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1、猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章1.对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测The underlined word cultivated ( paragraph 1 ) The underlined word cultivated ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means _.roughly means _. 2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly meansmeans4.对句
2、义的猜测对句义的猜测When I got back out into the street, the world seemed When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient out of an ancient legendlegend3.对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to_.Th
3、e underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to_. 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _. 2. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 3. The underlined sentence “” means _. .If you come across new words, expressions and sentences when
4、reading, What will you do ?语境法语境法Contextclues 构词法构词法Word formation猜测词义合成合成 Compounding 转化转化 Conversion派生派生 Derivation构词法构词法Word formationprefixsuffix 表否定 un-, non-, in-, dis- 表相反 un-, de-, dis-, counter- 错误失当错误失当 mis-, mal-, pseudo- 表向背 pro-, anti- 表程度 arch-, super-, ultra- , over-, under-, mini-, s
5、emi- , 表时间 pre, fore-, post- 表方位 sub-, inter-, trans- prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制 移植 反击 suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （ 向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性质）（身份；资格；权力；性质）-some （ 易于易于的）的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的
6、）的）waterproof streetscape innermost speechless防水的 街景最内心的 无语的 l He is said to be “undersized with “short legs and a “round stomach”. （08广东卷）广东卷）lTales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. （08广东卷）广东卷）lThey caught the emotional landscape from heartbreak to joy, but share the undeniab
7、le longing for recovery and hope. (2010深一模深一模)派生派生 Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的l He was something out of an ancient legend, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-where （06广东卷）广东卷）合成合成 Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方l Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a mo
8、re democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. （08广东卷）广东卷）lShe rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）广东卷）转化转化 Conversionn.n.v. v. 发言，发表意见发言，发表意见v.v.n. n. 倚靠倚靠二二 利用对比和反义词利用对比和反义词一一 利用释义词利用释义词( (句）句）四四 利用上下文利用上下文三三 利用因果关系利用因果关系语境法语境法Contextclues ore.g. for examplesuch
9、asfor instancethis isThat is to sayin other wordsmeanrefer tonamelybe calledbe identified asto put it differently定语从句定语从句括号括号,引号引号,破折号破折号一、利用释义词（句）一、利用释义词（句）Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.哑剧New houses, large schools, modern factories, more horses and sheep - everywhere
10、 we saw signs of prosperity.繁荣繁荣on the other handon the contrarydespitein spite ofInsteadrather thanthoughbutyethoweverwhileunlikein contrast分号分号二、利用对比和反义词二、利用对比和反义词Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic but Written langu
11、age tends to be static, while spoken language constantly change. while静止的静止的 Jack is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.in contrast傲慢的傲慢的 A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. A. a party designed by s
12、pecialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests;becauseassinceforthussoso thathencethereforeAs a result三、利用因果关系三、利用因果关系lWhen some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers
13、off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. （08广东卷）广东卷）l65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _.lA. attracted the customers strongly lB. had weak effects on the customerslC. tricked the customers into shoppinglD. caused the customers t
14、o lose interestbecause四、利用上下文四、利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系1. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?2. The mayor made an address to the citizens at the meeting yesterday. imaginespeechl（ 福建卷）福建卷） Rainforests like the Amazon ar
15、e important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.l64.The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_.A. cleaning
16、up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving outl When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的反常的) mental stat
17、e. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? lThe underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably mean _.A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on l(08广东）广东） Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this
18、 a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.l “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, th
19、e new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”l Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. lThe unde
20、rlined word “gulf” in Para. 3 most probably means_.l A. interest B. distance l C. difference D. separation Children simulate to view solar eclipse with goggles as a preparation for the coming one on July 22, in north Chinas Tianjin, July 19, 2009. A total solar eclipse will be seen on July 22 in the
21、 area along the Yangtze River in central China, while a partial solar eclipse could be seen in Beijing, capital of China, and Tianjin.日全食日全食 日偏食日偏食 日食日食 (2009年全国卷年全国卷I) If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely th
22、at hell clam up. 69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excited B. show respectC. refuse to talk D. seek helplAs a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now Im afraid. (04广东卷
23、广东卷) l58. The underlined part “it” refers to_.A. a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport this ,that, it, them, onethis ,that, it, them, one等代词指代内容一般等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面是在此词的前面, ,理解上下文特别是上句的意理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键识和本句的意思是解题的关键. .Now, lets come to more practice!释义词释义词反义词和信息词反义词和信息词因果关系因果关系 因果
24、关系因果关系熟词新义熟词新义信息词信息词信息词信息词生活常识生活常识指代关系指代关系Passage 1Passage 2Passage 3Passage 4Passage 5Passage 6Passage 7Passage 8Passage 9l(2009年福建卷年福建卷) For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he ha
25、d challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融（融化）化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said. l73. The
26、underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer toA. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points such asl l( 广东卷广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” Different from popular belief, most good leader
27、s are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?l lThe underlined word roughly means _.A. encouraged B. comparedC. examined D. developedl ( 广东卷）广东卷）Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kell
28、y, the youngest one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. lThe underlined expressio
29、n “make a big “to do” over means _. A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on C. list jobs to be done for D. do good things for becausel( 2008年四川卷）年四川卷）Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit
30、. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. lWhat does the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean? _A. keep everything out of campgroundsB. take away everything you bring inC. carry all the necessary foodD. look after your personal bel
31、ongings l(2009江西卷江西卷)New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to
32、 the epic of the Silk Road.l72. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by .A. produced B. contributed C. doubled D. combined We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or
33、 left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. （2009广东卷）广东卷） 47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means_A. formed an idea forB. made an outline forC. made some space forD. chose some colors forl(
34、2009年四川卷年四川卷)Honesty comes in many forms. First theres self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something Im not , I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA(personal bank account ).l49. The underlined part
35、“appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means “ ”. A. to be honest B. to be unrealC. to become clearD. to come from an imagined worldorl(2009年全国卷年全国卷II) Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married
36、saves an hour of housework a week. “Its a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigans Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.” l45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1,
37、 a married man_. A. takes on heavier work B. does more housework C. is the main breadwinner D. is the master of the house l(2009年安徽卷年安徽卷)This action affects the environment as a wholeFor example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforestsPeople obviously have a need for the
38、 resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.l There are two main reasons for thisFirstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or twoSecondly，l73What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?AWe w
39、ill lose much more than we can gainBHumans have begun destroying rainforestsCPeople have a strong desire for resourcesDMuch carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests语境法语境法Contextclues 构词法构词法Word formationConsolidation二、利用二、利用对比和反义词对比和反义词一、利用释义词一、利用释义词( (句）句）三、利用因果关系三、利用因果关系四、利用上下文四、利用上下文合成合成 Com
40、pounding 转化转化 Conversion派生派生 DerivationUnfamiliar word is to English reading what setback is to our life.You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help, but most of time you will have to overcome it on your own. No matter what difficulty you come across in your life, remember that as long as you dont lose heart, you are sure to find a way out.Homework1. Go over what we learned in this period.2. Finish additional exercises Thank You! Bye-bye!
