新编实用英语综合教程1Unit7

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1、HealthHealthPART IParting and FarewellLISTENING COMPREHENSIONWords to KnowShort ConversationsSituational DialoguesPassage Listening W Words to Knowords to Know1. contact /k1. contact /kntkt/ntkt/n. n. 接触，联系接触，联系; ; 联系人联系人v. (v. (与与) )联系，联系，( (与与) )接触接触adj. adj. 接触的接触的 2. reference /refr2. reference

2、/refrns/ns/n. n. 参考，出处，参照参考，出处，参照n. n. 推荐人，推荐函推荐人，推荐函vt. vt. 提供参考提供参考 3. flight3. flight/flait/flait/n. n. 飞行，航班飞行，航班 n. n. 奇思妙想，一段楼梯奇思妙想，一段楼梯n. n. 逃跑逃跑v. (v. (鸟鸟) )惊飞惊飞 4. monthly /m4. monthly /mnli/nli/adj. adj. 每月的，持续一个月的，每月发生的每月的，持续一个月的，每月发生的adv. adv. 每月，按月每月，按月n. n. 月刊月刊5. decision5. decision/d

3、isi/disin/ n. n/ n. 决定，决策决定，决策 6. umbrella /6. umbrella /mbrelmbrel/ /n. 伞，雨伞 adj. 像伞状分布的vt. (用伞)遮住 7. sociology7. sociology/.s/.susiusil ld di/i/ n. 社会学，社会关系学，群落生态学 8. slum8. slum /slslm/m/n. 贫民窟vi. 访问贫民区 9. evaluation /i.vljuei9. evaluation /i.vljuein/ n/ n. 估价，评价 10. exception10. exception /iksep

4、/iksepn/n/n. 除外，例外，律异议，反对11. remain/ rimein/v. 保持，依然，剩余，留下，逗留n. 遗迹，剩余物，残骸 12. astound /12. astound /staund/staund/v. 使惊骇，使大吃一惊 adj. 震惊的 13. pursue13. pursue/p/psju:/sju:/ v. 追捕，追求，继续从事 14. alert /14. alert /ll:t/:t/adj. 警觉的，灵敏的n. 警戒，警报vt. 警惕，使意识到 15. formula15. formula /f/f:mjul:mjul/ /n. 公式，配方，规则；代

5、乳品adj. （赛车的）级的，方程式的S Short Conversationshort ConversationsDirections :Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.1. A: _ a little longer? B: _, but I shall _ if I dont hurry.2. A: Well, I am afraid I must go now. You can _ my house when you _. B: Yes, I will. Goodbye!3. A

6、: Oh, the bell. _. See you later, Tom. B: See you later, John.4. A: OK. Ill _ next Monday about the job. _. See you. B: See you.5. A: Im really sorry, but I have to go now. My flight _. B: _. Bye-bye. S Situational Dialoguesituational DialoguesDialogue 1You will hear a dialogue between Emma, a girl

7、who is looking for a job at a cinema and Hugh, who is a Cinema Manager.1. What are they talking about? A. Film. B. Job. C. Ticket. D. Time.2. How many hours should Emma work? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.3. When can Emma be free? A. Monday. B. Friday. C. Sunday. D. Weekend.4. How much monthly pay does Emm

8、a hope? A. More than 800 yuan. B. Less than 800 yuan. C. More than 600 yuan. D. Less than 600 yuan.5. What does the manager think of the job? A. Difficult. B. Complex. C. Simple. D. Hard.Dialogue 2You will hear a dialogue between Mary and Tom. Tom is about to leave the party, so he is saying good-by

9、e to the hostess, Mary.1. What time is it when Tom is saying good-bye to Mary? A. Ten. B. Nine. C. Seven. D. Eleven.2. Where will Tom go now? A. His office. B. A friends home. C. His own home. D. The party.3. What happens when Tom is saying good-bye to Mary? A. His car is gone. C. He felt cold. B. I

10、ts raining. D. He becomes hungry.4. How far is Toms house from here? A. Next to Marys house. C. Ten miles from Marys house. B. Not far from Marys house D. Ten minutes from Marys house.5. What did Tom think of the party? A. Wonderful. B. Bad. C. Noisy. D. Mad.Situational DialoguesP Passage Listeninga

11、ssage Listening 1. Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the missing words with the exact words you hear on the tape. A college professor had his sociology class go to the Baltimore slums to get case histories of 200 young boys. They were asked to write an _ of each boys _. In every case the

12、 students wrote, “He hasnt got a _.” Twenty-five years later，another sociology professor _ _ the earlier study. He had his students follow up on the project to see what had happened to these boys. With the _ of 20 boys who had moved away or died, the students _ that 176 of the remaining 180 had _ mo

13、re than ordinary success as lawyers, doctors and _. The professor was astonished and decided to pursue the matter _. Fortunately, all the men were in the area and he was able to ask each one, “How do you _ your success?” In each case the reply came with feeling, “There was a teacher.” The teacher wa

14、s still _, so he sought her out and asked the old but still alert lady what magic formula she had used to pull these boys out of the slums into successful _. The teachers eyes sparkled and her lips broke into a _ smile. “Its really very simple,” she said. “I loved those boys.” 2. Directions: Listen

15、to the passage again and answer the following questions in brief.(1) What evaluation did the sociology class write about these boys? _(2) When did another professor discover the earlier study? _(3) How many boys achieved success when they had grown up? _(4) Who made these boys successful? _(5) What

16、did the writer want to tell us after we heard the story? _Passage ListeningPART IISPEAKING DEVELOPMENT Parting and FarewellSituational DialoguesUseful Sentences and ExpressionsNew words and ExpressionsDialogue 1A Chinese student visits her major professor and eats the dinner with the professors fami

17、ly. This is the conversation when she has to go home.Cao: Im sorry Ive got to leave. I have to finish the essay tonight. Ed: Dont work too hard. I can review your essay when you finish it.Cao: Its kind of you to say so. Thank you for your delicious dinner. Ed: Thank you for visiting us. Please remem

18、ber me to your wife and daughter.Cao: Yes, I will. Ed: Take care of yourself.Cao: Thank you. Good-bye.Situational DialoguesDialogue 2Mr. Hu visits his colleague Ed, and its time that he had to say good-bye to Ed.Hu: Oh, its late. Ive got to leave now. Ed: Mustnt you stay a little longer?Hu: Im going

19、 to attend a conference at eight tomorrow morning, so I must get up early.Ed: Well, Im sorry you cant stay any longer. Thank you for visiting us.Hu: Its very nice staying with you tonight. Ed: Please stop by us again whenever youre available. You are always welcome.Hu: Thank you very much. I will. G

20、ood night.Ed: Take care. Good night.Dialogue 3Miss Cao will go back to China, and she never forgets to say good-bye to her professor Ed.Cao: Im calling to say good-bye. Ed: Oh, my God. Youre leaving here?Cao: Yes, I have finished my research here. Im taking my flight at Pullman? Ed: When is your fli

21、ght?Cao: Northwest Airlines, Flight 1098, tomorrow evening, eight-twenty. Ed: Is there anything we can do for you?Cao: No, thanks. The Chinese Students Association has made everything ready for me. Ed: Thats good. Do tell us if you need any help.Cao: Thank you very much. In fact, youve done a lot fo

22、r me. Im really grateful to you and the faculty. Ed: Its my pleasure. Email me after you get home.Cao: I will. Good-bye. Ed: Good-bye, and have a good flight.Situational Dialogues1. I think Id better be going now. Ive got to get up early tomorrow.2. I hope you will excuse me, but I have to get back

23、to my office.3. I think I ought to be going now. My baby-sitter is to leave at 11:00.4. I hate to say good-bye, but Ive got to go now.5. Time to hit the road.6. Better get moving.7. Id like to say goodbye to everyone.Useful Sentences and Expressions8. Thank you. Ive enjoyed this beautiful evening.9.

24、 Thank you for coming!10. See you. / So long. / See you later.11. Bye-bye. / Good-bye now.12. Have a good / nice day / weekend.13. Take care.14. I hope you enjoy your trip.15. Ill look forward to seeing you soon.16. Lets hope well meet again.17. Drop in anytime you like.18. My regards to your family

25、.19. A pleasant journey to you!1.association2.e-mail3.Northwest Airlines4.PullmanNew words and ExpressionsPART IIIINTEGRATED COURSE Text AText A Walking Makes You Healthy Walking Makes You Healthy Many people are often very busy with a variety of things at work or at home, so they have no time for e

26、ntertainment. This is a bad phenomenon. We should make an effort to look for relaxation. A proverb says, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” Lacking of relaxation is really harmful for ones health. Even if we cant afford luxurious relaxing ways, we can just walk at least. Experts say walki

27、ng is one of the best ways to stay healthy. They call it the worlds most natural exercise. Walking is less dangerous than running. About fifty million Americans are active in what is called “fitness” walking. They take short walks a few times each week to improve their health. Fitness walking can be

28、 done almost anywhere, anytime. No special equipment is needed. Experts advise drinking lots of water before and after each walk. Some people might ask this question: How useful is walking for your health? Now, the answer comes as follows: Walking will give you more energy, help you to relax, reduce

29、 stress, help you sleep better, tone your muscles, decrease some diseases and adjust your mood. It also helps control your appetite, and increase the number of calories. For all these reasons, people have started walking programs. From now on, if your mood is not good, just go out walking for a mome

30、nt; if you feel tired, please walk along the river and have a relax; if you are a little fat, you can also keep fit by walking. Dont hesitate any more, my dear friends. Walking is one of the easiest ways to exercise. Come with me and lets just walk!New Words and expressionsphenomenon /finminn / n. 现

31、象 effort /eft / n. 努力 proverb /prv:b / n. 谚语 afford /f:d / vt. 负担得起，给予，供给 luxurious /lgu:ris / adj. 奢侈的，豪华的 expert /eksp:t / n. 专家 natural /ntrl / adj. 自然的 improve /impru:v / vt. 改善，改进，提高special /spel / adj. 特殊的，特别的 equipment /ikwipmnt / n. 设备，器材energy /endi / n. 能量，精力，活力stress /stres / n. 压力muscle

32、/msl /n. 肌肉Decrease/di:kri:s / vt. & vi. （使某物）变小或 变少；减少 n. 减少，降低disease /dizi:z / n. 疾病mood /mu:d / n. 心情，情appetite /pitait /n. 食欲，胃口calorie /klri /n. （热量单位）卡，卡路里hesitate /heziteit / vi. 犹豫，踌躇a variety of 各种各样的lack of 缺乏less than 不到，少于the number of. 的数量from now on 从现在开始keep fit 保持健康All work and no p

33、lay makes Jack a dull boy.这是一句谚语，意思是“只工作不玩耍，聪明的杰克也变傻。”此句强调了休闲活动的重要性。Words to KnowWords to Know1.1.afford afford 及物动词及物动词 vt. vt. 1) (常与can, could, be able to连用)买得起;有足够的.(去做.) +to-vThey did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。 We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不

34、起这个价钱。 2)【书】提供,给予O1Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。2. Advise1)及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 劝告,忠告We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。 We advised him against acting in haste. 我们劝他不要匆忙行事。 2. 当.的顾问(+on)3. 通知,告知(+of)O5O6Please advise us of any change in your plan. 你们的计划倘有变更,请告诉我们。 4. 建议采取2)不及物动词不及物动词

35、vi. 1. 劝告,忠告I advised against their doing it. 我劝他们不要做这件事。 2. 当顾问W3. 建议4. 【美】商量He advised with his partners before making the decision. 他在作出决定前曾与合伙人商量过。 3. hesitate 1)不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 踌躇;犹豫Dont hesitate about that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。 2. 说话吞吞吐吐2)及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 有疑虑,不愿意+to-vHe did not h

36、esitate to ask her to sit beside him. 他毫不犹豫地请她坐在他身旁。hesitation n.hesitation n. Detailed Study of the Text A1.Many people are often very busy with a variety of things at work or athome, so they have no time for entertainment. This is a bad phenomenon.We should make an effort to look for relaxation. 许

37、多人经常忙于工作或家中各种各样的事情，所以他们没有时间娱乐。这是一个不好的现象。我们应努力寻找放松。be busy with sth. 忙于某事I was busy with my children. 我忙於照顾孩子。The plan for the new book is on ice at the moment. Ive been busy with too many other things.写那本新书的计划暂时搁一下，我一直忙于太多其它的事情。a variety of 多种多样的it has a variety of forms.所以它也就有了不同的形式。make effort to

38、do sth. 尽力做某事You will fall the exam if you dont make effort.如果你再不努力些的话,你会考不及格的.I decided to make one more effort.我决定再作一次努力。2. Lacking of relaxation is really harmful for ones health.缺乏放松才是对人真正地有害健康。lack of 缺少The flowers are wilting for lack of water.这些花因缺水而渐渐枯萎。Her decision seems to show a lack of p

39、olitical judgment.她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。The lack of rain aggravated the already serious shortage of food.干旱少雨使原本就很严重的粮食短缺问题更加严重。be harmful to/for 对有害Acid rain is harmful to amphibians such as salamanders, spring peepers, and frogs.酸雨是有害于两栖的动物,例如鲵、春天里唧唧叫的小动物和青蛙。3. They call it the worlds most natural exer

40、cise. 他们称它是世界上最自然的运动。他们称它是世界上最自然的运动。call 1)把把.叫做叫做,称呼称呼She called him Joe. 她称他乔。她称他乔。 2) 把把.视为视为,认为认为I call it silly. 我认为这是一件蠢事。我认为这是一件蠢事。 4. Now, the answer comes as follows: Walking will give you more energy, help you to relax, reduce stress, help you sleep better, tone your muscles, decrease some

41、 diseases and adjust your mood. 现在，回答如下：步行会给你更多的能量，帮助你放松，减少压力，帮助你睡得更好，调节你的肌肉，减少疾病并调整你的情绪。reduce及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 减少;缩小;降低He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。 2. 使处于(某种状态);使化为,使变为(+to)The fire reduced the paintings to ashes. 大火将这些画作烧成了灰烬。 3. 迫使H(+to)Poverty reduced him to begging. 贫穷迫使他行乞。 4. 降服,

42、攻陷5. 使降级,使降职(+to)The officer was reduced to the ranks. 这军官被降为士兵。 6. 把.归纳,把.归并(+to)Finally the chair reduced all the questions to one. 最后主席把所有的问题归纳为一个。 7. 把.弄碎;把.分解;把.分析(+to)8. 使变弱,使变瘦H(+to)The cancer victim was reduced to skin and bones. 那个癌症患者瘦得皮包骨。 9. 把.折合(成较小单位)(+to)不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 减少;缩小;降低2. 减

43、轻体重,减肥It is easy to reduce if you watch your diet. 你如果注意饮食,减肥并不难。 3. 归纳为,化为(+to)5. It also helps control your appetite, and increase the number of calories. 它也能帮助控制你的食欲并增加卡路里的数量它也能帮助控制你的食欲并增加卡路里的数量control及物动词 vt. 1. 控制;支配;管理She is skillful enough to control the machine now. 现在她已有了足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。 The

44、 British government at that time controlled the island. 当时英国政府控制该岛。 2. 克制;抑制You must learn to control your temper. 你必须学会克制着不发脾气。 3. (用对照物)核实;检验名词 n. 1. 支配;控制;调节;抑制U(+of/over)They have no control over him. 他们控制不了他。 2. 控制手段(或措施);统制P1(+on/over)3. 操纵装置PThe helicopter landed with Joe at the controls. 直升飞

45、机在乔的操纵下降落。 4. 指挥部UG5. (实验的)对照物C6. From now on, if your mood is not good, just go out walking for a moment; if you feel tired, please walk along the river and have a relax; if you are a little fat, you can also keep fit by walking.从现在起，如果你的心情不好，就出去走了一会儿;如果你觉得累了，请沿江散步放松；如果你有点胖，你也可以通过步行来保持健康。along沿着;顺着

46、I was driving my car along a muddy path. 我沿着泥泞的小路开车。 keep fit 保持健康Then what do you do to keep fit?那么,你是怎么健身的?I work out regularly to keep fit.我经常努力锻炼身体以保持健康.7. Dont hesitate any more, my dear friends. 不要再犹豫了，我亲爱的朋友any more 再The deadline is drawing near; we cant delay any more.限期快到了，不能再拖延。I cant eat

47、any more; my stomach is bulging.我一点也吃不下，肚子都鼓起来了。Stop it! I cant stand it any more!住口!我再受不了了！Text Text B Public Health Public Health The goals of public health are to prevent human disease, injury, and disability; protect people from environmental health hazards; promote behaviors that lead to good p

48、hysical and mental health; educate the public about health；and assure availability of high quality health services. Public health systems vary in different parts of the world, depending upon the prevalent health problems. In the developing world, where sanitation problems and limited medical resourc

49、es persist, infectious diseases are the most significant threat to public health. Public health officials devote resources to establish sanitation systems and immunization programs to curb the spread of infectious diseases, and provide routine medical care to rural and isolated populations. In indus

50、trialized nations, sanitary food and water supplies and excellent medical resources have reduced rates of infectious disease. Instead, accidents and diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks, and strokes are among the leading causes of death. In these areas, public health goals include education p

51、rograms to teach people how to prevent accidents and lessen their risk for disease, and the maintenance of the excellent disease prevention systems already established. Public health workers may engage in activities outside the scope of ordinary medical practice. These include inspecting and licensi

52、ng restaurants; checking the safety of housing, water, and food supplies. In assuring overall community health, public health officials also act as advocates for laws and regulationssuch as drug licensing or product labeling requirements. Most people think of public health workers as physicians and

53、nurses, but a wide variety of other professionals work in public health, including sanitary engineers, microbiologists, laboratory technicians, statisticians, economists and administrators.New Words and ExpressionsNew Words and Expressions goal /gul / n.目的，目标injury /indri / n.伤害，侮辱disability /disbil

54、iti / adj.无力，无能，残疾environmental /invairnmentl /adj.周围的，环境的hazard /hzd / n.危险，有危险的事物promote /prmut / vt.增进，促进，发扬assure /u / vt. 确保，保证，担保 availability /veilbiliti / n.可用性，有效性，实用性quality /kwliti / n.重量，品质，性质vary /vri / vt. 改变，变更，使多样化prevalent /prevlnt / adj.普遍的，流行的sanitation /snitein / n.卫生设施persist /p

55、:sist / vi.坚持，持续infectious /infeks / adj.有传染性的，易传染的devote /divut/ vt.投入于，献身immunization /imjunaizein / n.免除，免疫curb /k:b /vt.抑制；控制rural /ru:rl / adj.乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的，生活在农村的isolated /aisleitid / adj,隔离的，孤立的，单独的sanitary /snitri / adj.(有关)卫生的, (保持)清洁的，清洁卫生的lung /l / n. 肺，呼吸器，肺脏stroke /struk / n.中风leading /

56、li:di / adj.主要的；重要的lessen /lesn / vi.减少，减轻maintenance /meintinn / n. 维护，保持engage /ingeid / vt.使从事于，使参加scope /skup / n.(活动)范围，机会，余地advocate /dvkeit / n. 提倡者，鼓吹者label /leibl / n.标签，签条，商标professional /prfenl / n.专业人员statistician /sttistin / n. 统计员，统计学家economist /i:knmist / n.经济学者，经济家administrator /dmin

57、istreit / n. 管理人，行政官New Words and ExpressionsNew Words and Expressionsprotect sb. from. 保护某人免遭depend upon/on 依靠；依赖a variety of 各种的，多种多样的think of. as. 把当做lead to 通往，通到；导致such as. 例如，比如act as 担任，充当；起作用be to 将要engage in 使从事于，参加environmental health 环境卫生public health 公共卫生Words to know1.prevent 及物动词及物动词 v

58、t. 1) 防止,预防Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds. 维生素C被认为能预防感冒。 2) 阻止;制止;妨碍(+from)Who prevents their plans from being carried out? 谁阻止他们的计划不让实施? Of course I cant prevent your going. 当然,我不能阻止你去。 3) 【古】先做;先去;先来不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 妨碍;阻止2. protect及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 保护,防护(+against/from)May God protect you fr

59、om harm. 愿上帝保佑你免受伤害。 Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun. 戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。 2. 【经】(借着对进口商品征收关税或设限等)保护(本国产业)3. 为.保险(+against)The insurance policy protects you against injury. 如遭伤害,这保险单保证偿付你的损失。 4. 【商】备款以支付(应期汇票,债务等)5. 在.上装防护装置以免伤害3. promote 及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 晋升(+to)He certainly ought

60、 to be promoted. 他应该要提升。 2. 使(学生)升级(+to)Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade. 通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。 3. 促进;发扬;引起The Prime Ministers visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries. 首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。 4. 促使(法律等)通过Promote a bill in Parliament. 促使议案在议会获得通过。 5. 发起,创立Se

61、veral bankers promoted the new company. 好几个银行家联手创立了这个新公司。 6. 【美】宣传,推销(商品等)Your job is to promote the new product. 你的工作是促销这一新产品。 7. 【美】【俚】用不正当手段获得4. assure及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 向.保证,担保(+of)I can assure you of the reliability of the information. 我向你保证这消息可靠。 The captain of the ship assured the passengers tha

62、t there was no danger. 船长向乘客保证没有危险。 2. 使确信,使放心(+of)We assured our clients of an enjoyable holiday. 我们使游客确信准能过一个愉快的假期。 3. (后接oneself)使弄清楚,使确定They assured themselves that the bridge was safe before crossing it. 他们直到弄清楚那座桥确实安全后才通过。 4. 确保,保障Her future was assured. 她的未来是有保障的。 5. 保证给予5. depend不及物动词不及物动词 v

63、i. 1. 相信;信赖(+on/upon)I knew he wasnt to be depended upon. 我知道他不可信赖。 2. 依靠,依赖(+on/upon)Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 健康依靠的是良好的食物,新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。 3. 依.而定;取决于(+on/upon)It depends on the weather. 这取决于天气。 The price depends on the quality. 价格取决于品质。 4. 悬而未决6. threatn. 威胁，凶兆vt. 威胁，恐吓

64、例句:Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。The threat of war has depressed business activity.战争的威胁使经济萧条。The situation poses a grave threat to world peace.这局势对世界和平构成了严重的威胁。7. establish 及物动词及物动词 vt. 1) 建立;设立;创办Our hospital was established in 1950. 我们的医院建于一

65、九五年。 2)确立;使得到承认;使立足于(+as/in)She established her fame as an actress. 她已成为大名鼎鼎的演员。 3)确定;证实;表明+that +wh-The new evidence establishes the suspects guilt. 新证据证实嫌疑犯有罪。 4)安置5)制定;规定6)定.为国教Detailed Study of the Text B1.The goals of public health are to prevent human disease, injury, anddisability; protect pe

66、ople from environmental health hazards; promotebehaviors that lead to good physical and mental health; educate the public about health；and assure availability of high quality health services. 公共卫生的目标是预防人类疾病，损伤和残疾;保护人类免受环境健康危害，促进导致良好的身体和精神健康的行为；对公众进行健康教育;并保证高质量的保健服务。prevent from 阻止以免遭受Who prevents th

67、eir plans from being carried out? 谁阻止他们的计划不让实施?lead to导致The Governments present course will only lead to disaster.政府的现行方针後患无穷。Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。Such an offence will lead to a summary fine.这类过错要当场予以罚款。2. Public health systems vary in different pa

68、rts of the world, depending upon the prevalent health problems. 3. Public health officials devote resources to establish sanitation systems and immunization programs to curb the spread of infectious diseases, and provide routine medical care to rural and isolated populations. 公共卫生官员投入资源创建卫生系统和免疫方案以遏

69、止传染病的蔓延，并提供日常医疗卫生给农村和边远地区居民。devote to把投入于Please devote more time to your work.请把更多的时间用于工作。He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。devote oneself to献身于The noblest ideal to which one can devote oneself is Communism.能为之献身的最崇高的理想是共产主义。curb

70、 遏制At times a climate may curb motives; at other times it may arouse them.有时环境可能压抑士气,有时却能激发士气。4. Instead, accidents and diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks, and strokes are among the leading causes of death. 相反，事故和疾病，例如，肺癌，心脏病发作，和中风，都在主要死亡原因之中。instead副词 ad. 1. 作为替代He is too busy, let me go i

71、nstead. 他太忙了,让我去吧。 2. 反而,却Instead of disturbing her, the news had a strangely calming effect. 这消息非但没有令她不安,反而产生了一种奇怪的镇定效果。 He didnt give John the money, but he gave it to me instead. 他没把钱给约翰,却给了我。 5. In these areas, public health goals include education programs to teach people how to prevent acciden

72、ts and lessen their risk for disease, and the maintenance of the excellent disease prevention systems already established.在这些区域，公共健康目标包括教导人们如何防止意外发生，减少他们对疾病的风险，同时优良的疾病预防系统的维护已经建立。include及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 包括,包含W +v-ingThe price includes both house and furniture. 价钱包括房子和家具。 2. 算入,包含于.里面I include him amo

73、ng my friends. 我把他当作朋友。 prevent及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 防止,预防Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds. 维生素C被认为能预防感冒。 2. 阻止;制止;妨碍(+from)Who prevents their plans from being carried out? 谁阻止他们的计划不让实施? Of course I cant prevent your going. 当然,我不能阻止你去。 3. 【古】先做;先去;先来不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 妨碍;阻止6. In assuring overall comm

74、unity health, public health officials also act as advocates for laws and regulationssuch as drug licensing or product labeling requirements. 为了保证整体社区健康，公共卫生官员也充当法律法规的倡导者的角色，如药品许可证或产品标签要求。such as 例如，比如Many letters in the alphabet such as b, c, d, etc are consonants.字母表中的许多字母像b，c，d，等等都是辅音字母。In this pa

75、ragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book.这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。Its more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German, than Latin.学习英语和德语等现代语言比学习拉丁语更为有用。7. Most people think of public health workers as physicians and nurses, but a wide variety of other professionals w

76、ork in public health, including sanitary engineers, microbiologists, laboratory technicians, statisticians, economists and administrators.大多数人把公共卫生工作者认为成是医生和护士，但是有一个很广泛的范围的工作是包含在内的，包括卫生工程师，微生物学家，实验室技术人员，统计学家，经济学家和管理人员。think ofvt. 想到(考虑，想象，设想，打算，出主意)例句:I couldnt think of the name of that man anyhow.我

77、怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。What do you think of my new car?你觉得我的新车怎么样？What do you think of his new job?你对他的新工作看法如何？Text CText C A Day Ill Never Forget It happened on St. Valentines Day, so its easy to remember. I went to the gym with my husband, Mark, first thing in the morning. We like going early, before it ge

78、ts too busy. After going through our routine we usually go for a swim. I met Mark at the showers, he was coming out as I was going in. When I came out to meet him he wasnt there. A few minutes later an ambulance pulled up. I was told that a man had collapsed in the changing-room. Could it be Mark, c

79、ould he have fainted? But when they carried him down on the stretcher I knew it was something much more serious. He was unconscious and blue. The doctor drove me to the hospital and said hed suffered a massive heart attack and his heart had stopped while he was alone in the changing-room. No one kne

80、w how long he had been lying there, I was told he had a 50-50 chance of surviving, and was advised to call our children. Those were the hardest phone calls I ever had to make. Our daughter, Georgia, was on her way over to us to introduce a new boyfriend. What a way to meet your girlfriends family fo

81、r the first time! Stuart, our son, was at university in Southampton. He caught the first train to London. Mark was taken to intensive care and put on a life support machine. He was given drugs, which would give his heart a complete rest. What a day! And so unexpected. Mark has never had any problems

82、 with his heart; no high blood pressure, no history of heart disease. He doesnt smoke or drink; he has never been over-weight and takes regular exercise. The following day Mark was still unconscious. We were told to talk to him. He had a nurse sitting by him monitoring him. It was so hard making con

83、versation with her there. My brain felt numb with fear and I was getting no response. On the surface I was calm, but inside I was screaming; this cant be happening! We spent another anxious night with little sleep. Fortunately Mark soon started to improve. It seemed like a miracle that Mark had surv

84、ived. After a few days in hospital he looked rested and well. In fact he looked better than me. But the nightmare wasnt over yet. Mark had X-rays, which showed up something quite unexpected. The doctors told us it was likely to be cancer on his lung. This was quite a shock. Mark and I are both self-

85、employed, so while all this was going on, a period of several months, neither of us was able to work and there was no money coming in. This was a constant worry in the back of our minds. But friends and family rallied round and people helped in whatever way they could. At last Mark was given a date

86、for his operation. We have put it all behind us now. Mark is able to work and live a completely normal life. We dont dwell on what might have happened or whats round the corner. We just get on with our lives. But one way it has changed us is that well never be able to forget how precious every momen

87、t is and to be grateful for it. And to appreciate the kindness and generosity of family and friends who cared about us and helped us through.New Words and ExpressionsNew Words and Expressionsroutin /ru:ti:n/ n.程序;日常工作adj. 日常的；例行的 ambulance /mbjulns/n. 救护车；战时流动医院Collaps /klps/ vi.暴跌;瓦解vt. 使倒塌，使崩溃;使萎陷

88、monitor /mnit/ n. 监视器，监听器，监控器，班长vt. 监视constant /knstnt/adj.经常的;恒定的n. 常数；恒量precious /pres/ adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的appreciate /pri:ieit/ vt.领会;感激；欣赏vi. 增值；涨价 intensive care重病特别护理pull up 拔起；停下来；阻止rally round 帮助某人；团结起来；聚集起来St. Valentines Day 情人节情人节heart attack 心脏病发作Words to know1.pull1)及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 拉,拖,牵,

89、拽;搬走She pulled his sleeve to get his attention. 她拉他的袖子以引起他的注意。 2. 拔;采,摘;揪下;拉开;扯破(+out/up)Why did you pull up these plants? 你为何把这些植物拔起来? 3. 拉伤,扭伤4. 吸引;招徕;获得The basketball game pulled a great crowd. 这场篮球赛吸引了一大群人。 5. 拔出(凶器)(+on)2)不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 拉,拖,牵;拔,摘2. (能)被拉(或拖、拔)动QThe door pulled open. 门拉开了。 3.

90、 (车)行驶;(船)划动QThe boat pulled toward the islet. 船向小岛划去。 4. 大口喝;深吸(+at)3)名词名词 n. 1. 拉,拖CHe gave a strong pull at the rope. 他用力拉了拉绳子。 2. 拉力;引力;魅力SThe moons pull affects the tides on earth. 月亮的引力影响地球上的潮汐。 2.Collapse1)不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 倒塌Having been neglected for years, the house collapsed. 这所房子因年久失修而倒塌了

91、。 2. 崩溃,瓦解;(价格)暴跌;(计划等)突然失败Their project collapsed for lack of money. 他们的计划因缺钱而告失败。 3. (健康等)垮掉;衰退;累倒His health collapsed because of overwork. 他的身体因工作过度而垮掉了。 2)及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 使倒塌;使崩溃The weight of snow collapsed the roof. 积雪的重压使屋顶倒塌了。 2. 使瘪掉;使萎陷3. 折叠He collapsed the wheelchair and put it on the boat.

92、 他将轮椅折叠起来放在船上。 3)名词名词 n. 1. 倒塌;崩溃UThe collapse of the building caused no casualties. 建筑倒塌没有造成伤亡。 2. 突然失败UC3. 暴跌U4. (健康等的)衰竭,垮掉UCThe collapse of his health was brought on by undernourishment. 他的健康恶化是由营养不足造成的。 3. Suffer1)及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 遭受;经历He suffered many humiliations before he became a football st

93、ar. 他在成为足球名将前受过许多屈辱。 2. (常用于否定句)忍受I cannot suffer such rudeness. 我不能容忍这种粗鲁的举止。 3. 容许;任凭2)不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 受苦;患病(+from)He suffered from poverty all his life. 他一生受贫穷之苦。 My father suffers from high blood pressure. 我父亲有高血压。 They suffered a great deal in those days. 那时他们吃了不少苦。 2. 受损害,受损失;变糟(+for/from)Th

94、is scientific instrument suffered severely. 这部科学仪器受到严重损坏。 3. 受惩罚;被处决(+for)He suffered for his offence. 他因自己的过错而受到惩罚。 4.appreciate1)及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 欣赏,赏识Her talent for music was not appreciated. 她的音乐才能无人赏识。 2. 感谢,感激They deeply appreciated his kindness. 他们对他的好意深表感谢。 3. 体会,领会,察知W+(that)I am afraid you

95、have not appreciated the urgency of the matter. 恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性。 4. 正确地评价,鉴别2)不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. (土地、货币等)增值(+in)Land will continue to appreciate. 土地将继续增值。Detailed Study of the Text C1.It happened on St. Valentines Day, so its easy to remember. 正是因为在情人节发生的，所以很容易记住。happen 发生What happened when you told

96、 him the news?你告诉他这消息时，他有何反应?happen to 碰巧I happened to sit by her in the cinema. 在电影院我碰巧坐在她旁边。 it is easy to do sth. 做某事很容易It is easy to complete the project.完成这个项目很简单。2. He was unconscious and blue.他是无意识的并且是沮丧的他是无意识的并且是沮丧的。除表示除表示“颜色颜色”外，这些单词的其他含义外，这些单词的其他含义1blue除表示除表示“蓝色蓝色”以外，还可以表示：以外，还可以表示： 1）（人的脸

97、色等）发灰的，紫的；（动物的毛皮）青灰色的。如：She turned blue with fear.（她吓得脸色发青。）2）沮丧的、忧郁的、使沮丧的。如：Xiao Wang looks blue.（小王看上去情绪低落。）2black除表示除表示“黑色黑色”意思外，还可以表示：意思外，还可以表示： 1）暗淡的、阴郁的、怒气冲冲的。如：He has a black future.（他前途黯淡。）因此，a blue mood不表示“黑色情绪”而表示情绪低落。2）邪恶的、不吉利的。如：the black art（妖术）。Things look black.（事情不妙）3）极度的。如：I dont kn

98、ow him. He is a black stranger.（我不认识他，他是一个完全陌生的人。）3green 除表示除表示“绿色绿色”外，还可以表示：外，还可以表示： 1）未熟的、生的。如：I have a stomach ache because I ate a green pear yesterday. （我肚子痛，因为我昨天吃了一个生桃子。）2）无经验的、没有受过训练的、幼稚的。如：She is still green at this job.（她对这件工作还是生疏的。）3）（脸色等）发青、苍白的。如：You look green, whats wrong with you? （你的

99、脸色这么苍白，怎么啦？）4red 除表示除表示“红色红色”外，还可以表示：外，还可以表示： 1）（指脸色因羞愧、愤怒等）涨红的。如：He was red with anger. （他因为发怒而涨红了脸。）2）流血的。如：a red battle （血战）.3）火烧的。如：red ruin（火灾）.5white 除表示除表示“白色白色”以外，还可以表示：以外，还可以表示： 1）空的，没有写过字的（或没有印刷过的）。如：clean white margins（干净的页边空白处）。2）清白的、纯洁的、善意的。如：a white lie 不是“白色的谎言”，而是“善意的谎言”。6yellow 除表示“

100、黄色”外，还可以表示：1）胆小的。如：I always suspected he was yellow. （我总是怀疑他胆小。）2）（报刊等）采用耸人听闻的手法做低级渲染的。如：yellow press（总称“黄色报刊”）。3. Mark was taken to intensive care and put on a life support machine. 马克被送到加护病房，并在用生命支持机器。intensive care重症监护Intensive care in hospitals is given to the seriously ill.在医院里病重的人得到悉心护理。He fee

101、ls completely restored to health after a period of intensive care.通过一段时间的精心照顾，他感到身体完全康复了。This patient requires intensive care.该病人需要加强护理。4. It was so hard making conversation with her there. My brain felt numb with fear and I was getting no response. 和她在那交谈时这么的困难。我感到麻木与恐惧。我没有得到任何回应。make conversation

102、(with) (与)交谈It can be very difficult, make conversation at a party.在聚会时有时很难找话题跟人应酬。Even if you read French easily, youll find its another cup of tea to make conversation in French.尽管你能轻松地看法语书，但要用法语对话时，你会感到那可就是另外一回事了。Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried t

103、o make conversation.她的眼睛直盯着盘子，不久，她就全神贯注地吃起来了。我试着和她攀谈。5. Mark had X-rays, which showed up something quite unexpected. 马克做了马克做了X光，结果发现了一些意外的东西光，结果发现了一些意外的东西show up揭露，露出，露面例句:The dust on the shelf show up in the sunlight.在阳光照射下能看见架子上有灰尘。Careful contrast of the two plan show up some key difference.把这两个计

104、划仔细地加以对比就可以看出一些关键性的差异His show-off only serves to show up his ignorance.他的卖弄只不过暴露了他自己的无知。6. Mark and I are both self-employed, so while all this was going on, a period of several months, neither of us was able to work and there was no money coming in. 马克和我都是自雇者，所以当这一切发生的时候，数个月内我们谁也不是能够工作，也就没有收入了。neit

105、her1）形容词形容词 a. 1. 两者都不Neither shoe fits comfortably. 两只鞋都不合脚。 2）代词代词 pron. 1. (两者之中)无一个Neither of my friends has come yet. 我的两个朋友都还没来。 3）连接词连接词 conj. 1. (与nor连用)既不.也不;也不We had neither money nor food. 我们既没有钱,也没有食物。 He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。 Neither the father nor the son is interested

106、in the film. 父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。 4）副词副词 ad. 1. (与no, not, never等连用)也不John cant swim. Neither can I. 约翰不会游泳。 我也不会。 7. We have put it all behind us now.现在现在我们已经把一切都抛在身后了。all在这里是起到了一个强调的作用，用来强调itYou all should obey the rules.你们所有的人都应该服从规定。 8. But one way it has changed us is that well never be able to forge

107、t how precious every moment is and to be grateful for it. 但是它改变了我们的是我们将永远无法忘记每一刻是多么珍贵的，并为此感激。change及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. (使)改变;更改;使变化(+from.to.)(+into)On second thoughts he changed his mind. 进一步考虑后,他改变了主意。 2. 换;交换,互换(+for)We changed seats in the interval. 中间休息时,我们交换了一下座位。 3. 换(衣服);替(婴孩)换尿布或衣服;给(床)换床单She c

108、hanged the baby often. 她不时地给婴孩换尿布。 4. 兑换(钱)(+for/into)Let me change the dollar bill for coins. 让我把这张美元的纸钞换成硬币。 5. 换乘(车等)Youll have to change planes at Seattle. 你得在西雅图换乘另一架飞机。 不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 改变;更改;变化(+from.to.)In fall the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天,树叶由绿变成褐色。 2. 更衣(+out of/into)He change

109、d into a new suit. 他换上一套新的西装。 3. 换车In New York, youll change for Boston. 你在纽约换车去波士顿。 4. 换档(+up/down/into/to)名词名词 n. 1. 变化;变更;变迁CU(+of/in)Many changes have taken place since then. 自那以来,发生了许多变化。 2. 改变一下S1I think a change might do you good. 我想换换环境也许对你有好处。 3. 更换;替换C(+in/of)4. 零钱;找零UHeres your change, sa

110、id the saleswoman. 这是你的找零,女店员说道。 5. 【口】绝经(期);更年期the Sforget及物动词及物动词 vt. 1. 忘记+to-v+v-ing+(that)+wh-I forgot posting the letter. 我忘了信已寄出。 Dont forget to post the letter. 别忘了去寄信。 Sorry, Ive forgotten your name. 对不起,我忘了你的名字。 2. 忘记带(或买等)I forgot my keys. 我忘了带钥匙了。 3. 不再把.放在心上Lets forget our disagreements

111、. 我们不要再提我们之间的争吵了。 4. 忽略;忽视;怠慢Dont forget the waiter. 不要忘了给侍者小费。 5. 不再考虑;放弃If we cant get any financial backing, we might as well forget the whole thing. 如果得不到经济上的支持,我们还是放弃整个计划好。 不及物动词不及物动词 vi. 1. 忘记(+about)I forgot about the food cooking on the stove. 我忘记炉子上做的饭了英文请柬的格式与范文 中文请柬和英文请柬有固定的格式和措辞，因此不能简单地以

112、单句为单位进行翻译，而应从整个篇章的角度去把握，使译文符合目的语的表达习惯。请看下面这则例子： Mr. and Mrs. John Smith request the honor of the presence of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Brown at the marriage of their daughter Elizabeth Smith to Mr. John Frederick Hamilton Saturday, the twenty-ninth of September at four oclock p.m. Church of Heavenly Rest N

113、ew York 译文如下：JA布朗先生及夫人：兹定于九月二十九日（星期六）下午四时在纽约天安教堂为小女伊丽莎白史密斯与约翰?弗雷德里克汉密尔顿先生举行婚礼，届时恭请 光临。约翰史密斯夫妇谨订。这是一张正式的英文结婚请柬，格式采用固定的分行式。在内容安排上按照“邀请者 被邀请者 邀请之意 活动内容 时间 地点”这样的先后顺序。汉语的顺序是“活动时间 活动地点 活动内容 邀请之意 邀请者的姓名”，邀请者的姓名应写在右下角，与正文分开。无论是英语请柬还是汉语请柬，在语言上的要求是一致的，都须简洁明了，措辞庄重、文雅，比如，原请柬中为表达邀请之意所用的是“request the honour of t

114、he presence of”，翻译时用“恭请光临”与之对应。此外，译文的开头用了“兹定于”，结尾处用“谨订”，这样的用词都体现了请柬正式的文体。但有两点不同：第一，英文请柬从头至尾都采用第三人称，译成中文时，一般应改用第一人称，如：“the marriage of their daughter”译成“为小女”；第二，英文请柬中星期应写在日期之前，译成汉语时，星期应写在日期后面的括号内。 这是一张正式的英文结婚请柬，格式采用固定的分行式。在内容安排上按照“邀请者 被邀请者 邀请之意 活动内容 时间 地点”这样的先后顺序。汉语的顺序是“活动时间 活动地点 活动内容 邀请之意 邀请者的姓名”，邀请

115、者的姓名应写在右下角，与正文分开。无论是英语请柬还是汉语请柬，在语言上的要求是一致的，都须简洁明了，措辞庄重、文雅，比如，原请柬中为表达邀请之意所用的是“request the honor of the presence of”，翻译时用“恭请光临”与之对应。此外，译文的开头用了“兹定于”，结尾处用“谨订”，这样的用词都体现了请柬正式的文体。但有两点不同：第一，英文请柬从头至尾都采用第三人称，译成中文时，一般应改用第一人称，如：“the marriage of their daughter”译成“为小女”；第二，英文请柬中星期应写在日期之前，译成汉语时，星期应写在日期后面的括号内。 下面是一封

116、英语邀请函、请柬的范文，供大家参考： July 29, 2005 July 29, 2005 XXX, CEO XXX, CEO XXX, VP Sales XXX, VP Sales XXXXXXXX Corporation XXXXXXXX Corporation (Address) (Address) Its our great honor to invite you to visit XXX Company located at Its our great honor to invite you to visit XXX Company located at (address) in

117、August, 2003. This visit will provide an opportunity (address) in August, 2003. This visit will provide an opportunity for you to make a better understanding of our marketing issues, and for you to make a better understanding of our marketing issues, and to communicate our future business cooperatio

118、n in detail. to communicate our future business cooperation in detail. XXX Company, as one of your distributors in China, has been great XXX Company, as one of your distributors in China, has been great progressing in promoting and selling your products. We believe this progressing in promoting and

119、selling your products. We believe this visit will be of great benefit to our future business cooperation. visit will be of great benefit to our future business cooperation. Please use this invitation letter to apply for your VISA to China. Please use this invitation letter to apply for your VISA to

120、China. We are all looking forward to seeing you soon, and should you have We are all looking forward to seeing you soon, and should you have any questions, please feel free to inform me. any questions, please feel free to inform me. Yours truly, Yours truly, XXX XXX Vice President Sales Vice Preside

121、nt Sales XXX CompanyXXX Company时态一般现在时一般现在时1 1、客观规律、客观事实、公式、名言、客观规律、客观事实、公式、名言The earth The earth moves moves around the sun.around the sun.I live in Wenzhou.I live in Wenzhou.One and two One and two is/areis/are three. three.He, who He, who doesdoes not reach the Great Wall not reach the Great Wall

122、 , , is is not a true man.not a true man.2 2、经常性或习惯性动作、经常性或习惯性动作We We oftenoften have have lunch at twelve lunch at twelve oclock.oclock.We We havehave sports sports every dayevery day. .一般现在时1) They go to work by bike every day. 1) They go to work by bike every day. 2) Does the moon move around the

123、 sun? Yes, it 2) Does the moon move around the sun? Yes, it does. does. 3) He doesnt love sports. 3) He doesnt love sports. 4) We are all teachers from the country. 4) We are all teachers from the country. 5) The children dont have enough food in Africa. 5) The children dont have enough food in Afri

124、ca. 6) Do you go to see your uncle every other day? 6) Do you go to see your uncle every other day? 一般过去时一般过去时1 1、过去某时发生了动作或存在的状态。、过去某时发生了动作或存在的状态。I I had had a maths lesson from Mr. Chen a maths lesson from Mr. Chen yesterday morningyesterday morning. .I I waswas ill ill yesterdayyesterday. .2 2、历史

125、的事实。、历史的事实。George Washington George Washington waswas the first president the first president of the United States.of the United States.3 3、过去错误的判断。、过去错误的判断。I I thought thought you you camecame from Shanghai. from Shanghai.I often _go_ to school early every I often _go_ to school early every morning

126、, but today I _went_ to school morning, but today I _went_ to school late this morning.(go)late this morning.(go)一般过去时一般过去时 1 1）My mother wasnt in last My mother wasnt in last night. night. 2 2）We didnt watch TV last night. We didnt watch TV last night. 3 3）The girl cried just now. The girl cried ju

127、st now. 4 4）We were middle school students We were middle school students last year. last year. 5 5）-Were you at home last night? -Were you at home last night? -Yes, I were. /No, I wasnt.-Yes, I were. /No, I wasnt.6 6）Did you wash clothes last Did you wash clothes last night? No, I didnt.night? No,

128、I didnt. 现在进行时现在进行时1 1、现在正在进行的动作，常与、现在正在进行的动作，常与nownow，todaytoday，looklook，listenlisten连用。连用。NowNow we are havingwe are having an English class. an English class.Look,Look, the girl the girl is playingis playing with the with the puter.Listen,Listen, the boys the boys are talkingare talking in Chine

129、se. in Chinese.2 2、现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的动作。、现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的动作。NowNow he he is writingis writing a book about China a book about China， but but Im not sure whether he has finished it Im not sure whether he has finished it yet.yet.I often_go_ (go) to school in the I often_go_ (go) to school in the morni

130、ng , but now I _am morning , but now I _am learning_(learn) English at home now.learning_(learn) English at home now.现在进行时现在进行时2 2、现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的、现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的动作。动作。NowNow he he is writingis writing a book about China a book about China， but Im not sure whether he has but Im not sure whether

131、he has finished it yet.finished it yet.I often_go_ (go) to school in I often_go_ (go) to school in the morning , but now I _am the morning , but now I _am learning_(learn) English at home now.learning_(learn) English at home now.现在进行时1 1）They are showing us They are showing us around the farm. aroun

132、d the farm. 2 2）Are the students reading Are the students reading nownow？ 3 3）It isnt raining hard. It isnt raining hard. 4 4）We are leaving on We are leaving on Friday.Friday. 过去进行时过去进行时过去某时正在进行的动作叫过过去某时正在进行的动作叫过去进行时去进行时. .结构结构: :主语主语+was/were+was/were+现在分词现在分词, ,常与常与this this time yesterday;last t

133、ime yesterday;last night,last weeknight,last week等时间状语连等时间状语连用用. .I I was doingwas doing my homework my homework this time yesterday.this time yesterday.What What werewere you you doingdoing last last night?night?过去进行时过去进行时He He was doingwas doing his homework last his homework last night, but Im no

134、t sure night, but Im not sure whether he has finished it.whether he has finished it.I_am having_an English I_am having_an English class now, but I_had_a class now, but I_had_a physics lesson this time physics lesson this time yesterday.(have)yesterday.(have)过去进行时过去进行时用过去进行时：在过去的某一点时间，或用过去进行时：在过去的某一点

135、时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作。瞬间动词（如作。瞬间动词（如arrivearrive）无进行时态。）无进行时态。同时发生的两个动作同时发生的两个动作1.1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时。时。2.2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时分工的情况，均用过去进行时When I was doing my homework,my When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking.mother was cooking.表面上是分工：两个动作同时开始，表示表面上是分工：两

136、个动作同时开始，表示同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，长同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时。作用过去时。When someone knocked at the door,I When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.was having dinner.过去进行时过去进行时1 1）I was reading at night I was reading at night yesterday morning. yesterday morning. 2

137、2）We werent planting We werent planting trees this time yesterday. trees this time yesterday. 3 3）Were they singing when Were they singing when the teacher came? Yes, they the teacher came? Yes, they were. were. 一般将来时一般将来时对于现在而言将要发生的动作或存在对于现在而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用一般将来时：主语的状态，常用一般将来时：主语+will/be going to+

138、will/be going to+动词原形。常与动词原形。常与表示将来的时间状语用表示将来的时间状语用:tomorrow,next week,this :tomorrow,next week,this afternoon, this evening, in 2008.afternoon, this evening, in 2008.I am going to learn writing this I am going to learn writing this afternoon.afternoon.I will be in Grade Eight next I will be in Grad

139、e Eight next term.term.I_am_ 14 years old and next I_am_ 14 years old and next year I _will be_15, but last year I _will be_15, but last year I _was_ only 13 years year I _was_ only 13 years old.(be)old.(be)一般将来时一般将来时1）When will you be able to visit us again? 2）I wont be free tonight. 3）My sister wi

140、ll finish her middle school this year. 过去将来时过去将来时对于过去某时而言将要发生的动作或存在对于过去某时而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，的状态， 我们常用过去将来时，常与表示我们常用过去将来时，常与表示过去为基点的将来的时间状语连用：过去为基点的将来的时间状语连用：the the next week/month/termnext week/month/term。would+do:would+do:过去将来式，间接方式，转述，过去将来式，间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来站在过去看未来He says that he He says that he willw

141、ill visit China next visit China next year.year.He said that he He said that he would would visit China the visit China the next year.next year.过去将来时过去将来时1 1）He said his mother would He said his mother would buy a bike for him buy a bike for him 2 2）My brother told me he My brother told me he wouldn

142、t believe Jack any wouldnt believe Jack any more. more. 3 3）Would it be all right if Would it be all right if he knew his illness? he knew his illness? 现在完成时现在完成时两种基本用法：两种基本用法：、过去动作对现在的影响，与、过去动作对现在的影响，与everever，nevernever，justjust，so farso far，in these daysin these days，alreadyalready， yetyet连用；连用；2

143、 2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作注意：注意：have been tohave been to：去过某地，当事人在场：去过某地，当事人在场have gone tohave gone to：去了某地，当事人不在场：去了某地，当事人不在场现在完成时现在完成时1）How many words have you learnt today? 2）He hasnt got up yet. 3）I have been to England. 4)Tom isnt here. He has gone to Hangzhou. 现在完成时现在完成时1）How many words ha

144、ve you learnt today? 2）He hasnt got up yet. 3）I have ever been to England. 过去完成时过去完成时过去的过去：过去的过去：1、在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作：过去完成式，过去以前、在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作：过去完成式，过去以前发生的事情发生的事情 。 someone had told. The train had left before he got to the railway station.2、过去时间的过去：、过去时间的过去：by+过去时间过去时间We had finished Grade 7 by

145、the end of this June.How many English words had you learnt by the end of last term? someone had told.过去完成时过去完成时1 1）He said he hadnt He said he hadnt collected 300 stamps. collected 300 stamps. 2 2）Had you learnt 280 new Had you learnt 280 new words by the end of last words by the end of last month ?

146、 month ? 3 3）When I rushed to the When I rushed to the cinema, the film had begun. cinema, the film had begun. Special difficultiesSpecial difficultiesvt+adv+vt+adv+宾语宾语(n)(n)vt+vt+宾语宾语(n/pron)+adv(n/pron)+advvi+prep+vi+prep+宾语宾语(n)(n)宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以v

147、+prep+v+prep+宾宾语语(n)(n)副词可以省略，副词可以省略，v+v+宾语宾语(n/pron)+adv(n/pron)+adv或或v+adv+v+adv+宾语宾语(n)(n)是副词还是介词要看动词是及物动词还是是副词还是介词要看动词是及物动词还是不及物动词不及物动词vt-adv vi-prep-objectvt-adv vi-prep-object而判断是不是及物动词就要看平时的积累而判断是不是及物动词就要看平时的积累了了 。 动词时态练习动词时态练习1. Who cleaned the blackboard 1. Who cleaned the blackboard yester

148、day, Dick?yesterday, Dick?-John _.-John _.A. cleaned B. does A. cleaned B. does C.C. did D. did D. hashas2.Look at those big black clouds. It 2.Look at those big black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry._ rain. Lets hurry.A. must B. will A. must B. will C. would C. would D.D. is going to is going to动词时态练

149、习动词时态练习3.-Can I speak to Mr. Smith , 3.-Can I speak to Mr. Smith , please?please?-Im afraid not. He _ a meeting -Im afraid not. He _ a meeting at the moment.at the moment.A. having A. having B.B. is having C. has D. is having C. has D. hadhad4.Look! Some blue birds _ in the 4.Look! Some blue birds _

150、 in the sky.sky.A. fly B. flying A. fly B. flying C.C. are flying D. is flying are flying D. is flying动词时态练习动词时态练习5.What did your son say in the 5.What did your son say in the letter?letter? -He told me that he _ the -He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.Disney World the next day.A. wi

151、ll visit B. has A. will visit B. has visited visited C. is going to visit C. is going to visit D.D. would visit would visit6.Mrs. Shao _our science teacher.6.Mrs. Shao _our science teacher.A.am A.am B. isB. is C. are D. were C. are D. were动词时态练习动词时态练习7.He _ a letter to his family last 7.He _ a lette

152、r to his family last Sunday.Sunday.A. writed A. writed B.B. wrote C. writes D. wrote C. writes D. has writtenhas written8.How long have you _ the book?8.How long have you _ the book? -For a week. -For a week.A. borrowed B. lent A. borrowed B. lent C.C. kept D. bought kept D. bought9.Have you ever be

153、en to Hangzhou?9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou?-Yes. I _there two years ago.-Yes. I _there two years ago.A. have been A. have been B.B. went wentC. have gone D. went toC. have gone D. went to 动词时态练习动词时态练习10.Keep quiet, please.They _a 10.Keep quiet, please.They _a meeting now.meeting now.A. have B.

154、had A. have B. had C.C. are having D. have had are having D. have had11.Please _me something about the 11.Please _me something about the picture.picture.A A.tell B. say C. speak D. talk.tell B. say C. speak D. talk动词时态练习动词时态练习12. What are they doing over there?12. What are they doing over there? -Th

155、ey _trees on the hill. -They _trees on the hill.A. plants B. plant A. plants B. plant C. will plant C. will plant D.D. are planting are planting 13.We _ happily when they came in.13.We _ happily when they came in.A. are talking B. talkedA. are talking B. talkedC. talk C. talk D.D. were were talkingt

156、alking动词时态练习动词时态练习14.Jenny and her parents _ going 14.Jenny and her parents _ going to visit the Yandang Mountains to visit the Yandang Mountains tomorrow.tomorrow.A. will B. is C. are D. beA. will B. is C. are D. be15.China _the WTO and became a new 15.China _the WTO and became a new member of it l

157、ast year.member of it last year.A. joined B. join A. joined B. join C. will join D. has joinedC. will join D. has joined动词时态练习动词时态练习16.Look! The boys _ in the 16.Look! The boys _ in the swimming pool.swimming pool.A. swim B. swamA. swim B. swamC. were swimming C. were swimming D.D. are swimming are

158、swimming17.They _about eight hundred 17.They _about eight hundred English words by the end of last term.English words by the end of last term.A. will learn B. have A. will learn B. have learnedlearnedC. learnt C. learnt D.D. had had learnedlearned动词时态练习动词时态练习18.My grandpa often _ us funny stories.18

159、.My grandpa often _ us funny stories.A. speaks A. speaks B.B. tells C. says D. talks tells C. says D. talks19.Miss Lin is our English teacher. She _ 19.Miss Lin is our English teacher. She _ us English at school.us English at school.A. teach A. teach B.B. teaches teaches C. are teaching D. would teachC. are teaching D. would teach20. Mike _ his homework and now he is 20. Mike _ his homework and now he is watching TV.watching TV.A.A. has finished B. finished has finished B. finished C. will finish D. finishesC. will finish D. finishes