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1、名词性从句一.相关概念1.名词：名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾：名词在句中主要作主语、宾 语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。3.名词性从句：名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充 当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类：名词性从句的种类： 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，根据
2、名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分， 名词性从句可以分为名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句语从句和同位语从句。二.主语从句1.主语从句的连接词1).连接词: that, whether (1).That he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported that sales of beef in China will increase. (3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4).Whether he ll
3、 join us in the discussion is of great importance.2).连接代词连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever(1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.(2).Whose bag it is can not be told.(3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.(4).It is not ye
4、t decided which cash crop will be produced next year.(5).Whatever he said was right.(6).Whoever go there must get ready by 6 oclock.3).连接副词连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how soon, how often例:(1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy oxen is some
5、thing we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.2.2.注意点注意点1).主语从句一律用陈述
6、句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓谓 语在后语在后. 例例: 正正: When he will come is not known. 误误: When will he come is not known.2).连接词连接词that在从句中无实际意义在从句中无实际意义,但不能省但不能省略略. 例例: 正正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 误误: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3).whether可以引导主语从句可
7、以引导主语从句,但但 if 不能不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主等词可以引导主语从句语从句, 但但no matter who, no matter what 等不等不能能.5).为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形作形式主语式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.It is well known/reported/thought/said/thatIt is clear/necessary/certain/tr/doubtful/thatIt is a pity/a shame/
8、an honour/ thatIt doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens thatit作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语语从从句句的的连连接接词词没没有有变变化化。而而it引引导导的的强强调调句句则则是是对对句句子子某某一一部部分分进进行行强强调调，无无论论强强调调的的是是什什么么成成分分 ,都都 可可 用用 连连 词词 that。 被被 强强 调调 部部 分分 指指 人人 是是 也也 可可 用用who/whom。例如：例如： It i
9、s a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.用用it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge tha
10、t 是常识是常识(2) It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情
11、况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结结构构中中的的主主语语从从句句不不可可提提前前。例如：例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结结构构中中的的主主语语从从句句不不可可提提前前。例如：例如： It occurred to him that
12、he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语结构中的主语 从句不可提前。从句不可提前。例如：例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可 提前。提前。例如：例如： Is it
13、likely that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely? 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：三三. .宾语从句宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. 例: I dont know whether I wil
14、l stay or not. (2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中,that 不省略.例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.宾语从句
15、宾语从句1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept m
16、y invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语， Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry
17、, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。等。也可以将此类词后的也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在在句句尾尾，特特别别是是在在带带复复合合宾宾语语的的句子中。句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next
18、month.5. 后边不能直接跟后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词从句的动词 这这类类动动词词有有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等等。这这类类词词后后可可以以用用不不定定式式或或动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，但但不可以用不可以用that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match. 6. 否定的转移否定的转
19、移 若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等等，其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义，一一般般要要把把否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句谓谓语语上上，从从句句谓语用肯定式。谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。四四. .表语从句表语从句1.表语从句的引导词: 基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that, whether(不用if)外,还可以用be
20、cause.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though (as if ). 例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. (2).The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town. (3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India. (4).That is what he told us. (5).It seems a
21、s if it is going to rain. 2.注意点1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.4).不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot o
22、f traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.五五. .同位语从句同位语从句1.同位语从句的引导词: that2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句. 例: (
23、1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表 结构,that 不作从句中的成分,同位语从句) (2).I still remember the place that we visited last year.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中的宾 语,定语从句)3.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth,word 等.同位语从句与定语
24、从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述定定的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)
25、The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引引导导的的从从句句是是定定语语从从句句，that在在从句中作宾语）从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。） （同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分） 名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考, ,在
26、各种题目在各种题目中也经常出现中也经常出现, ,其中名词性从句的连接词的考查其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重是重中之重, ,考生如何正确理解句子的含义考生如何正确理解句子的含义, ,选取选取正确的连接词正确的连接词, ,是把握好这一类题目的关键。是把握好这一类题目的关键。一、表语从句的考查一、表语从句的考查 考例考例1 (2003北京春季北京春季)-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats_ . A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
27、 C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析解析:本题全句意为：本题全句意为：“你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？”“哦，正是这件事使我激动不已。哦，正是这件事使我激动不已。”关键词语关键词语“still thinking about yesterdays game” 决定决定必然用表语从句必然用表语从句what makes me feel excited ,表示比表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,现在还在现在还在thinking; B项是项是泛泛而指泛泛而指,当然不行当然不行;C和和D项内容与上下文问
28、题无关。项内容与上下文问题无关。 考例考例2 2 ( 2002上海春季上海春季)Perseverance is a kind of quality ,and thats_ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why A解析解析:本题考查表语从句中引导词的用法。本题考查表语从句中引导词的用法。What 既引既引导表语从句又在从句中作导表语从句又在从句中作takes的宾语的宾语,构成构成It takes sth. to do sth.的句型。的句型。 二、宾语从句的考查二、宾语从句的考查 考例考例3 3 ( 2003安
29、徽春季安徽春季)Mr. Hall understands that_ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. A. unless B. since C. although D. when C解析解析:该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法. 观察题干观察题干Mr. Hall understands是主句是主句,其后有其后有that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句,可可将该句简化为将该句简化为: _ maths has always been easy for him, it is
30、 not easy for the students.分析简化后的句子可分析简化后的句子可知知, maths has always been easy for him与与it is not easy for the students之间含有转折关系之间含有转折关系,其他选项不合题干其他选项不合题干逻辑。逻辑。 考例考例4 4(NMET2001)A computer can only do_you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when解析解析: :这是一个宾语从句这是一个宾语从句,do后面缺少宾语后面缺少宾语,what
31、在句在句中既引导宾语从句，又作中既引导宾语从句，又作do的宾语的宾语 三、主语从句的考查三、主语从句的考查 考例考例5 5 (2002上海春季上海春季)_fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which B解析解析:这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词，所以要选只缺一个引导词，所以要选that。这句话的意思是这句话的意
32、思是国与国之国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异。 C四、同位语从句的考查四、同位语从句的考查 考例考例6 6（2003上海）上海）There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 解析解析:that引导从句作引导从句作problem
33、的同位语的同位语,解释解释problem的具体内容的具体内容.这句话的意思是这句话的意思是私人汽车的普及牵涉到私人汽车的普及牵涉到一个新的问题，即路况需要改进一个新的问题，即路况需要改进。由于。由于problem与同与同位语从句被其大量的修饰成分隔开来位语从句被其大量的修饰成分隔开来,增加了试题的难增加了试题的难度。度。 A1.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?
34、 A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put3. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that4. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done
35、the day before. A. that B. how C. where D. what5. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether6. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease. A. when B. how C. whether D. why7. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize i
36、n the match. A.There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether用关系词填空用关系词填空1.All of us wonder _ cleaned the classroom.2.The fact _ he didnt keep his promise made me very angry.3. _ he is right is certain.4.The truth is _ he has come back.5.He asked _ was the matter.6.I dont know _ or not the
37、 professor will give us a lecture.7. _ they went there that evening is not clearwhothat ThatthatwhatwhetherHow1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A .that what B. what that C .that D .whether3.They rece
38、ived orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 4.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge , I cant remember _ A. where B. there C. which D. thatCADA单项填空单项填空5.Energy is _ make things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything6.The reason _ I have to go is _ my m
39、other is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because7.He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important. A. whether B if C. which D. whyACA8.He often think of _ he can do more for his country. A. what B. how C. that D. which9.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go10. Air is to us _ water is to fish. A. is that B. what C. which D. thatBCB
