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1、第二部分第二部分 重要语法重要语法介介词又又叫叫前前置置词，因因为它它只只能能用用在在名名词、代代词、动名名词或或what从从句句之之前前，并并与与后后面面的的词一一起起构构成成介介词短短语。介介词短短语可可以以在在句句中中作作定定语、状状语、补语或或表表语，但但介介词不不能能单独独作作句句子子成成分分。介介词是是高高考考的的必考点，每年必考必考点，每年必考12小小题。介介 词词u请做下列广做下列广东高考真高考真题： 1. (2013)The only reason a man would sell salt _a lower price would be because he was des
2、perate for money.思思路路点点拨： at 因因空空格格后后的的名名词a low price在在句句中中不不作作主主语、表表语，也也不不作作动词的的宾语，应为介介词的的宾语，即即空空格格处应填填介介词；又又因因空空格格后后面面的的名名词是是price，而而习惯上上表表示示“以以”某某种种价价格格，要要用用介介词at，故故填填at。顺便便说说，“以以”某某种种速速度度行行驶，也也用用at，如如at (a) very slow/high speed以以很慢很慢/快的速度。快的速度。真真题再再练2. (2013) And anyone who took advantage of tha
3、t situation would be showing a lack of respect _the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.思思路路点点拨： for 因因空空格格后后的的名名词the sweat and struggle在在句句中中不不作作主主语、表表语、动词的的宾语，应是是作作介介词的的宾语，即即空空格格处应填填介介词；又又根根据据与与前前面面动词及及名名词的的搭搭配配，应填填for，即即show respect for (尊重尊重)。3. (2012) The new boy lo
4、oked at the teacher_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.思思路路点点拨： for 名名词短短语a few seconds在在句句中中不不作作主主语、表表语或或动词的的宾语，应是是作作介介词的的宾语，空空格格应填填介介词；因因表表示示某某个个动作作或或状状态持持续了多久，用了多久，用“for+时间段段”，故填，故填for。4. (2011) I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt lik
5、e leaving him_ his own either.思思路路点点拨：on 因因on ones own (=alone)是是固固定定搭搭配配, 所以填所以填on。 5. (2010) His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _a happy heart.思思路路点点拨： with 名名词a happy heart 在在句句中中不不作作主主语,也也不不作作动词的的宾语, 就就应是是作作介介词的的宾语, 空空格格处应
6、填填介介词; 由由句句意意可可知知, 是是指指这个个年年轻人人“带着着”愉快的心情回家愉快的心情回家, 表示表示“带着着”用用with。6. (2009) Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _sale.思路点思路点拨：on 固定搭配固定搭配on sale, 表示表示“出售出售”。7. (2009) When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her pare
7、nts were already _ table having supper.思思路路点点拨： at 名名词(table)在在句句中中不不作作主主语, 也也不不作作动词的的宾语, 就就应该是是作作介介词的的宾语; 由由having supper可可知知, 填填at; 因因为at table表表示示“在在餐餐桌桌边, 在在进餐餐”, 也是也是习惯搭配。搭配。8. (2008) Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there a
8、re often interesting stories.思思路路点点拨：Behind 因因空空格格后后的的名名词these proverbs在在句句中中不不作作主主语、表表语、动词的的宾语，应是是作作介介词的的宾语，即即空空格格处应填填介介词；根根据据there be句句型型的的特特点点，常常表表示示“在在某某个个地地方方存存在在”，可可见“these proverbs”是是表表示示地地点点的的，再再结合合句句意意，可可知知填填表表示示“在在背背后后”的的介介词behind。注意，在句首，首字母要大写。注意，在句首，首字母要大写。9. (2008) He was very tired _ d
9、oing this for a whole day.思思路路点点拨：from /after 因因空空格格后后doing this for a whole day这个个动名名词短短语在在句句中中不不作作主主语、表表语，也也不不作作动词的的宾语，应是是作作介介词的的宾语，即即空空格格处应填填介介词；又又根根据据该介介词短短语与与谓语(was very tired)的的逻辑关关系系，“累累了了”必必定定是是“在在干干了了一一整整天天活活之之后后”，故故填填after。另另外外，表表示示“因因而而累累”，be tired from也也是是固固定定短短语，故故也可填也可填from。10. (2007)
10、I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _a guest in their house.思思路路点点拨：as 意意思思是是“把把我我当当作作客客人人”来来接接待待, 表示表示“当作当作, 作作为”, 用介用介词as。11. (2007) When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to
11、reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused her.思思路路点点拨：for 表表示示“因因而而酬酬谢 /报答答某某人人”是是reward sb. for sth.。年份年份答案答案出出现语境境2013at at a lower pricefor show respect for2012for for a few seconds2011on on his own2010with with a happy heart2009on on saleat at table2008Behind Behind these proverbsfrom/after
12、 was tired from /after2007as as a guestfor reward the old woman for the trouble考情分析考情分析表表示示时间的的介介词：for+时间段段；after在在之后之后表示地点的介表示地点的介词：behind在在之后之后表示表示“作作为，当作，当作”：as表示表示“带着，具有着，具有”：with固固定定搭搭配配中中的的介介词：at table, on sale, on ones own, at a price, show respect for, reward sb. for sth.1. 什什么么情情况况下下可可能能填填介
13、介词？我我们首首先先必必须知道两点：知道两点：解法点解法点拨 (1) 介词后必须要接名词、代词、动名词，介词后必须要接名词、代词、动名词，或者或者what从句作其宾语。从句作其宾语。 (2) 名词、代词或动名词在句中主要作主名词、代词或动名词在句中主要作主语、表语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。语、表语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。 因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，这个空格就很可能是填介词。这个空格就很可能是填介词。2
14、. 应该填哪个介填哪个介词？在在判判断断可可能能填填介介词之之后后，要要根根据据具具体体的的语境境来来确确定定填填哪哪个个介介词，特特别是是根根据据空空格格所所在在句句子子的的意意思思，以以及及与与空空格格前前或或后后的的词语的的搭搭配配习惯来来选择一一个个恰恰当当的的介介词。具体思路有：具体思路有：(1)与空格后名与空格后名词的的习惯搭配。如：搭配。如：2012年年的的a few seconds是是时间段段，“一一段段时间”前前习惯上上用用for，表表示示某某个个动作作或或状状态延延续了了多多久久；2007年年的的a guest，表表示示身身份份或或职业的的名名词前前常常用用as表表示示“当
15、当作作，作作为”；2010年年的的a happy heart表表示示心心情情或或笑笑容容等等，常常用用with表表示示“带着着”；2013年年的的a lower price，表表示示“以以”某某种价格，种价格，price前常用前常用at。(2) 与与空空格格前前的的名名词、动词、形形容容词的的习惯搭配。如：搭配。如：2013年年的的名名词respect习惯上上要要接接for sb.表表示示“尊尊敬敬”某某人人；2007年年的的动词reward在在表表示示“因因酬酬谢/奖励某人励某人”时，习惯上用上用for表示原因。表示原因。(3)固固定定短短语。如如：2011年年的的on ones own(单
16、独独地地)，2009年年的的on sale(出出售售), at table (在在吃吃饭)，2008年的年的be tired from(因因而疲而疲劳)。介介词按其按其结构，可分构，可分为:1.简单介介词。如如in, on, with, by, for, at, about等。等。2.合合成成介介词。如如into, within, throughout, inside, outside等。等。3.重重叠叠介介词。如如from among从从当当中中，from behind从从后后面面，until after直直至至之之后，后，at about在大在大约等。等。考点考点归纳4.分分词介介词。co
17、ncerning(关关于于), including(包包括括 ), considering(考考 虑 到到 ), regarding(关关 于于 ), respecting(关于；关于；鉴于于)。5.短短语介介词。如如according to, because of, by means of, in addition to in spite of, in front of等。等。(1)at, in, on：at表表示示时刻刻或或时间点点, in表表示示在在某某年年/月月/星星期期或或泛泛指指的的一一天天中中的的上上午午/下下午午/晚晚上上, on表表示示具具体体的的某某天天/星星期期几几或或具
18、具体体某某天天的的上午上午/下午下午/晚上。晚上。(2)表表示示“直直到到”：by不不迟于于，到到时为止；止；until/till直到。直到。(3)表表 示示 “前前 后后 ”： after在在 之之 后后 ；before在在之前。之前。若按其用途可分为：若按其用途可分为：一、一、 表示时间时期的介词表示时间时期的介词(4)表表示示“时间起起点点”：since自自从从，on一一就。就。(5)表示表示“时间段段”：for表示一段表示一段时间。(6)表表 示示 “期期 间 ”： during在在 期期 间 ；within在在期期间，不不超超过；throughout贯穿穿期期间；over在在期期间，
19、过完完一一段段时间；fromto从从到；到；between在在之之间。(1)表表示示“上上下下”：on在在某某物物的的表表面面上上；above在在的的上上头或或高高出出；below在在下下面面或或低低于于；over在在的的上上方方或或上上面面；under在在的下面或下方。的下面或下方。(2)表表示示“里里外外”：in在在某某一一范范围内内；inside在在的的里里面面；outside在在的的外外面面；among在在(多者多者)之中；之中；between在在(两者两者)之之间。(3)表表 示示 “前前 后后 ”： before在在 之之 前前 ；behind在在的后面；的后面；二、二、 表示地点
20、方位的介词表示地点方位的介词(4)表表示示“周周围”“附附近近”等等：around/round/about在在周周围； near在在的的附附近近；beside/by在在的的旁旁边；at在在某某一一点点或或在在(某某物物)旁旁；beyond在在的的那那一一边，远于于，超超过(某事物的范某事物的范围)；across在在的的对面或那一面或那一边。(5)其他：其他：against靠着；靠着；towards向或朝着。向或朝着。into进入入；out of从从出出来来；along沿沿着着；(a)round围饶着着或或在在的的各各处；down沿沿而而下下；up沿沿而而上上；from从从；off从从离离开开或
21、或下下来来；at朝朝着着或或向向着着；for到到去去；to到到或或向向；across从从一一边到到另另一一边；by/past从从某某人人或或某某物物的的旁旁边经过；over从从某某人人或或某某物物的的上上空空经过；through从某事物的里面从某事物的里面经过。三、三、 表示动向的介词表示动向的介词thanks to, because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at (常常放放在在表表示示情情感感变化化后后的的动词、形形容容词或名或名词后表示原因，相当于后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到听到或看到”)等。等。五、五、 表示方式、方法或手段的介表示方式、方法或
22、手段的介词by乘乘、坐坐、骑(接接交交通通工工具具), 靠靠、通通过；in用用(某某种种语言言或或材材料料，如如墨墨水水等等)；with用用(具具体体的的工工具具)，和和一一起起；through通通过(实践践或或书本本)等。等。四、四、 表示原因的介词表示原因的介词六、六、 表示表示“数量数量”“增减增减”的介的介词about(大大约), around(大大约), over(超超过)；by(增增加加/减减少少的的程程度度)；to(表表示示增增/减减到到多多少少)；fromto(从多少到多少从多少到多少)。七、七、 其他用法的介其他用法的介词(1)表表示示“排排除除”的的介介词：有有except
23、, besides, but, except for等。等。(2)表表示示“包包括括”的的介介词：有有including, apart from等。等。(3)表表 示示 “关关 于于 ”的的 介介 词 ： 有有 on, about, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to等。等。(4)表表示示“所所属属”“部部分分与与整整体体关关系系”的的介介词：of(的的)。(5)表表赞成成或或反反对的的介介词：有有for(赞成成)，against(反反对), with 等等(6)表表条条件件的的介介词：有有on, without(如如果果没
24、没有有), considering, given(考考虑到到)等。等。(7)表表让步步的的介介词：有有despite, in spite of(不不管管)等。等。(8)表表对于于的的介介词：有有to, for , over , at , with 等。等。(9)表根据的介表根据的介词：有：有on, according to 等。等。(10)能接复合能接复合宾语的介的介词：with和和without。(11)表示表示“作作为”“以以地位或身份地位或身份”的的as。(12)表示表示“像像一一样”的的like。八、八、 短短语中的介中的介词(1)动 词 +介介 词 ： look after, car
25、e for，congratulations on等。等。(2)动词+副副词+介介词：catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等。等。(3)动词+名名词+介介词：take are of, take notice of等。等。(4)名名词+介介词：effect on等。等。(5)介介词+名名词：见下表。下表。atdaybreak /dawn /sunrise /noon /dark /night /work /table /most / least /present /a great speed /a distance /the co
26、st of /a price of /the mercy of /a lossagainst the law, the current, disease, the wall, the windowbyair / bike / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / land / sea / nature / accident / chance / mistake/ comparison / control / descriptionforexample / good / nothing / convenien
27、ce / short / fear / saleinsurprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight / fact / reality / nature / return / tears / rags / ruins / practice / short / brief / sum / general / public / particular / case / advance / detail / pain / despair / person / a hurry / a flash / the past / modern times
28、 / ancient times / all aspects / charge of / memory of / search of / need of / case of / honor ofofvalue / importance / use / no use / significance / help / benefitonduty / holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sales / show / fire / request / record / strike / schedule / a visit to / the boa
29、rd / the decline / a large scale / one own / second thoughtout of breath / control / question / sight / pity / season / fashion / date / friendship / love / mercy order / work / curiositytoones joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / delight / regret / disappointment / puzzle / creditund
30、er construction / control / repair / discussionwiththe purpose of / the view of / ones own eyes / reliefu一、一、单句填空句填空 1.(2014茂茂名名二二模模)My lovely trip down memory lane was interrupted when I heard the car_ me sound its horn(喇叭喇叭). behind 表示表示“在在后面后面”。实战演演练2.(2014茂茂名名一一模模)After graduation, I became a ci
31、tizen working in a city. _ the first college graduate out of a remote village, my success set an example to my folks. As 空空格格后后面面是是名名词在在句句中中不不作作任任何何句句子子成成分分，可可知知它它必必定定是是作作介介词的的宾语，即即空空格格应填填介介词，由由语境境可可知知，应是是“作作为”偏偏远山山村村的的第第一一个个大大学学毕业生，故填生，故填As。3.(2014佛佛 山山 一一 模模 )The brothers successfully received a p
32、atent(专利利) in 1906_their Flying Machine.for 表原因。表原因。4.(2014佛佛山山一一模模)Modern airplanes today are very different _the first Flying Machine. from 固定搭配，固定搭配，be different from与与不同。不同。5.(2014广广 州州 一一 模模 )It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest
33、 impression _the students.on/upon 由由impression的用法可知填的用法可知填on /upon。6.(2014广广 州州 调 研研 )In 1783 he started composing poetry _ a traditional style using the Ayrshire dialect of Scots. in 这里的里的in是是“以以的方式的方式”的意思。的意思。7.(2014深深圳圳一一模模)Boss, only one person is selling watermelon. 1.2 per kg, and 10_10 kg. fo
34、r 表示表示买卖交交换，用介，用介词for。8.(2014梅州一模梅州一模)As for attitudes_ Chinglish, some foreigners do not think that Chinglish makes serious mistakes. towards/to 根根据据搭搭配配attitude towards/to “对的的态度度”可知。可知。 9.(2014惠惠州州三三模模)When they climbed up the table, there were a large piece of bread, fruit and cheese _ it.on 指在桌
35、子上。指在桌子上。10.(2014江江门一模一模)Now, ninety years later, there are a score of Berry schools in the area, _ a total of over one thousand students and a waiting list of about five thousand.with 表示表示“只有，只有，拥有有”，with短短语在此起在此起补充充说明的作用。明的作用。11.(2014揭揭 阳阳 一一 模模 )After considering this phenomenon, I decided I was
36、going to change the way I got on _others. with 根据搭配根据搭配get on with(与与相相处)可知。可知。12.(2014韶韶关关一一模模)and one doesnt need to have an ear _music to notice their lack of talent.for 根据搭配根据搭配have an ear for(有有鉴赏力力) 。 13.(2014肇肇庆期期末末)In my view, I am greatly in favor _ this activity. of 根据搭配根据搭配in favor of(赞同同
37、)可知。可知。14. (2008广广州州一一模模)the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance(毅毅力力)were a sure path _ success.to 15. (2008广广州州一一模模)She said her name was Miss Bai she and kindly offered to show me_ the city.16. (2009广广州州一一模模)One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country. He wanted to
38、 show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful _ his wealth. aroundfor17. (2009广广州州一一模模)The boy finished by saying, “_the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truly rich.” 18. (2009广广州州二二模模)It was light. I jumped up to look outside and sighed _disappointment.Before in/ wit
39、h19. (2010广广 州州 一一 模模 )Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar _ growth rings on trees. 20. (2010广广州州二二模模)Businessmen had a mixed reaction _ the statements from Brussels. to to 21. (2011广广州州一一模模)has a history dating back over 1,000 years, and its famous castle has been there _ about the 8th centu
40、ry.22. (2011广广州州二二模模)it pushes up in an irregular way, making your breath come out differently _how it normally does.since from/ to23. (2012广广州州一一模模)The rabbit dug_ hours, and with every new hole the dog complained even more about how difficult this was, even for the rabbit. 24. (2012广广州州二二模模)This r
41、eport points to a lack of opportunities for girls and women in education and work, which contributes_ their poverty and lack of power. forto 25. (2013广广 州州 一一 模模 )They recently bought audiphones for four orphans _hearing problems and small tape recorders for three blind children.26. (2013广广州州二二模模)I
42、bought it, thinking that when I returned home it would remind me_ my wonderful Indian adventure.withof27. (2008深深圳圳一一模模)Police officials have said that at least fifteen people have died after the sightseeing boat Ilinden, _50 Bulgarian tourists on board, sank in a lake in western Macedonia.with28. (
43、2008深深圳圳二二模模)If we are wise, we accept these failures as a necessary part of the learning process. But all too often _parents and teachers we do not allow our children to have the same right.as29. (2009深深圳圳二二模模) to read from the paper was not allowed, I had to give the speech_ my memory and in front
44、 of such a big audience!30. (2010深深圳圳二二模模)Once again my husband had a way to get to and _his job.31. (2011深深圳圳一一模模)During one visit _the Pacific Islands of Tonga, a specially-prepared dinner was arranged in her honor.fromfrom to32. (2012深深圳圳一一模模)I wondered who he wanted to give the doll_. So I walke
45、d towards him and asked him all about it.33. (2012深深圳圳二二模模)Besides, you will experience some stress and anxiety when you are living in a different culture with different values_ your own. tofrom34. (2013深深圳圳一一模模)“Oh,” he thought for a while and then took out a ten yuan note_ his wallet. 35. (2013广州二
46、模广州二模)I couldnt do anything_ stand and stare.frombut36. This shop will be closed for repairs_ further notice.until 句句意意为：这家家商商店店将将停停业装装修修，营业时间另行通知；另行通知；until表示表示 “直到直到为止止”。37. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _the tough years.through 句句意意为：毕业时刻刻是是感感谢曾曾经帮帮助助你你度度过艰难时期期的的好好时
47、间。help sb. through sth. 表示表示“帮助某人度帮助某人度过某段某段时期期”。38. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.against 句意句意为：这个合同看起来不可能被通个合同看起来不可能被通过，因，因为委委员会上大多数人反会上大多数人反对它。它。against表表示示“反反对”。39. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant t
48、o be _life. for 句句意意为：你你可可以以换工工作作，搬搬家家，但但是是友友谊应该是是终生的。生的。for life表示表示“一一辈子，子，终生生”。40. I have an appointment _ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.with 句句意意为：我我跟跟史史密密斯斯博博士士有有个个约会会，但但是是现在在我我得得更更改改一一下下。have an appointment with sb. 表示表示“跟某人有跟某人有预约”。41. A serious study of physics is impossible _some knowl
49、edge of mathematics.without 句句意意为：如如果果没没有有一一些些数数学学知知识,对物物理理进行行严谨地地研研究究是是不不可可能能的的。without表表示示“没没有有”。42. The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children.for 由由praise sb. for sth.(因因某某事事表表扬某某人人)可知，填可知，填for。43. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage_ the other car. to 表表
50、示示“对造造成成的的损害害”，名名词damage后后习惯上要接介上要接介词to。44. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.at 表表示示“在在”某某一一温温度度，习惯上上说at the temperature。45. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.with 能能接接复复合合宾语，又又没没有有否否定定意意义，应当当是是with，即，即“with+宾语+分分词”。46. I began to feel _ home i
51、n the new school when I saw some familiar faces.at 表表示示“感感到到像像在在家家里里一一样”，是是feel at home。u二、二、语篇填空篇填空 Mr Brown was going away 1. _ a week. Before he left, he said to his son, “If anyone asks 2. _me, you can tell him that your father has been out 3. _ doing something, and will be back 4. _a week, then
52、 be sure to ask him to sit down 5. _ a cup of tea.” forforfor in for “OK, Dad,” said his son. But he was afraid his son couldnt remember this, he wrote these words down 6. _a piece of paper and gave it 7. _him. His son put it 8. _ his small pocket, took it out and looked 9. _ it every now and then.F
53、our days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was 10. _no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening. onto into atofThe next afternoon, someone knocked 11. _the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing 12. _the doo
54、r and said, “Where is your father?” The boy put his hand into his pocket 13. _ once and looked 14. _the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, “No more.”The man asked 15. _surprise, “No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?”atat
55、atfor in 本文是个笑话，笑料在于本文是个笑话，笑料在于no more有有“没有了没有了”“死了死了”等不同含意。等不同含意。1. for 表示持续多久，用表示持续多久，用“for+时间段时间段”。2. for 词组词组ask for sb.意为意为“找某人找某人”。3. for 表示目的，此处表示目的，此处for doing相当于相当于to do。4. in 表示过多久后将会做某事，用表示过多久后将会做某事，用“in+时间段时间段”。5. for 表示目的用表示目的用for，此处相当于，此处相当于to have。6. on 表示表示“在纸上在纸上”写下来。写下来。7. to 因因“把某物给某人把某物给某人”是是give sth. to sb.。8. into 将纸条将纸条“放入放入”口袋里。口袋里。9. at 因因look at表示表示“看看”。10. of 因因of use =useful。11. at 因因knock at the door表示表示“敲门敲门”。12. at 因因at the door表示表示“在门口在门口”。13. at 因因at once表示表示“立即，马上立即，马上”。14. for 因因look for表示表示“寻找寻找”。15. in 因表示因表示“惊奇地惊奇地”用用in surprise。
