《InformationTechnologytheInternetandYou》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《InformationTechnologytheInternetandYou（22页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, o
2、r posted on a website, in whole or part.Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanne
3、d, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and YouChapter 1 Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for a
4、uthorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.内容提要内容提要信息系统的组成信息系统的组成计算机硬件计算机硬件计算机软件计算机软件数据数据连通性连通性2Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology
5、, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.信息系统的定义
6、（信息系统的定义（1）定义一：定义一：信息系统是由计算机硬件、计算机软件、网络和通讯设备、信息资源、信息用户和规程组成的以处理信息流为目的的人机一体化系统信息系统的信息系统的6要素：要素：人：信息系统的服务对象计算机硬件、计算机软件：构成计算机系统网络和通讯设备：将计算机连接在一起，同时它们本身也是特殊用途的计算机信息资源：信息系统处理的对象，如文本、数据、图像等，大数据时代相当一部分信息资源也是由计算机生成的规程：规定人如何使用计算机硬件、软件、网络和信息资源Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and
7、You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.信息系统的定义（信息系统的定义（2）定义定义二（百度百
8、科）二（百度百科）：信息系统是一个由人、计算机及外围设备等组成的，能进行信息的收集、传递、存贮、加工、维护和使用的系统总之，计算机是信息系统的重要组成部分：各种各样的计算机（专用，通用）构成了信息系统的计算平台和传输平台Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale
9、or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.计算机和网络改变了我们的生活计算机和网络改变了我们的生活计算机和网络已成为日常生活的必备工计算机和网络已成为日常生活的必备工具，改变了人们生产和生活的方方面面：具，改变了人们生产和生活的方方面面：新的学习方式：如在线学习新的就业方式：如开网店新的通信方式：各种社交工具新的支付方式：如电子支付新的服务
10、方式：如共享单车、外卖5Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, di
11、stributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.计算机和网络改变了我们的生活计算机和网络改变了我们的生活计算机和网络已成为日常生活的必备工计算机和网络已成为日常生活的必备工具，改变了人们生产和生活的方方面面：具，改变了人们生产和生活的方方面面：新的学习方式：如在线学习新的就业方式：如开网店新的通信方式：各种社交工具新的支付方式：如电子支付新的服务方式：如共享单车、外卖6Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-
12、Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.信息系统的组成信息系统的组成7People：信息系统服务的对象HardwareSoftwar
13、eConnectivity（连通性）DataProcedures：规则和指南Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
14、 duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.硬件硬件（计算机）计算机）计算机计算机：可以根据指令接收输入、进行处理和生成信息的电子设备按照处理能力按照处理能力分为：分为：超级计算机大型计算机小型计算机（服务器）个人计算机8Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solel
15、y for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.超级计算机和大型计算机超级计算机和大型计算机超级计算机：超级计算机：功能最强、运算速度最快、存储容量最大的计算机，通常包含数千甚至更多的处理器主要承担大规模科学计算任务，是国家科技发展水
16、平和综合国力的重要标志大型计算机：大型计算机：具有很高的处理速度和存储容量，主要用于工业、商业用途主要区别：主要区别：超级计算机使用通用处理器及（类）Unix操作系统，大型机使用专用指令系统和操作系统超级计算机长于数值计算，大型机长于非数值计算超级计算机主要用于尖端科学领域，大型机主要用于大型制造企业、商业领域Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for autho
17、rized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.小型机和个人计算机小型机和个人计算机小型机（服务器）：小型机（服务器）：以前主要由一些中型企业使用，现在广泛用于提供网络服务，如作为邮件服务器、数据库服务器等个人计算机：个人计算机：包括台式机、笔记本、平板电
18、脑、智能手机、可穿戴设备个人计算机个人计算机Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, for
19、warded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例）个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例） 系统单元：系统单元：包含了计算机中绝大部分电子元件的容器包括主板、微处理器、内存、电源等输入输入/输出设备：输出设备：输入设备：将人能理解的数据和程序转化成计算机能处理的形式输出设备：将计算机的处理结果转化成人能够理解的形式Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Educ
20、ation. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例）个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例） 系统单元：系统单元：包含了计算机中绝大部分电子元
21、件的容器包括主板、微处理器、内存、电源等输入输入/输出设备：输出设备：输入设备：将人能理解的数据和程序转化成计算机能处理的形式输出设备：将计算机的处理结果转化成人能够理解的形式Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
22、 manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例）个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例） 辅助存储设备辅助存储设备：断电后仍能保存数据和程序的存储设备常见的有硬盘、光盘、闪存等通信设备：通信设备：为计算机提供网络连接的设备，如网卡、调制解调器等Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, a
23、nd You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.软件软件应用软件应用软件给终端用户使用的软件按用
24、户群体分为两类：按用户群体分为两类：通用软件：面向各类用户，如办公软件、浏览器等专用软件：为特定专业人士设计，如网页制作软件、账务软件等移动软件：为移动设备开发的应用程序系统软件系统软件支持计算机系统正常运行、支持应用软件开发和运行的程序集合主要被计算机使用四种类型：四种类型：操作系统实用程序设备驱动程序语言处理程序软件（程序）：计算机指令的集合软件（程序）：计算机指令的集合Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This prop
25、rietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.系统软件（系统软件（1）操作系统（系统控制软操作系统（系统控制软件）：件）：管理和控制计算机资源（硬件、软件、数据）运行应用程序：任何其它软件
26、必须在操作系统上运行提供用户与计算机的接口1515Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated,
27、forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.系统软件（系统软件（2）实用程序（系统支持软件）实用程序（系统支持软件）一组常用程序，向操作系统、应用软件和用户提供经常需要的功能比如，任务管理器、磁盘清理、计算机性能监视、备份软件、反病毒软件等设备驱动程序设备驱动程序允许计算机和设备通信的程序，由设备生产商提供操作系统通过设备驱动程序来控制设备的工作比如，磁盘驱动程序、网卡驱动程序等语言处理程序：语言处理程序：将用程序设计语言编写的源程序转换成机器语言的形式Computing Essentials 2014Inf
28、ormation Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in wh
29、ole or part.数据数据数据：数据：原始的、未经处理的事实，包括文本、数字、图像和声音数据和信息：数据和信息：数据经过加工处理后成为信息信息经过数字化转变成数据后，才能存储和传输数据是信息的载体，信息是数据的内涵Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale
30、or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.数据数据数据：数据：原始的、未经处理的事实，包括文本、数字、图像和声音数据和信息：数据和信息：数据经过加工处理后成为信息信息经过数字化转变成数据后，才能存储和传输数据是信息的载体，信息是数据的内涵Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the
31、 Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.文件文件文件：文件：数据
32、以文件的形式存储和传输，文件可直接作为计算机系统的输入常见的文件类型有：常见的文件类型有：文档文件：如word文件工作表文件：如excel文件 演示文件：如PPT文件图片文件：如jpeg文件音频文件：如mp3文件视频文件：如mp4文件Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized fo
33、r sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.连通性连通性连通性：与其它计算机共享信息的能力 计算机网络：将多台计算机连接在一起的通信系统因特网将世界上绝大多数的网络连接在一起不断增强的连通性给人类生活产生了重大影响：云计算：利用网络将计算从用户终端转移到数据中心无线通信 ：利用移动终端可实现随时随地上网物联网：实现了人与物、物与
34、物的互联20Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distribu
35、ted, or posted on a website, in whole or part.万物互联的世界万物互联的世界因特网因特网+无线通信无线通信+物联网物联网+云计算云计算 万物互联万物互联Computing Essentials 2014Information Technology, the Internet, and You 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribut
36、ion in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.本书的辅助教学内容本书的辅助教学内容Making IT Work for You：一些实用的应用程序Tips：让计算机运行更安全、更有效的小窍门Exploration：获取更多相关知识的链接Ethics：相关技术引发的伦理思考Environment：信息技术对环境的影响Careers in IT：将来可以从事的工作、就业需求、学历要求、工资水平、晋升机会等
