倍。（或：如果原电荷的距离缩短一半，则引力比原来大3倍。）This year, the production of this kind of machine in our plant is estimated to increase to 3 times compared with 1980.今年我厂这种机器的产量预计是1980年的3倍。（或：今年我厂这种机器的产量预计比1980年增长了2倍。）By 1999 the production of primary copper has increased five-f
17、old.到1999年，原铜产量增长了4倍。The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of 4.漏电压增加了3倍。带有“增大”意思的动词（increase, rise, grow, go up）连接“（by）n + 单位（或 n %）”，表示净增量，数词 n 可照译。The output went up 45,000 tons.产量增加了45000吨。The production has increased by 45%.生产已增加了45%。Automation will help us to raise the output of pro
18、duction by thirty percent.自动化能帮助我们提高产量30%。Industrial output rose by 0.9 percent in June.6月份产量增长了0.9%。用表示倍数的动词表示量的增加：double, treble, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple, septuple, octupleThe new airport will double the capacity of the existing one.新机场是现有机场容量的2倍。The population has nearly trebled in forty y
19、ears.人口在40年中增加了近2倍。The company quadrupled output to around 20 million tons.该公司把产量增至2000万吨左右，是原来的4倍。The output has been quintupled since 1998.1998年以来，产量已增长了4倍。用“an increase of n ”或 “a n increase”表示净增的数量， n 可照译。There is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.钢产量比去年增加了450万吨
20、。There is a 25% increase of steel as compared with last year.钢产量比去年增加了25%。数量减少的翻译用表示“减少”的动词（decrease, reduce, fall, lower）连接“by n（或 n %）”以及用连系动词连接“ n less（than）”，表示净减量，所减数字可照译。100 decreased by 90 is 10.100减去90等于10。The output decreased by 40%.产量下降了40%。This process used 35% less fuel.这种工艺少用了35%的燃料。表示“
21、减少”的动词（decrease, reduce, fall, lower）V + by n timesV + n timesV + by a factor of nV + n times as + 形容词 / 副词 + as“减少了n 分之（ n - 1）”，“减少到 n 分之1”The price cost has decreased by the three times as against 1949.成本价格比1949年降低了2 /3。The pre-heating time for the new type thermal meter is shortened 5 times.这种新型
22、热电式仪表的预热时间缩短了4/5。The equipment under development will reduce the error probability by a factor of 7.正在研制的设备将使误差概率减小到1/7。The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times through technical innovation.通过技术革新该设备的误差概率降低3/5。表示“减少”的动词（decrease, reduce, fall, lower）连接“ to + n（或 n %）”表示“减少到 n
23、（或 n % ）”The output was reduced to 45,000 tons.产量降到了45000吨。The pollution was reduced to 25%.污染减少到了25%。By the year 2003 the worlds annual oil output is expected to fall to 33%.到2003年，世界石油年产量预计将下降到33%。试译下列各句，注意数量的增加：The amount of coal that is technically and economically recoverable under present cond
24、itions is five times as large as the reserves of the crude oil.Iron is almost three times heavier than aluminum.The gravity of the earth is about six times as great as that of the moon.The per unit area yield of ginned cotton has increased by 15% over the last year.The March figure for output value
25、registered a 37 per cent increase over February.Asia is four times larger than Europe.The turnover capacity of the harbor has increased by one-third.The output of computers has increased by 20%.The innovation increases efficiency by 30 per cent.Its total output value increased by 11.5 per cent over
26、the previous year.Key:现有技术和经济条件，可回收利用的煤的总量，是原油蕴藏量的5倍。铁的重量几乎是铝的3倍。（或：铁几乎比铝重2倍。）地球的引力大约是月球引力的6倍。皮棉单位面积产量比去年增加了15%。三月份产值比二月份增长37%。亚洲面积比欧洲大3倍。（或：亚洲面积是欧洲的4倍。）港口吞吐量增加了1/3。计算机的产量增加了20%。这项革新使效率提高了30%。它的总产值比前一年增长11.5%。试译下列各句，注意数量的减少：The bandwidth was reduced by two-thirds.The depth of water in the first tube
27、 is less than half that in the other.This year the price of the vegetable has decreased by 20% as compared with that of 1999.When the signal we pick up has increased by 10 times the gain may have been reduced by 8 times.The operating cost decreased three times.The loss of metal was reduced to 15%.Th
28、e power output of the machines is twice less than its input.Reducing the data rate by one-half will double the duration of each symbol interval.Magnetic fields of the metal contaminants within the human body are generally about a million times weaker than the Earths field.The pressure will be reduced to one-fourth of its original value.Key:频带宽度减少了2/3。第一根试管内水的深度比另一根试管浅一半多。今年的蔬菜价格比1998年减低了20%。信号增大到十倍，增益降低到1/8。操作费减少了2/3。金属损耗降低到15%。该机器的输出功率比输入功率小1/2。把数据传输速度减小一半，将会使每一符号间隔时间延长1倍。人体内金属污染物的磁场通常约为地球磁场的百万分之一。压力将减少到原来数值的1/4。
