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1、学习目标学习目标1. 1.掌握被动语态的用法掌握被动语态的用法2. 2.掌握如何将主动语态变成掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态被动语态英语的两大语态：英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态A.A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者发出者。宾语。宾语是谓语动词的对象。是谓语动词的对象。B.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者承受者( (动作的动作的对象对象) )。被动语态的谓语构成被动语态的谓语构成:助动词助动词bebe动词过去分词动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：在下列三种情
2、况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：We clean our classroom every day.Our classroomis cleaned主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语by usevery day结构：主动语态：结构：主动语态：主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 被动语态：被动语态：主语主语 be +过去分词过去分词by+宾语宾语即即即
3、即: :、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主, ,谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。” ”( (注注注注: :主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词byby宾语宾语宾语宾语) )注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且的时态不能变。且bebe动词和新主语保持一动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，如果
4、主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词改为被动句时作介词 byby的宾语，要用宾格。的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ”来进行。即：来进行。即： 变变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。的宾语。套套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：例：Many peop
5、le speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一变一变二套二套三注意三注意各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+
6、过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形动词原形will/be going to+be+过过去分词去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分过去分词词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分过去分词词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had
7、+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题一些使役动词一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词或感官动词(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式动词不定式不不带带to，但改为，但改为被动语态被动语态时，要补上时，要补上to。如：。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The w
8、orkers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.D.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing
9、in the room every day.注意注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch see/hear/watch sbsb doing doing sthsth时，变为被动语态时，时，变为被动语态时， doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb
10、be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo 把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句 Lily writes many letters every day. (主动主动) They visited this farm last year.（
11、主动）（主动） We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动）（主动） Many letters are writtenby Lily every day. This farm was visitedby them last year.3000 English words have been learned by us so far.把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句 1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk was cleaned b
12、y the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees will be planted by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room must be kept clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief has been caught by the police. 5. The farmers are cutting d
13、own the trees on the hill. The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.1.She waters the flowers every dayThe flowersevery day.are wateredby her3.They do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school. 2. I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me)
14、 last term.4.Our students mustnt smoke cigarettes.Cigarettes mustnt be smoked by our students.5.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago. Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.is grownis spokenis usedis cleanedare made
