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1、Pre-ReadingThe Birth of a Science2.How many people are mentioned in the text? Who are they?Carl Linnaeus, Daniel Solander, Joseph Banks and James Cook.1.In the title “The Birth of a Science”, “science” refers to_. A. zoology(动物学动物学) B. botany C. biology D. medicineTask1. skimming3. What was the rela
2、tionship among the three persons?Daniel Solander was the student of Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of Joseph Banks.4.(主旨大意主旨大意)Paragraph one of the text “The birth of a science” mainly tells us _ Athe importance of botanyBhow to classify plant species into groupsCLinnaeus contribution to botanyDLinn
3、aeus discoveries about different speciesCTask2. scanningConcentrate on the 1st paragraph and see what achievements and contributions did Carl Linnaeus make to the world:When did botany become a special science?How was plant species classified before the work of Carl Linnaeus? What is the difference
4、between Linnaeus system and that of the other scientists?Afterthe18thcentury.Plantsareclassifiedintoherbsandtrees,accordingtotheshapeofthefruitInCarlLinnaeussystem,theidentificationofdifferentspecieswasbasedonSo, Carl Linnaeus developed the system how to classify plants into groups, and his system c
5、onquered the world.Which of the following sentences is true? A. Linnaeus contribution to science was quite small. B. All of Linnaeus ideas were completely new. C. Before Linnaeus there was no system to classify plants. D. Linnaeus system was simple and clear.信息综合题信息综合题Concentrate on the 2nd paragrap
6、h and see what achievements and contributions did Daniel Solander make to the world:What did Daniel Solander do in England in 1759?He travelled to England to promote the new system, and he developed a lifelong friendship with Joseph Banks, who would later ask him to join his team of botanical explor
7、ers on the Endeavour in 1768. What does Endeavour mean? A. Effort. B Hard Work C. The name of a ship. D. The name of a team.词义猜测题词义猜测题Concentrate on the paragraph3-7 and see what achievements and contributions did Joseph Banks make to the world:Arrange the events according to the correct time order
8、: a)_ Banks was elected president of the Royal Societyb)_ Banks and Cook made an expedition to Tahitic)_ Banks made a journey to study wild plantsd)_ Banks father died.e)_ The Endeavor returned to England (a success)f)_ Banks helped to develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the greatest botani
9、cal gardens in the world.17781768176617611771After 1778d, c, b, e, a, f信息综合题信息综合题Joseph Banks chose a career in science because _.A. he thought that was a good way of making a livingB. he was interested in botanyC. his father had died when he was only eighteen years oldD. he was very wealthyBHow old
10、 was Joseph Banks in 1768? A. 23 B. 25 C. 28 D. 30Captain Cook made_ voyages altogether around the world. A. one B. two C. three D. four CWhat did Joseph Banks do on the three-year voyage?he did not only study and describe new plants he found, but also looked out for new economic species and became
11、the first to move crops from one continent to another on a large scale.What great achievements and contributions did Joseph Banks make to the birth of botany as a science?Draw a conclusion:a)rich, but made his career in science; made his first journey to study; his second expedition was the great vo
12、yage with James Cook to the Oceania; he supplied 10,000 pounds; he discovered many new animals and plantsb)He was involved in enterprises such as the exploration During his 42-year presidency of the Royal Society, he helped to develop ., he accumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agri
13、culturec)It was he who made Kew a 词义猜测题词义猜测题 it was the British government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition. (Para5) What does “that part” refer to? A. To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun. B. To classify and describe all plant and anima
14、l life observed during the trip. C. To search for the unknown southern continent. D. All of the above Joseph Banks did not only study and describe new plants he found, but also looked out for new economic species(Para6) What does “economic” mean here? A. Cheap B. Condition of a country C. Spending m
15、oney in a careful way. D. Of plants that could be grown and sold.Carl Linnaeusdevelop a system to classify plantsDaniel Solanderpromote the systemJoseph Banksmake a botanical explorationachieve a lot in the field of botanythe birth of a science- botanyThe clue of the textWho?Who?Who It was not until
16、 the _ century that_, which used to be considered as a _ of medicine, got separated. The breakthrough was made by Carl Linnaeus. His system soon _the world and several people joined him, one of whom was Joseph Banks. Having an _ for knowledge, Joseph Banks decided to choose a _ in science. In 1768,
17、he was appointed to start an expedition , which had _ goals, to Tahiti. 18thbotanybranchconqueredappetitecareerthree Since the government wouldnt pay for such a new _ of science as botany, Joseph Banks, had to supply about 10,000 of his own money to _ the expedition. The three-year _ turned out to b
18、e a great _, during which Joseph Banks not only studied and _ new plants he found but also looked out for new _ species. He did so good a job that he was elected _ of the Royal Society. fieldequipvoyagesuccessdescribedeconomicpresidentSo, weve learned something about botany: the classification, and
19、the scientists related.Language pointsmerely你不必太生气了你不必太生气了,他只不过是想知道点事实真相。他只不过是想知道点事实真相。You dont have to be angry. He merely wanted to know the truth. most ,mostly1) most 大多数大多数 most students / most of the students most of you It is most kind of you to help me. 非常非常This is a most useful reference boo
20、k.at (the) most 至多至多make the most of 充分利用充分利用2) mostly adv. mainly, chiefly主要地，大部分地通常；强主要地，大部分地通常；强调所占比例，成分。调所占比例，成分。She is mostly out on Sundays.My friends are mostly basketball fans.The medicine is_made of soda water. most B. almost C. mostly D nearlyclassifyarrange (sth) systematically in classes
21、 or groups 将（某事物）编排将（某事物）编排, 分类分类:The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. sb/sth (as sth); place sb/sth in a particular class 将某人将某人/某事物归类某事物归类: Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? unique (a) being the only one of its type 独一无二的独一无二的
22、; 仅有的仅有的; 唯一的唯一的: a unique work of art(b) having no like or equal; unparalleled 独特的独特的; 无比无比的的; 无双的无双的: a unique opportunity 难得的机会难得的机会a unique ability 独有的能力独有的能力. (c) unusual; remarkable 不寻常的不寻常的; 突出的突出的: a rather unique little restaurant 别具一格的餐馆别具一格的餐馆.她是唯一适於做此工作的人她是唯一适於做此工作的人. She is uniquely sui
23、ted to the job. identification n. 1) 认出认出;识别识别;鉴定鉴定;确认确认U the identification of criminals by their fingerprints 2) 身份证明身份证明;身份证身份证U/C 我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。 I used my drivers license as identification. 你有身份证明吗？你有身份证明吗？ Have you any identification? 他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。 His only mean
24、s of identification was his passport. vt. identify vt. 确认确认;识别识别;鉴定鉴定,验明验明 (+as) 她认出他就是袭击她的人。她认出他就是袭击她的人。 She identified him as her attacker. 我识别不出这是谁的签字。我识别不出这是谁的签字。 I cannot identify this signature. promote1) 尤用於被动语态尤用於被动语态: sb (to sth) raise sb to a higher position or rank 提升、提升、 晋升或擢升某人晋升或擢升某人她工
25、作很努力她工作很努力, 很快便获得提升很快便获得提升.She worked hard and was soon promoted.该足球队已晋升为甲级队该足球队已晋升为甲级队.The football team was promoted to the first division.我们的老师已被提升为校长了。我们的老师已被提升为校长了。 Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 2) help the progress of (sth); encourage orsupport 促进促进, 增进（某事物）增进（某事物）; 鼓励鼓励; 支持支持:
26、The organization works to promote friendship / cooperation between nations. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊.privilege1) C 特有的权利、特有的权利、 利益或好处利益或好处:Parking in this street is the privilege of the residents. 在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利.the privileges of birth, eg the benefits of belonging to a wealt
27、hy family 与生俱来的优越（如生於富贵之家而有的利益）与生俱来的优越（如生於富贵之家而有的利益）He enjoys diplomatic privileges. 他享有外交特权。他享有外交特权。 在一个现代社会中在一个现代社会中,受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。 Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society. 2) (贬贬) rights and advantages possessed by the rich and powerful people in a
28、 society （有钱有势者的）特权（有钱有势者的）特权, 特特别待遇别待遇: They fought against privilege in order to create a fairer society. 她过着养尊处优的生活她过着养尊处优的生活. She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 3) special benefit given to sb as a favour 特别给予的好处或特别给予的好处或待遇待遇: Older pupils enjoy special privileges. 岁数较大的学童受到岁数较大的学童受到优待优待
29、.Thank you for showing us your collection of paintings. Its my privilege (ie I am honored to do so). 感谢你让我们观赏你所收藏的画感谢你让我们观赏你所收藏的画,同欢共赏同欢共赏, 不胜荣幸不胜荣幸. cosy 1) (warm and) comfortable （暖和而）舒适的（暖和而）舒适的: a cosy room, chair, feelinga nice cosy little house 2) intimate and friendly 亲切友好的亲切友好的: a cosy chat
30、by the firesideappetite n. U/C 1) 食欲食欲,胃口胃口(+for) Exercise gave her a good appetite. 运动使她胃口大增。运动使她胃口大增。 to lose ones appetite 食欲不振食欲不振 2) 欲望欲望;爱好爱好(+for) At the moment she had no appetite for gossip. 此时此刻她无心闲聊。此时此刻她无心闲聊。 an appetite for learning. 学习的强烈愿望学习的强烈愿望 He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫无斗
31、志他毫无斗志. appoint (n. appointment) 1) sb (to sth); sb (as sth) 挑选（某人）做某工作或挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位任某职位; 任命任命; 委派委派: They have appointed Smith/a new manager. 他们已经任他们已经任用了史密斯用了史密斯/一位新经理一位新经理.We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school. 我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。 2) 约定约定,指定指定;安排安排
32、 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time. They will appoint a date for the examination. 指定开会时间指定开会时间 to appoint a time for the meeting calculate vt. vi. 1) 计算计算 Our price has already been closely calculated. There is no room for reduction. 我们的价格是经过精密计算的，无让步余地。我们的价格是经过精密计算的，无让步余地。 2) 估计；推算估计；推算 Th
33、ey calculated the cost of a journey 他们估算了旅游所需费用他们估算了旅游所需费用 I calculate youll get there in time. 我认为你们赶到那儿我认为你们赶到那儿. look out for 警惕，留心；寻找警惕，留心；寻找 1) watch out for；keep a watch for 密切注意；提防密切注意；提防 When youre eating fish，look out for the bones你得小心，不要感冒了。你得小心，不要感冒了。 You must look out for catching cold2)
34、 seek if one can find寻找寻找 你去火车站找你叔叔吗？你去火车站找你叔叔吗？ Will you go to the station and look out for your uncle？Investors look out for better returns 投资者寻求好的回报投资者寻求好的回报 3) take care of照顾；照看照顾；照看 You neednt worry about me， I can look out for myself你不用替我担心，我会照顾自己的。你不用替我担心，我会照顾自己的。 involve1) make (sth) necessa
35、ry as a condition or result; entail 使（某事物）成为必要条件或结果使（某事物）成为必要条件或结果; 需要需要: The scheme involves computers.这一设计离不开计算机这一设计离不开计算机.The job involved me/my living in London. 工作需要我住在工作需要我住在伦敦伦敦. 2) include or affect (sb/sth) in its operation 包括包括, 包含包含, 牵涉牵涉, 牵连（某人牵连（某人某事物）某事物）: a situation in which national
36、 security is involved 涉及国涉及国家安全的形势家安全的形势. All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。 This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。这一课需要做的工作有很多。 3) (a) sb/sth in 使某人使某人/某事物参与某活动或陷入某情况某事物参与某活动或陷入某情况: Dont involve me in solving your problems! 你解决你的问你解决你的问题题,
37、 不要把我拉进去不要把我拉进去! (b) sb/sth in sth bring sb/sth into (a difficult situation) 使某人使某人/某事物陷入（困境）某事物陷入（困境）: involve sb in expense, a lot of trouble 使某人破费、使某人破费、 招惹许招惹许多麻烦多麻烦He was involved in a heated argument. 他参与了一场激烈他参与了一场激烈的争论的争论.Thats no concern of mine. Im not involved. 那与我无关那与我无关,我未卷入。我未卷入。 accum
38、ulate vt. -lated, -lating，accumulation 累积累积,积聚积聚;积攒积攒 They accumulated a huge mass of data. 他们积累了大量的资料。他们积累了大量的资料。 accumulate enough evidence to ensure his conviction 搜集搜集足够的证据以给他定罪足够的证据以给他定罪By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产资精明而积蓄了一笔财产.vi. 积成堆积成堆;累积累积,聚积聚积 Dust had a
39、ccumulated during her absence. 她不在时灰尘积了起来。她不在时灰尘积了起来。abandon vt. -ed 1) 丢弃丢弃;抛弃抛弃,遗弃遗弃 The crew abandoned the burning ship. 水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。 The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. abandon ones home 离弃家园离弃家园 He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两
40、人所有的钱。他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。 an abandoned car, dwelling, fort, village 被抛弃的汽车、被抛弃的汽车、 被离弃的住所、被离弃的住所、 被遗弃的堡垒、被遗弃的堡垒、 被离弃的村庄被离弃的村庄2) 放弃放弃,中止中止 He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想abandon a project, plan, scheme, etc 放弃一项方案、放弃一项方案、 计划、计划、 设计等设计等urge people who smoke to abandon the habit 敦促吸烟的敦促吸烟的人戒烟人戒烟
