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1、Unit 4EarthquakesWarming up, Prereading, Reading & Comprehending1 1自自主主预预习习2 2合合作作探探究究3 3巩巩固固提提升升4 4课课 时时 作作 业业自自 主主 预预 习习单词速记1_ (vi.)爆裂；爆发(n.)突然破裂；爆发2_ (n.)事件；大事3_ (n.)废墟；毁灭(vt.)毁灭；使破产4_ (vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭5_ (vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动(n.)休克；打击；震惊6_ (n& vt.)援救；营救bursteventruindestroyshockrescue7_ (vt.)使陷入困境；(n.)
2、陷阱；困境8_ (vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏9_ (n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处10_ (n.)污垢；泥土 _ (adj.)脏的；弄脏的；卑鄙的11_ (n.)苦难；痛苦 _ (v.)经历；遭受；患病12_ (adj.)极度的 _ (adv.)极其；非常trapburyshelterdirtdirtysufferingsufferextremeextremely13_ (vt.)损害；伤害 _ (n.)伤害；损害 _ (adj.)受伤的14_ (n.)幸存者；生还者；残存物 _ (v.)幸存；生还 _ (n.)幸存；继续生存15_ (n.)电；电流；电学 _ (adj.)用电的；带电的 _ (adj.)与
3、电有关的；电学的injureinjuryinjuredsurvivorsurvivesurvivalelectricityelectriceletrical补全短语1_ away 立刻；马上2as _ 仿佛；好像3think _ of 对评价不高；不把当回事4as _ 和往常一样5at an _ 结束；终结6cut _ 穿过；贯穿；抄近路7in _ 严重受损；破败不堪8blow _ 把刮走9_ out 掘出；发现10a(great) _ of 许多；大量的rightiflittleusualendacrossruinsawaydignumber课文理解First略读主旨Para.1 _AThe
4、 earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.Para.2 _ BThe earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.Para.3 _ CHelp came soon after the quakes.Para.4 _ DNo one paid attention though strange things happened.DBACSecond细读细节1All the following unusual things happened before
5、 the quake EXCEPT that _ .Athe water in the village wells rose and fellBthe chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eatCtens of thousands of cows would never give milk againDfish jumped out of their bowls and pondsC2Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because _ .Athey didnt noti
6、ce anything strange happeningBthey knew well about earthquakesCsomething strange happened in many placesDthey didnt realize the arrival of an earthquake3When did the earthquake happen？ _ AAt night on July 28,1976.BOn the morning of July 28,1976.COn the afternoon of July 28,1976.DThe writer didnt tel
7、l us.DB4Which is TRUE according to the passage？ _ APeople paid much attention to those strange things before the earthquake.BBefore the earthquake animals became nervous.CAfter the earthquake water was needed because there was no water in dams and wells.DAfter the earthquake the people in Tangshan l
8、ost hope because they were homeless.B5What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean？ _ AThe city will not die; it has hope and it can recover from the pain.BThe army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.CHundreds of thousands of people were helped.DMost of the 10
9、,000 miners were rescued.AinjuredinsteadshockedoffdestroyedatThe people of Tangshan didnt lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent to help the rescue workersThe soldiers tried their best to dig 7_ those 8_ were trappedThey also built shelters for the survivorsFresh water was taken to the city b
10、y every meansSlowly, the city began to come back to life.It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countrysideThe water in the village wells 9_ (rise) and fellFish jumped out of the pondsStrange noises were heard in the sky，but people thought little of 10_ .outwhoroseth
11、emFourth研读难句1The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when引导的是 _ 从句。译文： _ 2But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。 _ 引导的是非限制性定语从句， _ 是先行词，在从句中作
12、_ 。译文： _ _ 时间状语即使空中没有飞机，在唐山市外也可以听到飞机的声音。whopeople主语但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，那天晚上照常睡着了。3A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是 _ 从句，修饰先行词 _ ，在从句中作 _ 。译文： _ 定语crack主语一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房屋、马路和水道。合合 作作 探探 究究(1)(burst，
13、burst)vi.爆裂；爆发In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开了。They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face.看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。重 点 词 汇1burst(2)(burst，burst)v.猛冲；突然出现He burst into the room without knocking.他没敲门就闯进了房间。(3)nC突然破裂；爆发The sudden burst of the tyr
14、e caused the car to roll over.轮胎突然爆裂导致翻车。He gave a burst of laughter.他突然大笑起来。burst的多层含义单句语法填空She burst into _ (tear) the moment she got the sad news.Everyone was quiet when Jenny suddenly burst out _ (cry)单句改错I burst out laughter at the sight of the funny actor._ tearscryingoutinto或laughterlaughing(
15、1)n.废墟；毁灭In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就被掩埋在了一片废墟之中。An earthquake left the whole town in ruins in Yiliang.一场地震使彝良到处是断壁残垣。(2)vt.毁灭；使破产The rain ruined our holiday.这场雨把我们的假期毁了。2ruin in ruins 成为废墟fall/come into ruin 被毁了be ruined by.被破坏A large number of churches fel
16、l into ruin after the revolution(革命)革命过后，许多教堂都被毁了。ruin指“废墟”时，常用复数形式。单句语法填空My new shoes got _ (ruin) in the mud.The country _ (ruin) by the war.Years of fighting have left the area in _ (ruin)ruinedwas ruinedruinsTwothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们之中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。People
17、have been seriously injured in a traffic accident.在一次交通事故中，有人严重受伤。3injure vt.损害；伤害(1)injury n伤；伤害do an injury to sb.do sban injury 伤害某人(2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的the injured 伤员injure多指在意外事故中受伤He was knocked down by a cab in the block and was badly injured.他在街区被一辆出租车撞倒了，严重受伤。hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害I
18、dont want to hurt your feelings.我不想伤害你的感情。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤The soldier was wounded badly.这位士兵严重受伤。harm一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重损害了他的健康。单句语法填空He suffered _ (injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree.Luckily, the _ (injure) were soon t
19、aken to the hospital. _ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.injuriesinjuredBeing injured选词填空He ignored her on purpose, which _ her feelings.Reading in the sun will _ your eyes.Five people were killed and many others were seriously _ in the attack.Luckily she was no
20、t badly _ and we sent her to the nearest hospital.hurtharmwoundedinjured(1)vt& vi.(使)震惊；震动The explosion in Tianjin shocked the whole country.天津的爆炸事件让举国上下为之震惊。(2)n.休克；打击；震惊The news of his death was a shock to us.他去世的消息令我们震惊。Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was em
21、barrassed and clearly in shock.虽然她丈夫和她在一起，但是到处都是血，这位妇女很尴尬，明显也很震惊。4shock (1)be a shock to.使震惊be in shock 处于震惊中(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对感到震惊be shocked to do sth做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！Rescue workers were shocked b
22、y what they saw.救援人员对眼前的景象感到震惊。ed形容词与ing形容词的区别(1)以后缀ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物。(2)以后缀ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征。完成句子(重庆高考)The pare
23、nts _ (被这个消息震惊了) that their son needed an operation on his knee.(重庆高考)The news _ (震惊了公众), leading to great concern about students safety at school.(北京高考) _ (这则令人震惊的消息) made me realize what terrible problems we would face.were shocked by the newsshocked the publicThe shocking news单句语法填空People were _
24、(shock) to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmotherThe _ (shock) news _ (shock) all the people around, which was also _ shock to her father who was working abroad.We were all _ (shock) to learn that the onethousandyear temple lay in ruins during the earthquake last week.解析：be shoc
25、ked to learn.得知很震惊。shockedashockedAn explosion at a local mine killed at least 62 workers and left another 13 injured.Yes, the news came as _ shock to us all.解析：shock此处指“令人震惊的事件”，是可数名词。(2018浙江高考语法填空)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _ (shock) when I learnt she h
26、adnt cooked once in all that time.解析：考查时态和语态。根据后面when引导的时间状语从句中的learnt可知，用一般过去时态；再由句意可知，用被动语态，be shocked感到震惊。awas shocked(1)n.援救；营救Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。(2)vt.援救；营救She died when trying to rescue her children from the fire.她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子
27、时身亡。5rescue come to sb.s rescuerescue sb援救某人rescue sb./sthfrom.把某人/物从营救出来The police came to his rescue and sent him home.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。巧记rescue短语During the disaster, the rescue team came to many peoples rescue, and the doctors never gave up any hope of rescuing them from danger.在这场灾难中，救援小组营救了很多人；医生们
28、从没放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。单句语法填空We rescued him _ the enemys camp.He dived into the water _ (rescue) the boy.Eventually, the injured _ (rescue) by the helicopter.完成句子He _ drowning.他救起了一个落水的儿童。His father _ and lent him the money.他的父亲救了他并借钱给他。fromto rescuewere rescuedrescued a child fromcame to his rescue(1)vt.
29、使陷入困境Twenty miners were trapped underground.20名矿工被困在地下。Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.因为遇到交通阻塞，他上班迟到了。(2)n.陷阱；困境She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他布下圈套，他就径直落入圈套。6trap(1)be trapped 使陷入困境trap sbinto(doing) sth诱骗某人做某事(2)set a trap 设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walk i
30、nto a trap 落入圈套The man trapped Tom into telling the truth.这个人诱骗汤姆说出实情。完成句子There was a power failureThey _ (被困在) the lift.The manager _ (诱骗老年人购买) insurance which was useless to them.(2018北京高考，9改编)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap)in the mountains for two days.解析：考查时态语态。句
31、意：一位搜救队员冒着生命危险救了两名游客，(在获救前)这两名游客已经被困在山中两天了。由句意可知，用过去完成时态的被动语态。were trapped intrapped the old into buyinghad been trappedWe needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading.我们需要尽快将尸体埋葬，以防止疾病扩散。7bury vt埋葬；掩埋；隐藏一词多义的“bury”完成句子In the evenings he _ his books.他每天晚上都专心读书。Thei
32、r house _ a heavy snow.他们的房子被大雪掩埋了。 _ ，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。buries himself in/is buried inwas buried byBuried in his book/Because he was buried in his book单句语法填空MrRichard hasnt got any time to play golf these days, because he _ (bury)in the research of bird language.解析：
33、句意：这些天理查德先生没有时间打高尔夫球，因为他专心于鸟类语言的研究。be buried in专心于。is buriedThe long hot summer was at last at an end.漫长的酷暑终于过去了。重 点 短 语1at an end结束；终结(2)at the end of.在末端by the end of.到为止(用于完成时)in the end 最后；终于By the end of last year, he had learned two thousand English words.到去年年底为止，他已学了2 000个英语单词。They decided to
34、 put an end to the quarrel.他们决定结束争吵。用end的短语填空The meeting _ at midnight.Everything will be all right _ .We must _ these endless arguments.The meeting was nearly _ when I got to the meeting room.Since Mike lost his job, he can hardly _ .Hes going to relax with friends once the exams are _ .came to an
35、endin the endput an end toat an endmake ends meetat an endImagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.想象一下你的家开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。He is injured badly in the accident, and you should call in the doctor right away.他在事故中受伤严重，你应该立即请医生来。2right away 立刻；马上单句语法填空He is ill, you should call in
36、a doctor right _ .If you set off _ (immediate) you will be able to meet him.翻译句子It is difficult to give an opinion right away.译： _ awayimmediately很难马上发表看法。The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。They dug out a large parcel beneath the
37、ruins.他们在废墟下面挖出一个大包裹。 At last the truth was dug out.最后真相被查明。3dig out掘出；发现dig的过去式和过去分词都是dug。完成句子It took me half an hour to _ (找到这本书)I even thought I might have lost it.The reason why the man suddenly changed his mind _ (还没有被查明)dig out the bookhasnt been dug outThere are a number of highways in the so
38、uthern and eastern parts of China.在中国的南部和东部地区，有许许多多的公路。A great number of soldiers were sent to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.有许多士兵被派遣去营救地震中的受困人员。4a(great) number of许多；大量的a number of“许多，大量”，后接复数名词。后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式After the earthquake a large number of buildings have been built.地震后许多楼房
39、被建了起来。the numberof“的数量”，后接复数名词。后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式The number of graduates in our school this year is 2,000.我们学校今年大学毕业生的人数是2 000。单句语法填空A number of students _ (be) invited to the party, but the number of the students present _ (be) twenty.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：很多学生被邀请参加晚会，但是到场的学生的数量是二十人。a number of“许多，大量的”，作主语时
40、谓语动词要用复数；the number of“的数量”，作主语时谓语动词为单数。have beenisAs you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时。keeps(1)as ifas though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。(2)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事
41、实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to snow.看来要下雪。经 典 句 式1It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！单句语法填空(北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _ (be) made of steel.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样处理。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。(重庆高考)It was John who br
42、oke the windowWhy are you talking to me as if I _ (do) it?werehad done表示全体意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，always，wholly等和否定副词not连用时均表示部分否定，意为“并非都，并非总是”。2All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。All the people didnt arrive on schedule.Not all the people arrived on schedule.并非所有的人
43、都按时到达。Both of them are not reliable.Not both of them are reliable.并非他们两个人都可靠。Actually, everyone isnt fond of living in big cities.Actually，not everyone is fond of living in big cities.事实上，并非每个人都喜欢居住在大城市。如果表达“全部否定”，请用no，none，neither，nothing，nobody，never等表示完全否定意义的词，与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。None of us could persua
44、de him into giving up smoking.我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。Nobody can recognize you in the crowd.没有人能在人群中认出你。英汉互译All that glitters(闪光) is not gold._ None of them knew the bad news._ Not all graduates can find a proper job after graduation._ 并非每个人都喜欢骑自行车上班。_发光的未必都是金子。他们中没有一个人知道这个坏消息。并非所有的大学毕业生都能在毕业后找到一份合适的工作。Not ev
45、eryone is fond of cycling to work./Everyone isnt fond of cycling to work.改为全部否定句Not everything goes well._ Not both of the girls cared about where to spend the holiday._Nothing goes well.Neither of the girls cared about where to spend the holiday.too.to.在大多数情况下表示否定意义，通常译为“太而不能”“太而无法”。He walks too sl
46、owly to get there on time.他走得太慢，不能按时到达那儿。The man is too stubborn to be persuaded to give up smoking.这个人太顽固，不能说服他戒烟。3In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。too.to.在下列情况下动词不定式表示肯定意义：(1)too后面跟表示心理变化的形容词，如anxious, eager, glad, pleased, thankful, delig
47、hted或描述性形容词easy, good, kind等时。尤其在这些形容词之前加上only, but, all, simply或just修饰时，动词不定式无否定意义。He was too anxious to do this job.他非常想做这份工作。Im only too delighted to accept your invitation.我非常高兴接受你的邀请。(2)too.to.结构中的too前有否定词时。not/never too.to.意为“做某事还不/决不太”。Its never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。/对学习而言，时间永远不算太晚。can/co
48、uld not.too/enough结构常出现在情景对话中，表示“无论怎样也不过分，无论怎么都不够。”You cant be too careful when crossing the road.过马路时，你再怎么小心也不为过。I cant thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。完成句子I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I _ (太忙而没有时间做)解析：本题由recently可知后面的句子要用现在完成时。Thats the new machine whose parts are _ (太小而不能被看到)Must I t
49、urn off the gas after cooking?Of courseYou _ (再怎么细心都不为过) with that.解析：can not/never.too/enough均可以表示“无论也不过分”。have been too busy to do ittoo small to be seencan never be too careful该句中的looking for places to hide作ran out of的伴随状语，状语中动作look for与句子的谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。4Mice ran out of the fields looking for pla
50、ces to hide.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)伴随状语He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。(2)原因状语Being ill, she didnt go to school as usual today.因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。(3)时间状语Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a journey with him.说服他改变主意后，我跟他一块儿去旅行了。(4)
51、结果状语The mother died，leaving a lot of money for her children.那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。(5)条件状语Turning right, you will find the place you want.往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了。(6)方式状语He came running to tell me the good news.他跑来告诉我这个好消息。在现在分词前加not即可构成其否定形式。Not knowing her address, I cant write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。现在分
52、词在句中作状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，同时现在分词短语的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。单句语法填空(2015天津高考改编) _ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.After _ (graduate) from university, he went to Beijing to try his luck.It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.The sun began t
53、o rise in the sky, _ (bath) the mountain in golden light.Having workedgraduatingcausingbathing(2015重庆高考改编)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _ (use) the sun and the stars.解析：句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟能通过太阳和星星找到路，birds与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。此处现在分词短语作方式状语。(2017天津高考改编)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ (allow)more patients to be treated.解析：句意：这家医院最近添加了新医疗设备，使更多的病人可以得到治疗。由句意可知，此处是顺理成章的结果，所以填allowing。usingallowing
