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1、知识点现在分词（短语）作状语现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】 现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。下面分述如下：现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】一、作时间状语如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。例如：Hearing this news, they were so happy.听到这个消息时，他们都很高兴。Walking sl
2、owly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the lion and fired. 他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。One day, while walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a mans foot. 有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。 现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。如
3、果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是“某人在做某事时就开始做某事”，容易产生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一般式。例如：现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】Having watered the flowers(After/When he had watered the flowers), he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后，开始割草。Having eaten his dinne
4、r, the boy rushed out. 那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。Hearing the footstep below(When he heard the footstep below), he rose and went to the top of the stairs. 听见下面脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口去。Seeing a large cake flying through the air, the driver pulled up quickly. 司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过，赶紧刹车。 现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】二、作方式状语现在分词作方式状语很容易与伴
5、随状语、同位语、定语相混淆。试分析下列句子：But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks. 但是以后，人们利用石块发展了印刷术。有人对该句using rocks提出了以下看法：1)把它视作相当于一个非限制性定语从句。2)把它视作a way of printing的同位语。3)把它视作状语，表示伴随情况或方式。现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】笔者赞成第三种看法，表示方式状语(但不是伴随状语)。因为句中using rocks表明人们用什么方法发明了一种印刷方法，是涉及到用how或by what means的回答问
6、题，所以，如果把句中using前的逗号去掉，改为by，则句意保持不变。又如：He earns a living by driving. 他靠开卡车谋生。They would be able to reply to our signals by using similar methods. 他们将能用同样的方法回答我们的信号。现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】三、作目的状语现在分词作目的状语表示目的，可转换为动词不定式。 Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling(to fool)round there no
7、more. 巴比跑到大门口去叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。 The six blind men stood there begging for a meal. (in order to beg for a meal)六个瞎子站在那儿要饭。现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】四、作结果状语现在分词作结果状语表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，中间有句号，可扩展为含并列谓语的简单句或并列句。 I thought he was making fun of me, and ran faster than ever, reaching(so that I reached)the school yard q
8、uite out of breath. 我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。 Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】五、作伴随状语伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。例如：He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。All night long he lay
9、awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】六、作原因状语现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize，fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语)，以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示原因。例如：Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因病呆在家中。Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. 由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。Not having done(As he has not done
10、)his homework, he stayed at home. 由于他没完成作业，只好呆在家里。 现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】七、作条件状语现在分词作条件状语，多置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。Taking(If you take)the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood. 如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】八、起补充说明作用现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似，但严格地说，它不是伴随状语，因为它所表达的情景
11、不与句子的动作相伴而产生，实际上，它起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁、明快。例如： My train leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten.and will arrive in Chicago at ten. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.and added that he had enjoyed his stay here. 现在分词（短语）作状语
12、【知识点解析知识点解析】现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况： 1分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。 此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作“一（刚）就”。 此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。如： Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils sto
13、pped talking at once.现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】= On hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.= When they heard their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。 2谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。 现在分词（短语）作状语【
14、知识点解析知识点解析】也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如： Dont be careless when /while having an exam. = Dont be careless in having an exam.= Dont be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。 注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。 现在分词（短语）作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】3分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式
15、。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。 这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。 这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如： Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play. =After having finished his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV play.=After /when he had finished his homework, the boy was allowed to wa
16、tch TV play. 现在分词（短语）作状语【典型例题典型例题】1. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷)A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted答案：A【解析】答案选A，此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. 现在分词（短语）
17、作状语【典型例题典型例题】2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷)A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching答案：B【解析】答案选B，此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US 现在分
18、词（短语）作状语【典型例题典型例题】3. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing答案：C【解析】现在分词作状语，表示和对应的谓语动词同时的动作或行为，是主动形式。不要坐在那里什么也不做。过来帮一下我。 现在分词（短语）作状语【典型例题典型例题】4. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring
19、D. had brought答案：B【解析】现在分词作状语，表示和对应的谓语动词同时的动作或行为，是主动形式。我的堂兄从乡下来看望我，带给我一篮子的水果。现在分词（短语）作状语【典型例题典型例题】5. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said答案：A【解析】现在分词作状语，表示和对应的谓语动词同时的动作或行为，是主动形式。现在分词（短语）作状语【典型例题典型例题】6. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought答案：A【解析】现在分词作状语，表示和对应的谓语动词同时的动作或行为，是主动形式。
