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1、第一节技法点拨专题二完形填空题型分析策略指导内容索引题型分析把脉近三年天津卷考向分布把脉近三年天津卷考向分布年份年份 体裁体裁 个数个数题型题型2018201720166月月3月月6月月3月月6月月记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文句内层次句内层次(较易较易)91091010句组层次句组层次(中等中等)87888语篇层次语篇层次(较难较难)33322分分析析近近3年年的的天天津津卷卷高高考考试试题题，我我们们不不难难发发现现，完完形形填填空空的的文文章章体体裁裁主主要要是是记记叙叙文文。内内容容主主要要是是传传播播知知识识，传传递递正正能能量量，可可读读性性较较强强。
2、题题型型分分为为句句内内层层次次、句句组组层层次次、语语篇篇层层次次等等三三个个层层次次，以以句句内内层层次次和和句句组组层层次次题题为为主主，语语篇篇层层次次题题为为辅辅，较较难难的的语语篇篇层层次次题题仅仅有有3道道左左右右。这这就就要要求求考考生生在在做做完完形形填填空空题题时时，心心中中始始终终有有这这三三个个层层次次，认认真真甄甄别别每每道道题题是是属属于于哪哪种种层层次次，然然后后再再确确定定用用何何种种方方法法来来解解题题，从从而而做做到到万万无一失。无一失。策略指导一、解题步骤一、解题步骤1.通通读读全全文文，把把握握主主旨旨。 在在速速读读全全文文的的过过程程中中要要重重视视
3、首首句句、首首段段的的信信息息，注注意意找找出出文文章章的的关关键键词词、中中心心词词，画画出出某某些些代代表表人人物物和和情情节节的的词词句句，理理清清“情节线情节线”和和“情感线情感线”，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。2.上上下下求求索索，先先易易后后难难。 完完形形填填空空设设题题通通常常分分为为句句内内、句句组组和和语语篇篇三三个个层层次次，做做题题时时先先易易后后难难，遇遇到到没没有有把把握握的的题题目目时时，可可暂暂时时跳跳过过空空格格，顺顺着着原原来来的的思思路路推推进进，等等到到大大部部分分空空格格选选出出答答案案后后，借借助助已已补补全全的的信信息息，
4、回头扫除回头扫除“最牛钉子户最牛钉子户”。3.复复读读全全文文，微微调调答答案案。 做做完完题题后后，把把填填好好的的短短文文通通读读一一遍遍，看看看看有有没没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以改正。有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以改正。二、解题策略二、解题策略完完形形填填空空题题的的解解答答实实际际上上就就是是通通过过已已知知信信息息去去破破解解未未知知信信息息。这这需需要要考考生生从从完完形形填填空空文文章章所所包包含含的的庞庞杂杂的的已已知知信信息息体体系系中中分分析析、查查找找、排排查查无无关关的的已已知知信信息息，定定位位和和查查找找出出与与每每处处具具体体的的填填空空相相
5、关关联联的的已已知知信信息息，再再根根据据这这些些信信息息最最终终得得出出正正确确答答案案。下下面面我我们们将将介介绍绍句句内内、句句组组和和语语篇篇三三种种层层次次题题的的常常用用解解题题技技巧巧，看看看看应应如如何何利利用用已已知知信信息息来来确确定未知信息。定未知信息。(一一)句内层次题句内层次题1.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完完形形填填空空中中经经常常会会考考查查一一些些习习惯惯搭搭配配和和固固定定结结构构，这这时时考考生生就就需需要要运运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。例例题题(20176月月天天津津)This bination of
6、 healing myself and healing the world 26 me as the perfect solution.A.scared B.consideredC.confused D.struck分分析析本本题题可可以以利利用用固固定定搭搭配配解解题题。strike sb. as sth. 给给某某人人以以某某种种印印象，让某人觉得。故选象，让某人觉得。故选D。分析2.利用生活常识和文化背景解题利用生活常识和文化背景解题完完形形填填空空文文章章中中往往往往渗渗透透着着诸诸如如文文化化科科学学、历历史史地地理理、风风俗俗民民情情等等方方面面的的知知识识。考考生生在在做做题题时
7、时，若若能能积积极极地地调调动动自自己己的的文文化化背背景景知知识识和和生生活活常常识识，巧巧妙妙地地加加以以运运用用，特特别别是是注注意意中中西西文文化化的的差差异异，将将会会大大大大简简化化复复杂杂的的分分析析与与判判断断过过程程，节节省省宝宝贵贵的的时时间间，顺顺利利地地沿沿作作者者的思路阅读下去。的思路阅读下去。例例题题(20186月月天天津津)No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own 16 .A.luck B.testsC.efforts D.nature分分析析本本题题可可以以
8、利利用用生生活活常常识识和和文文化化背背景景解解题题。根根据据常常识识可可知知，只只有有依依靠靠自自己己的的努努力力才才能能成成为为赢赢家家。luck幸幸运运；test测测试试；effort努努力力；nature自自然然。根根据据前前一一句句“No one is born a winner.”(没没有有人人天天生生就就是是赢家赢家)，可知选，可知选C。分析3.利用对应成分分析法解题利用对应成分分析法解题完完形形填填空空文文章章的的上上下下文文之之间间以以及及句句子子内内部部之之间间往往往往有有着着一一定定的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，它它使使句句子子的的各各个个成成分分之之间间形形成成一一定定的的对对
9、应应关关系系。考考生生可可以以根根据据这这种种逻逻辑辑关关系系找找出出与与未未知知填填空空相相对对应应的的已已知知成成分分，将将它它作作为为线线索索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。通过它推断出未知填空的答案。例例题题(2017全全国国)Before the school year 47.ended，I gave the kids a special 48.gift，T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your 49.Friends” on them.I had advised the kids that while verbs(动动词词) may seem du
10、ll，most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.50.A.simple B.uniqueC.fun D.clever分析分分析析本本题题可可以以利利用用逻逻辑辑关关系系解解题题。根根据据前前半半句句“It was a tradition for the schools old team”中中的的old team提提示示可可知知，春春季季训训练练结结束束时时，学学校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选D。4.利用逻辑关系解题利用逻辑关系解题此此方方法法是是通通过过分分析析未未知知填填
11、空空前前后后文文已已知知信信息息之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系来来确确定定答答案案，主主要要应应用用于于完完形形填填空空的的两两类类题题型型：一一是是考考查查连连接接词词和和起起连连接接词词作作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。例例题题(20186月月天天津津)It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice.A.successful B.excellentC.strong D.new分析5.利用语境暗示分
12、析法解题利用语境暗示分析法解题上上下下文文语语境境具具体体体体现现为为：全全文文的的中中心心主主线线和和主主题题、作作者者的的态态度度倾倾向向和和评评价价、上上下下文文语语篇篇衔衔接接、句句际际和和段段际际关关系系。在在句句内内层层次次中中，我我们们通通常常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。例例题题Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，a
13、lmost always 38.bothered by things.37.A.received B.answeredC.expected D.rejected分析(二二)句组层次题句组层次题1.利用语义复现解题利用语义复现解题复复现现是是一一种种语语义义衔衔接接手手段段，它它通通过过原原词词、同同义义词词或或近近义义词词、反反义义词词、上上义义词词、下下义义词词、同同源源词词或或同同根根词词等等重重复复出出现现来来表表达达某某一一概概念念，使使整整篇篇文文章章上上下下连连贯贯、有有机机地地衔衔接接在在一一起起。因因此此，考考生生可可根根据据文文章章的的具具体体情情况况，理理解解文文章章的的结
14、结构构和和语语境境，利利用用文文章章中中的的语语义义复复现现现现象象来来选选择择正正确的答案。确的答案。分分析析本本题题可可以以利利用用语语义义复复现现解解题题。本本题题为为原原词词复复现现。根根据据上上文文中中的的“we were asked to create a project”可可知知，此此处处应应填填project。project项项目；目；business生意；生意；system系统；系统；custom风俗。故选风俗。故选A。例例题题(20176月月天天津津)That year，I 21.attended a seminar where we were asked to creat
15、e a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her 22.success storyshe had not only lost 125 pounds，but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.23.Influenced by her story，I created the As We Heal(痊痊愈愈)，the World Heals 24 .24.A.project B.businessC.system D.custom分析2.利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题利
16、用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在在高高考考完完形形填填空空文文章章中中，我我们们一一定定要要在在快快速速阅阅读读文文章章的的过过程程中中，仔仔细细找找出出能能够够反反映映作作者者态态度度和和感感情情色色彩彩的的重重要要词词汇汇，它它们们往往往往是是名名词词、形形容容词词、副副词词或或动动词词等等。这这些些词词汇汇通通常常是是我我们们做做题题时时重重要要的的参参照照线线索索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。分分析析本本题题可可以以利利用用作作者者态态度度或或感感情情色色彩彩关关联联解解题题。联联系系上上文文的的“She had a firm inte
17、ntion”及及下下文文的的“But that didnt stop her from trying.”可以看出，她是一个意志坚定的可以看出，她是一个意志坚定的(determined)人。故选人。故选B。例例题题(2016天天津津)She had a 26.firm intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes，into this 27 human being with a passion and a miss
18、ion.But that didnt stop her from trying.27.A.trusted B.determinedC.experienced D.embarrassed分析分分析析本本题题可可以以利利用用逻逻辑辑关关系系解解题题。前前文文提提到到“他他们们对对你你的的了了解解全全部部通通过过这这台台装装置置，有有时时来来自自数数百百英英里里远远的的地地方方”，本本空空用用副副词词yet表表示示转转折折含义：可是他们觉得仅仅通过你的声音他们就能够了解你。故选含义：可是他们觉得仅仅通过你的声音他们就能够了解你。故选B。3.利用逻辑关系解题利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系
19、解题同样是一种重要的方法。在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。例例题题(2016全全国国)Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 43 they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.43.A.Thus B.YetC.Then D.Indeed分析4.利用语境暗示分析法解题利用语境暗示分析法解题在在句句组组层层次次题题中中，有有些些题题目目我
20、我们们往往往往也也需需要要通通过过上上下下文文语语境境，即即根根据据已知信息，推导出正确答案。已知信息，推导出正确答案。例例题题(2016全全国国)When I was 13 my only purpose was to bee the star on our football team.That meant 41.beating out Miller King，who was the best 42 at our school.42.A.coach B.studentC.teacher D.player分析(三三)语篇层次题语篇层次题1.利用语义复现解题利用语义复现解题在语篇层次题中，我们同
21、样可以利用语义复现解题。在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。例例题题(20176月月天天津津)27.As I began my own personal weight program，I was filled with the fear that I would 28.run into the same difficulties that beat me before.While the 29 hung over my head，there were also signs.29.A.excitement B.joyC.anger D.fear分分析析本本题题可可以以利利用用语语义义复
22、复现现解解题题。本本题题为为原原词词复复现现。根根据据上上文文中中的的“I was filled with the fear”可知，此处应填可知，此处应填fear。故选。故选D。分析2.利用总分结构对照分析法解题利用总分结构对照分析法解题完完形形填填空空往往往往采采用用总总分分对对照照结结构构，这这种种结结构构可可以以为为我我们们提提供供重重要要的的解解题线索。题线索。例例题题In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The 36.problem is that countri
23、es around the world have growing mountains of 37.rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society？First of all，it is now easier to 39.replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40.Thanks to modern manufacturing(制制造造业业) and tech
24、nology，panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and41.cheap.Another cause is our42.love of disposable(一一次次性性的的) products.As 43.busy people，we are always looking for 44.ways to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 45.produce thousands of different
25、 kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46.contributes to the problem. We are 47.addicted to buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 48.newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The resu
26、lt is that we 49.throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones.38.A.face B.beeC.observe D.change分析3.利用逻辑关系解题利用逻辑关系解题在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。例例题题Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night，the two of
27、them 36.sat side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning， 38 ，their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written t
28、o plain(抱抱怨怨) about the sound of the piano. Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管管理理员员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning，Dario suggestedthat they write a letter to their 41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.38.A.therefore B.howeverC.otherwise D.instead分析
