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1、 Womens LiberationQuoteBecause I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes. They will say, Women dont have what it takes. -Clare Boothe Luce (克莱尔布思卢斯)DefinitionFirst Wave FeminismSecond Wave FeminismThird Wave FeminismConclusionTabl
2、e of Content The definition of the feminist movementl lFeminismFeminism l lrefers to political, cultural, and economic refers to political, cultural, and economic movementsmovements seeking seeking greater, equal, or, among a minority, greater, equal, or, among a minority, superiorsuperior rights an
3、d participation rights and participation in society for women.in society for women.lThe Feminist MovementlWomens Movement, Womens Liberation, refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive right, maternity leave, equal pay, womens suffrage and sexual violence.HistoryFirst
4、 Wavel First Wave Feminism: 1900s1920sBy 1900, suffragettes are campaigning heavily for voting rights. Also in the 1920s, feminism takes the form of alternative style trends such as flapper dresses and short haircuts, and “masculine” behaviors like smoking and drinking alcohol.representativeslVirgin
5、ia Woolf, a representative of the British woman writer, is considered to be one of the pioneers who support modernism and feminism in the 20th century.representativeslIn the United States, feminist movement leaders campaigned for the national abolition of slavery and Temperance before championing wo
6、mens rights. American first-wave feminism involved a wide range of women, some belonging to conservative Christian groups (such as Frances Willard and the Womans Christian Temperance Union), others resembling the diversity and radicalism of much of second-wave feminism (such as Stanton, Anthony, Mat
7、ilda Joslyn Gage, and the National Woman Suffrage Association, of which Stanton was president). First-wave feminism in the United States is considered to have ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1920), which granted women the right to vote in the Uni
8、ted States.lElizabeth Cady Stanton (seated) and Susan B. AnthonyMain articleslAuthor and scholar Helen Kendrick Johnson opposed womens suffrage.l First-wave feminism lHistory of women in the United StateslEurope and the United States women won the right to vote, inheritance, the right to higher educ
9、ation and do businesslResultSocial Impact -19th Amendment“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” -Ratified on August 18, 1920. Second Wave Feminismfrom the early 1960s through the late 1980scause rep
10、resentativesresultCauseCulture and political inequalityIncreased female enrollment in higher educationThe establishment of academic womens studies courses and departmentsRepresentativesGloria Steinem at news conference, Womens Action Alliance, January 12, 1972Gloria Betty Friedan 1960, The Feminine
11、Mystique, and Womens LiberationResultThe movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized and reflective of a sexist power structure. second-wave feminists focused on other cultural equality issues, such as ending discriminationThe American Third Wave Fem
12、inismfrom 1990s to the present.central issues are race, social class and sexuality. youth feminism（青年女性主义）women of color feminism（有色人种女性主义）postcolonial feminism（后殖民女性主义）queer theory（怪异理论）, Cyber-feminism（赛博女性主义） The movement arose as a response to the perceived failures and backlash against initiati
13、ves and movements created by second-wave feminism, and the realization that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and cultural backgrounds. Influenced by postmodern(后现代主义), post-structuralist (后结构主义) and postcolonial (后殖民主义) thoughts, the movements focus from identity and e
14、quality to debates around difference and alliance.CauseThe American Third Wave FeminismlBell Hooksan American author, feminist, and social activist.Her writing has focused on the race, capitalism, and gender. Through a postmodern perspective, hooks has addressed race, class, and gender in education,
15、 art, history, sexuality, mass media, and feminism.Represe-ntativesThe American Third Wave FeminismShe has published over thirty books. For example, Aint I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism has gained widespread recognition as an influential contribution to postmodern feminist thought.It has given
16、birth to one of the most compelling visions of our era, contributing to dealing not only with womens inequality, but with the most pressing problems in the world. Although the third wave feminism has had a history more than twenty years, American academia are still controversial about such issues as to what on earth is third wave, what strands of thoughts may be included, or whether it has achieved.InfluenceThe American Third Wave Feminism
