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1、多模式成像与治疗多模式成像与治疗 光热治疗光热治疗2013-11-01光热治疗光热治疗是治疗肿瘤的一种新技术，其过程是，首先肿瘤组织选择性摄取光敏剂，并储于其内，随后使用穿透性好的激光（通常使用近红外光），可穿透皮下深层组织，而且近红外波长范围是生物组织具有的光学窗口，是肌体组织的安全透射窗口，所以人体自身对近红外光的穿透能力较强，主要组成成分如水等对近红外光的吸收能力较差。由此，近红外光不会对周围正常组织和细胞产生影响，可直接应用于皮下深层组织（10cm左右）肿瘤的近红外光热疗，近红外光选择性照射肿瘤组织，其区域产生热量，温度升高，导致癌细胞死亡。因此，新型高效光热治疗的生物医学材料在肿瘤治
2、疗中具有重要意义。Photothermal therapy (PTT) is able to burn cancer through converting near-infrared (NIR) light energy into heat by using NIR-absorbing agents. Compared with traditional cancer treatment methods such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy,PTT is highly effective in tumor ablation and exhibits mini
3、mal damage to normal tissues.Imaging-guided therapy成像能提供有关肿瘤的位置，大小，形状等可用的信息，是保证整个肿瘤有效地暴露于光在PTT治疗中所必需的。为了达到最高的光热消融效果，必须使近红外激光照射时所适用的光热剂到达肿瘤中的积累量最高。实时跟踪的光热剂是达到最佳疗效的重要步骤。光热治疗的纳米材料分为三种光热治疗的纳米材料分为三种 ：1、传统的有机化合物，如吲哚菁绿，聚苯胺。缺点是低光热转换率和严重光漂白。2、碳纳米材料，如碳纳米管，石墨烯，还原性石墨烯。3、贵金属纳米材料，如gold nanoshells nanorods，nanocag
4、es，hollow nanospheres。Ultra-Small Iron Oxide Doped Polypyrrole Nanoparticles for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging Guided Photothermal TherapyXuejiao Song , Hua Gong , Shengnan Yin , Liang Cheng , Chao Wang , Zhiwei Li ,Yonggang Li , Xiaoyong Wang , Gang Liu , and Zhuang LiuAdv. Funct. Mater. 2013,DOI:10.1
5、002/adfm.201302463c) Growth of 4T1 tumors in different groups of mice after various treatments indicated. The relative tumor volumes were normalized to their initial sizes. For the treatment group, six mice injected with IONPPPy-PEG at 24 h post injection were exposed to the 808-nm laser The other t
6、hree groups of mice with six mice per group were used as controls: untreated; laser only;injected with IONPPPy-PEG but without laser irradiation. d) Survival curves of mice after various treatments indicated. IONPPPy-PEG injected mice after PTT treatment showed 100% survival ratio over 40 days.Folat
7、e-conjugated Fe3O4SiO2goldnanorodsmesoporous SiO2 hybrid nanomaterial: a theranostic agent for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapyJ. Mater. Chem. B, 2013, 1, 29342942Da-Wei Wang,ah Xiao-Ming Zhu, Siu-Fung Lee,a Ho-Man Chan, Hung-Wing Li,Siu Kai Kong,d Jimmy C. Yu,a Christopher H. K.
8、Cheng,*Yi-Xiang J. Wang* and Ken Cham-Fai Leung3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 Noble Metal Coated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Applications in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging andPhotothermal TherapyJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 74147422Xiaojing Wang, Chao Wang,Liang Cheng,Shuit-Tong Lee,and Zhuang Liu(cf
9、) Optical microscopy images of trypan blue stained KB cells after being incubated with SWNT-PEG (c), SWNT-PEG-FA (d), SWNT-Au-PEG (e), or SWNTAu-PEG-FA (f), and then exposed to the laser irradiation. The nanotube concentration was 5 nM in all above samples. (gj) Confocal fluorescence images of calce
10、in AM (green, live cells)/propidium iodide (red, dead cells) costained KB cells bearing the same PTT treatment as that inparts cf.Gadolinium-Conjugated Gold Nanoshells for Multimodal Diagnostic Imaging and Photothermal Cancer TherapyAndrew J. Coughlin , Jeyarama S. Ananta , Nanfu Deng , Irina V. Lar
11、ina ,Paolo Decuzzi , and Jennifer L. Westsmall 2013,DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302217Gold Nanocages: From Synthesis to Theranostic ApplicationsYOUNAN XIA,* WEIYANG LI, CLAIRE M. COBLEY, JINGYI CHEN,XIAOHU XIA, QIANG ZHANG, MIAOXIN YANG, EUN CHUL CHO,AND PAIGE K. BROWN 金纳米笼状颗粒的光吸收截面远大于传统的染料分子金纳米笼状颗粒的光吸收截面远
12、大于传统的染料分子的吸收截面的吸收截面, , 相比之下高了相比之下高了5 5 个数量级个数量级. . 同时同时, , 金纳米笼金纳米笼状颗粒的毒性相对较低状颗粒的毒性相对较低, , 颗粒表面容易被生物分子所修饰颗粒表面容易被生物分子所修饰, , 这些特殊的性质都使金纳米笼状颗粒在纳米医学研究上具这些特殊的性质都使金纳米笼状颗粒在纳米医学研究上具有广泛的应用前景。有广泛的应用前景。 金纳米笼状颗粒不但是良好的光学显像剂金纳米笼状颗粒不但是良好的光学显像剂, , 它还在癌它还在癌细胞的识别和光热疗方面有广阔的应用前景。表面被抗体细胞的识别和光热疗方面有广阔的应用前景。表面被抗体修饰的金纳米笼状颗粒
13、修饰的金纳米笼状颗粒(immunogold nanocages)(immunogold nanocages)能有效地能有效地识别并结合到癌细胞上识别并结合到癌细胞上. . 通过近红外激光对这些癌细胞的通过近红外激光对这些癌细胞的照射照射, , 金纳米笼状颗粒能有效地吸收光子金纳米笼状颗粒能有效地吸收光子, , 并把光能转化并把光能转化为热能使温度升高为热能使温度升高, , 从而把癌细胞杀死。从而把癌细胞杀死。小结：小结：光热治疗比之于化疗和放疗有很好的应用前景，而光热治疗中对于新型纳米材料的研究更为广泛，对纳米材料进行修饰，使其成为光敏剂，利用纳米的近红外吸收特性，将成像与治疗结合在一起，为医学上治疗癌症提供更有效的方法和途径。另外，作此方面的光热研究，对于纳米材料的修饰，必须考虑所选的试剂的毒副作用，将其减到最小。
