《积极心理学ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《积极心理学ppt课件.ppt（36页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、关于幸福心理的问题l人生的最终目的是什么？l什么是幸福？l你幸福吗？幸福水平可以测量吗？l为什么有的人幸福，有的人不幸福？l如何才能获得幸福？l2002年若贝尔经济学奖获得者关于“财富的极大化与幸福的极大化”的看法幸福的含义l哈佛大学现在最热的课程-积极心理学l哈佛大学最受欢迎的人生导师l塔勒本-沙哈尔l幸福=意义+快乐 Thinking about happinesslRemember, these studies are based on large numbers of people. lThe findings talk about general patterns.In genera
2、l, are people happy?lYes.l75% - 80% of people worldwide say theyre happy. lExcited, proud, pleased within the past week.Set point for happinessl幸福的调整点lMay be geneticl可能是遗传的lWithin 1 year of a very positive or very negative event, happiness returns to previous levels.l在一个非常积极或非常消极的事件之后，1年之内，幸福回到从前的状态
3、l残奥会的启示What is not associated with happiness?lAgelGenderlRacelWhy?Age & SWB in 16 Nations0102030405060708090100Percent satisfied with life15-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465+Age GroupReport of Satisfaction by Gender0102030405060708090100Mean % Reporting% Satisfied% Very HappyMenWomenWhat is not associated w
4、ith happiness?lEducation（教育程度） lLiving in a big city or small town l生活在大城市，还是在小镇上lPart of the country where you livelWhy?What is not associated with happiness?lWealth（财富）lWealthy countries are no happier than poor countries. l富国并不比穷国更幸福lWithin any country, people who are most wealthy are not any hap
5、pier than everyone else.l在任何国家，最富裕的人，不比任何其他人更幸福lWhy?Money does not buy happiness What is associated with happiness?lHigh self-esteeml高自尊 Why? How?l自尊是人格的基石lSense of control over life l对生活有控制感 Why? How?lOptimisml乐观主义 Why? How?What is associated with happiness?lExtraversionl外向性 Why? How?lHealth and Fi
6、tnessl健康与适应 Why? How?lMarital Statusl婚姻状态 Why? How?IS MARRIAGE BLISSImportance of familylRare person who, as his life draws to a close, wishes he had spent more time with at work.Question 1lHow do happy people behave? l幸福的人的行为举止是怎样的呢?lWhat do they do that makes them happy?l他们做了什么事，使得他们幸福呢？lTo answer
7、 that question, we can look at some recent research studies on happiness.Diener and Seligman, 2002lA comparison of happy people and unhappy people.l比较幸福的人与不幸福的人Diener and Seligman, 2002lParticipants reportedsatisfaction with life生活满意度Mood心境information about friendships有关友谊的资料personality traits人格特质Th
8、en the authors comparedl People with the highest happiness scores“very happy”andlPeople with the lowest happiness scores“unhappy”Results（结果）lVery happy people differed from unhappy people in a number of ways.l在许多方面，非常幸福的人不同于不幸福的人。Very happy peoplelHad strong and satisfying interpersonal relationship
9、s l拥有牢固和满意的人际关系lWere more extraverted and more agreeablel更外向，更爽快lNever reported feeling ecstatic or exuberantly happyl从未报告说感觉到狂喜或者幸福非凡Unhappy peoplelReported fewer close friends, fewer romantic relationships, and weaker family relationships. l报告较少的亲密朋友，较少的浪漫关系，以及较弱的家庭关系lReported more negative emotio
10、ns than very happy people.l与非常幸福的人相比，报告更多的负面情绪 Question 2lHow do happy people deal with rejection, or not getting what they want?l幸福的人如何处理拒绝呢？或者说，没有得到他们想要的东西时，他们怎样做的呢？Lyubomirsky and Ross, 1999The Dessert Studyl“甜点研究”lParticipants（被试）:Rated 10 desserts（评估10种甜点）Learned they would receive a dessert 得知
11、他们会收到一种甜点Rated the desserts again再次评估这些甜点ResultslHappy peoplerated the dessert they received highly对他们收到的甜点的评估非常高also agreed the desserts they had rated highly but had not received still sounded good也同意原来评估很高但没有收到的甜点还是非常不错ResultslUnhappy people also rated the dessert they received highly对他们收到的甜点的评估也
12、非常高But they insulted the desserts they were denied但是，他们蔑视他们得不到的甜点The College Studyl“大学研究”lHigh school seniors （高中毕业生）evaluated colleges（评价大学）after applying（在申请之后）again after learning which colleges accepted them and selecting which college they would ultimately attend. 在得知哪些大学已经接受他们，以及选好他们最后就读哪所大学之后
13、，再次评价Results-Happy studentslWere more satisfied than unhappy ones with the colleges they ultimately chose.l与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对他们最终选择的学校更满意Results-Happy studentslWere more satisfied than unhappy students with colleges that accepted them but that they ultimately chose not to attend.l与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对选择他们但
14、他们最终没有就读的学校更满意Results-Happy studentslHappy students sharply devalued the colleges that rejected them!l幸福的学生急剧贬低拒绝他们的大学ResultslUnhappy studentsWere less satisfied than happy students with the colleges they ultimately chose.与幸福的学生相比，不幸福的学生对最终选择的学校满意较少Were not as likely to devalue colleges that rejecte
15、d them.不太贬低拒绝他们的大学Desserts vs. collegelNot getting a dessert is a small instance of rejection.l没有得到一种甜点，是细小拒绝的场合lNot getting into college is a larger and more threatening instance of rejection. l没有进入大学，是较大拒绝和威胁性比较高的拒绝的场合Desserts vs. collegelSo it makes sense that people would behave differently in t
16、hese two situations.l因此，有意义的是，人在这两种场合下的行为方式有所不同lBeyond that, happy people and unhappy people behaved quite differently.l除此以外，幸福的人与不幸福 的人在行为举止上非常不同SummarylPurpose of positive psychology: to study happiness, strength and virtuel积极心理学的目的：研究幸福、力量和美德lWhat is not associated with happiness: demographic var
17、iables like gender, age, wealth and educationl与幸福不相关的东西：人口统计学变量，如性别、年龄、财富和教育程度SummarylWhat is associated with happiness: more internal variables such as self-esteem, sense of control, optimism, healthy relationshipsl与幸福相关的东西：更内在的变量，如自尊，控制感，乐观主义，健康的关系SummarylVarious research studies showHow very happy people differ from unhappy people in a variety of ways.在种种方面，幸福的人不同于不幸福 的人Happy and unhappy people deal with making choices and rejection differently幸福的人与不幸福的人，在处理决策和拒绝上，非常不同
