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1、Section Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Points重重 点点 难难 点点 探探 究究词汇精研词汇精研词汇精研词汇精研1. Nothing ventured,nothing gained.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。不入虎穴,焉得虎子。品味经典品味经典She hardly dared to venture an opinion.她几乎不敢亮明观点。她几乎不敢亮明观点。He ventured his life to rescue the drowning child.他冒着生命危险去抢救快要淹死的孩子。他冒着生命危险去抢救快要淹死的孩子。自我探究自我探究venture
2、vi.& vt.冒险冒险;敢于敢于。归纳拓展归纳拓展venture to do sth.小心地说,谨慎地做小心地说,谨慎地做venture sth.on sth.冒着冒着的危险的危险adventure n冒险,奇异的经历冒险,奇异的经历n.C(有风险的有风险的)商业,企业;冒险的行动商业,企业;冒险的行动He failed in his ventures.他投机失败。他投机失败。She is ready for any venture.她准备冒任何危险。她准备冒任何危险。易混辨析易混辨析 venture,risk(1)venture“冒险,敢于冒险,敢于”,后面接,后面接to do,指有风险等
3、的计划、事业。指有风险等的计划、事业。(2)risk“冒险冒险”,后面接,后面接doing。牛刀小试牛刀小试 完成句子完成句子(1)He_to save the child in the ruins.(risk)他冒牺牲生命的危险去救废墟中的孩子。他冒牺牲生命的危险去救废墟中的孩子。(2)Many people now_ the stock market.(venture)现在很多人冒险把钱投在股市上。现在很多人冒险把钱投在股市上。risked losing his lifeventure their money on2. Perce Blackborow joined an expediti
4、on with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in August 1914.1914年年8月,珀斯月,珀斯布莱克鲍罗参加了欧内斯布莱克鲍罗参加了欧内斯特特沙克尔顿爵士的沙克尔顿爵士的“特久号特久号”南极探险。南极探险。品味经典品味经典This event tests both physical and mental endurance.该项目是对体力也是对心理承受力的考验。该项目是对体力也是对心理承受力的考验。He showed remarkable power of endurance.他表现出十分突出的忍
5、耐力。他表现出十分突出的忍耐力。自我探究自我探究endurance n忍耐力忍耐力(本文指船名本文指船名“持久持久号号”)。归纳拓展归纳拓展past/beyond endurance 忍无可忍忍无可忍endurance test 耐力测试耐力测试endure vt.忍受;容忍;持久忍受;容忍;持久endurable adj.可忍受可忍受(容忍容忍)的的We endured many hardships during the war.我们在战时忍受了很多的苦难。我们在战时忍受了很多的苦难。牛刀小试牛刀小试 用用endurance的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)If help does not
6、come, we must_to the end.(2)The_peace shouldnt be broken by few countries.(3)Seeing animals cruelly treated is beyond_(4)What he said isnt_endureenduringenduranceendurable3. I feel breathless as I remember my rotten toes that had to be removed when they became blackened from frostbite.一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去
7、的腐烂的脚趾头,我就感到喘不过气来。(1)rotten品味经典品味经典The fruit is starting to go rotten.水果开始腐烂变质了。水果开始腐烂变质了。She is a rotten singer.她是一个蹩脚的歌手。她是一个蹩脚的歌手。The organization is rotten to the core.这个组织腐败透顶。这个组织腐败透顶。The mother spoils the children rotten.母亲非常溺爱孩子。母亲非常溺爱孩子。自我探究自我探究rotten adj.腐烂的腐烂的,非常糟糕的非常糟糕的,腐败的,非,腐败的,非常。常。归纳
8、拓展归纳拓展rot v.& n.腐烂;腐败变质;形势恶化腐烂;腐败变质;形势恶化,rot away烂掉烂掉Some apples rotted on the tree.有些苹果在树上就腐烂了。有些苹果在树上就腐烂了。牛刀小试牛刀小试(1)The window frame_.(rot)这个窗户框完全烂掉了。这个窗户框完全烂掉了。(2)Too much sugar will_(rot) 过多的过多的糖会使你的牙腐烂。糖会使你的牙腐烂。(3)Food_easily in summer.(go)食物在夏季容易腐烂。食物在夏季容易腐烂。has rotten away completelyrot your
9、 teethgoes rotten(2)blacken品味经典品味经典After a weeks use,the blackboard should be blackened.使用了一周后,黑板应该涂黑漆了。使用了一周后,黑板应该涂黑漆了。He blackened the wrong parts in his composition.他把作文中的错误部分涂黑了。他把作文中的错误部分涂黑了。自我探究自我探究blacken vt.变黑变黑;使变黑使变黑。归纳拓展归纳拓展en或或en与形容词或名词相结合后,原词就与形容词或名词相结合后,原词就由形容词或名词变成动词。由这种词缀构成由形容词或名词变成动
10、词。由这种词缀构成的动词还有:的动词还有:enrich使丰富使丰富 encourage鼓励鼓励strengthen加强加强 sharpen使锋利使锋利enlarge使扩大使扩大 endanger使处于危险使处于危险darken使黑使黑 widen加宽加宽牛刀小试牛刀小试(4)The road is so narrow,and it will _ this summer.(widen)这条路这么窄,今年夏天将被加宽。这条路这么窄,今年夏天将被加宽。be widened(5)_,his students devoted all of their time to study.(encourage)由
11、于被他的话所激励,同学们把所有的时间由于被他的话所激励,同学们把所有的时间都投入到学习之中。都投入到学习之中。(6)The power of the central government has been _(strengthen)中央政府的权力已进一步加强。中央政府的权力已进一步加强。Encouraged by his wordsfurther strengthened(7)That experience_ about history.(enlarge)那次经历拓宽了他们的历史知识。那次经历拓宽了他们的历史知识。4. Just as I am about to become selfpity
12、ing,the door to our shelter opens and a blast of cold air tears through the hut.正当我要自怜的时候,通往住处的门开了,正当我要自怜的时候,通往住处的门开了,一阵冷风穿过小屋。一阵冷风穿过小屋。enlarged their knowledge品味经典品味经典27 schoolchildren were injured in the last.27名学龄儿童在爆炸中受了伤。名学龄儿童在爆炸中受了伤。They had to blast a turnel through the mountain.他们得炸出一条穿山隧道。他
13、们得炸出一条穿山隧道。自我探究自我探究blast n一阵风一阵风,一股一股(气流气流) v炸毁炸毁,爆爆破破归纳拓展blast out突然响起blast off(火箭等)发射,升空at full blast(工作,活动)达到高潮at a blast一鼓作气地牛刀小试牛刀小试He liked the book so much that he read it_Aat a blastBat full blastCblast off Din blast解析:选解析:选A。at a blast一鼓作气地;一鼓作气地;at full blast 大规模地;大规模地;blast off(火箭等火箭等)发射,
14、升空,发射,升空,为动词,显然不对;为动词,显然不对;in blast 在鼓风,只有在鼓风,只有A符符合句意。合句意。5. As I think of this,a black blanket drops and covers me,almost blocking out the memories of happier times.正想到这儿,一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住正想到这儿,一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住了,几乎把美好时光的记忆都封闭住了。了,几乎把美好时光的记忆都封闭住了。品味经典品味经典As he was getting off the bus I saw him.正当他下公共汽车时,我看见
15、了他。正当他下公共汽车时,我看见了他。As we all know,black clouds can never block out the sun.众所周知,乌云永远遮不住太阳。众所周知,乌云永远遮不住太阳。自我探究自我探究block out 封闭封闭。归纳拓展归纳拓展block out a plan拟大纲,设计拟大纲,设计block up 阻碍;阻塞;堵塞阻碍;阻塞;堵塞I have blocked out a plan of the house but have given no details.我已画出房子的草图,但尚未标出细节。我已画出房子的草图,但尚未标出细节。 牛刀小试牛刀小试
16、翻译句子翻译句子(1)那位老人成了事故的受害者,并阻塞那位老人成了事故的受害者,并阻塞了交通。了交通。_ (2)他们把洪水挡在城市外面。他们把洪水挡在城市外面。_The old man became the victim ofthe accident and blocked the traffic.They blocked the flood out of their city.6. Calling us calmly together,he made an urgent announcement that we must save only essential supplies before
17、 the ship sank,.他镇静地把大家召集在一起,然后紧急宣布他镇静地把大家召集在一起,然后紧急宣布我们必须在船沉下去之前,我们必须在船沉下去之前,品味经典品味经典The problem requires urgent attention.这个问题需要紧急处理。这个问题需要紧急处理。The law is in urgent need of reform.这项法律亟待修订。这项法律亟待修订。自我探究自我探究urgent adj.紧急的紧急的,紧迫的紧迫的,迫切的迫切的。归纳拓展归纳拓展urgency n紧急;迫切;强求;催促紧急;迫切;强求;催促urge vt.推进;极力主张;强调;力劝
18、;激励推进;极力主张;强调;力劝;激励n冲动;热情;强烈;要求冲动;热情;强烈;要求urgethat.从句中用从句中用should动词原形,动词原形,should可省略可省略urge.on/upon力劝力劝urge宾语宾语(not)to do力劝力劝/怂恿怂恿做做(不不做做)某事某事urge sb.into doing sth.力劝力劝/怂恿某人做某怂恿某人做某事事She urged that I(should)apologize to him.他主张我应该向他道歉。他主张我应该向他道歉。He urged his horse on.他策马前进。他策马前进。牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子The
19、 teacher often urges_(study)老师经常激励他的学生更加努力学习。老师经常激励他的学生更加努力学习。his students (should) study harder7. He was always honest with us(as in the advertisement)and never gave way to disappointment,even when the ship sank.他对我们总是坦诚相待他对我们总是坦诚相待(就像广告中那样就像广告中那样),他,他从不灰心丧气,从不放弃,甚至当轮船沉下从不灰心丧气,从不放弃,甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。去时
20、也是如此。品味经典品味经典Its her mothers fault for giving way to her too often.过于经常顺从她是她母亲的过错。过于经常顺从她是她母亲的过错。John gave way to the old lady and let her pass.约翰给老太太让路让她通过。约翰给老太太让路让她通过。As winter gave way to spring,the days began to lengthen.冬天过去,春天来到,白天越来越长了。冬天过去,春天来到,白天越来越长了。自我探究自我探究give way to妥协妥协,屈服屈服;让位让位,让路让路
21、;转为。;转为。归纳拓展归纳拓展give away 泄漏泄漏give back 归还归还give in 投降投降give off放出,散发出放出,散发出give out 分布;散发分布;散发give up 放弃放弃Trees give off large quantities of water and serve as cooling agents.树木释放出大量的水分,可以起到降温的作树木释放出大量的水分,可以起到降温的作用。用。 牛刀小试牛刀小试 完成句子完成句子(1)He refused_ on any of the points.(way)他拒绝在任何一点上让步。他拒绝在任何一点上让步
22、。 翻译句子翻译句子(2)暴风雨过后阳光灿烂。暴风雨过后阳光灿烂。_to give wayThe storm gave way to bright sunshine.8. We who remained on Elephant Lsland swore that we would do as he advocated:remain optimistic and recover our health before he returned to rescue us.我们这些留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主我们这些留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主张的那样做:在他返回来救我们之前要保持张的那样做:在他返回
23、来救我们之前要保持乐观、恢复健康。乐观、恢复健康。品味经典品味经典I swear I wont tell anyone your secret.我发誓不把你的秘密告诉任何人。我发誓不把你的秘密告诉任何人。He swore to speak the truth.他发誓要讲实话。他发誓要讲实话。自我探究自我探究swear vt.意为意为“宣誓宣誓,发誓发誓”,过去式为,过去式为swore;过去分词为;过去分词为sworn。归纳拓展归纳拓展She swore that she had never seen him.她肯定地说,她从未见过他。她肯定地说,她从未见过他。She made him swea
24、r not to tell anyone.她要他发誓不告诉任何人。她要他发誓不告诉任何人。牛刀小试牛刀小试 完成句子完成句子(1)Obama_ in January 2009.(swear)2009年年1月奥巴马宣誓就职。月奥巴马宣誓就职。(2)Ive decided to_(smoke) 我我已决定宣布戒烟。已决定宣布戒烟。(3)Mind your language!Dont _(swear) 注意你的言谈!不要骂我。注意你的言谈!不要骂我。was sworn into officeswear off smokingswear at me句型巧析句型巧析句型巧析句型巧析9. I believ
25、e Shackleton must have mourned this unexpected end to his expedition,but he did not waste time on regrets.我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心,但他并没有把时间浪费在遗的结局而痛心,但他并没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。憾和悔恨中。 品味经典品味经典I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我肯定睡着了。我刚才没有听到电话,我肯定睡着了。He must have att
26、ended the party last night.他昨天晚上一定参加了晚会。他昨天晚上一定参加了晚会。It must have rained last night,for the road is all wet.昨晚一定下过雨,因为道路都是湿的。昨晚一定下过雨,因为道路都是湿的。自我探究自我探究must have done表示对过去动作的表示对过去动作的肯定推测肯定推测,意为意为“一定做了一定做了”,只能用于只能用于肯定肯定句中句中.归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)may/might have done表示对已发生的动表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,m
27、ight比比may语气弱。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否语气弱。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句。定句。(2)can/could have done表示对过去某种情表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定,一般用于否定句和疑问况的怀疑或不确定,一般用于否定句和疑问句,句,could比比can语气弱。语气弱。could have done还可表示过去本来可以做的事而没做。还可表示过去本来可以做的事而没做。(3)ought to/should have done表示过去本应表示过去本应该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不应该该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不应该做某事但做了。这种句式含有不满或责备之做某事但做了。
28、这种句式含有不满或责备之意其中意其中ought to的语气比的语气比should强。强。(4)neednt have done表示过去做了不必做表示过去做了不必做的事情。的事情。You might have read about it in the papers.你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。You could have stayed with me when you were in this city on business.在这个城市出差时你本可以和我住在一起在这个城市出差时你本可以和我住在一起的。的。He oughtnt to/shouldnt have
29、 done that.他本来就不该做那件事。他本来就不该做那件事。You neednt have told them again.I have told them already.你当时没必要再告诉他们了。我已经告诉过你当时没必要再告诉他们了。我已经告诉过他们了。他们了。牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)They_ it before hand.(may)他们预先可能不知道此事。他们预先可能不知道此事。(2)He_ home.(take)他不可能把它带回家。他不可能把它带回家。may not have knowncant have taken it(3)You_ harder.(study
30、)你本应该更加努力学习。你本应该更加努力学习。(4)I_ the umbrella,for the weather is fine.(need)我没必要带伞,因为天气晴朗。我没必要带伞,因为天气晴朗。ought to/should have studiedneednt have taken10. Calling us calml together,he made an urgent announcement that we must save only essential supplies before the ship sank,particularly the small boats,fo
31、od,cooking equipment,candles,bedding and clothes.他镇静地把大家召集在一起他镇静地把大家召集在一起,然后紧急宣布我然后紧急宣布我们必须在船沉下去之前们必须在船沉下去之前,只抢救出基本给养只抢救出基本给养,尤尤其是小船、食物、炊具、卧具和衣服。其是小船、食物、炊具、卧具和衣服。(1)Calling us calmly together品味经典品味经典Working hard,you will surely succeed.努力工作,你一定会成功的。努力工作,你一定会成功的。Not knowing his address.I cant write t
32、o him.由于不知道他的地址,我无法给他写信。由于不知道他的地址,我无法给他写信。His grandma died,leaving him a lot of money.他的奶奶去世了,留给他很多钱。他的奶奶去世了,留给他很多钱。They were walking in the woods,singing happily.他们一边在林中散步,一边欢快地唱歌。他们一边在林中散步,一边欢快地唱歌。He sat there doing nothing.他坐在那儿无所事事。他坐在那儿无所事事。Having failed many times,he didnt lose heart.他虽然屡次失败,但
33、没有灰心丧气。他虽然屡次失败,但没有灰心丧气。Please answer the question using another way.请换一种方法回答这个问题。请换一种方法回答这个问题。自我探究自我探究现在分词现在分词(短语短语)作状语可以表示作状语可以表示时间时间、条件、条件、原因、原因、结果结果、伴随伴随、让步让步以及方式等。以及方式等。牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子(1)“You cant catch me!”Tom shouted,_(run)“你逮不到我!你逮不到我!”汤姆大喊着,跑开了。汤姆大喊着,跑开了。running away(2)_heart trouble for ye
34、ars,Mr.White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(suffer)由于多年患有心脏病,怀特先生无论走到哪由于多年患有心脏病,怀特先生无论走到哪里都随身带着药。里都随身带着药。Having suffered from(2)announcement that.品味经典品味经典We were very excited at the news that our team had won.听到我们队获胜的消息我们都很兴奋。听到我们队获胜的消息我们都很兴奋。The possibility that there will be
35、an earthquake terrifies many people.可能发生地震让很多人很恐慌。可能发生地震让很多人很恐慌。I have no idea when the film will begin.我不知道电影何时开始。我不知道电影何时开始。自我探究自我探究在该句中在该句中that we must save only essential supplies before the ship sank,particularly the small boats,food,cooking equipment,candles,bedding and clothes为为that引导的引导的同位语从
36、句同位语从句,作,作announcement的的同位语同位语。归纳拓展归纳拓展同位语从句一般跟在某些名词同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如如fact,idea,news,promise等等)的后面,用以说明或解的后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词,引导同位语从句的词有连词释前面的名词,引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词,连接副词how,when,where等。等。 牛刀小试牛刀小试(3)_Ding Junhui won the UK Championship isnt surprising because he has the talent for snooker.(that)丁俊晖赢得英国锦
37、标赛冠军的消息不足为丁俊晖赢得英国锦标赛冠军的消息不足为奇,因为他有打台球的天赋。奇,因为他有打台球的天赋。The news that11. A spider was making its web while Robert the Bruce was watching it in a cave.罗伯特罗伯特布鲁斯正在一个山洞里观看蜘蛛织布鲁斯正在一个山洞里观看蜘蛛织网。网。品味经典品味经典While she was listening to the radio,she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。她听着收音机睡着了。Some people waste food while ot
38、hers havent enough to eat.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。You dont have to worry while we are here.只要我们在,你就别担心。只要我们在,你就别担心。自我探究自我探究while然而然而,在在期间期间。归纳拓展归纳拓展while n一会儿一会儿while从属连词虽然从属连词虽然但是,只要但是,只要while并
39、列连词,而,表对比并列连词,而,表对比易混辨析易混辨析 though,however,but,while(1)从词义上看,四个词相近,均表示转折,从词义上看,四个词相近,均表示转折,其中其中but语气强烈,意为语气强烈,意为“但是但是”。(2)从词性上看,从词性上看,however和和though用作副词,用作副词,当当“然而,可是然而,可是”讲,而讲,而but和和while用作连用作连词用于连接并列分句。词用于连接并列分句。(3)从句子位置看,从句子位置看,but与与while一般位于两一般位于两个分句之间个分句之间;however位置灵活,可位于句位置灵活,可位于句首、句中和句尾,而且用逗
40、号与句子分开;首、句中和句尾,而且用逗号与句子分开;though一般置于句末。一般置于句末。We love peace,but we arent afraid of war.我们热爱和平,但并不害怕战争。我们热爱和平,但并不害怕战争。The plan is all right;however,it can be made better.这个计划不错,不过应该还可以更好。这个计划不错,不过应该还可以更好。Im interested in sports while my brother is fond of music.我对体育感兴趣,我对体育感兴趣,而我弟弟却爱好音乐。而我弟弟却爱好音乐。It
41、is expensive.Ill buy one though.(那东西那东西)很贵,然而我打算买一个。很贵,然而我打算买一个。牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子Schools in the south tend to be better equipped,_ are relatively poor.(while)南方的学校趋向于较好的设备而北方的学南方的学校趋向于较好的设备而北方的学校设备则相对简陋。校设备则相对简陋。while those in the north12. So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that
42、 I read this advertisement:于是在于是在1914年年7月的一个早晨,我极其兴奋月的一个早晨,我极其兴奋地读了以下这则广告:地读了以下这则广告:品味经典品味经典Was it Tom that came to see me yesterday when I was out?昨天我不在家时,来找我的是汤姆吗?昨天我不在家时,来找我的是汤姆吗?How was it that the little girl got in touch with her father?这个小女孩是怎样和她爸爸取得联系的?这个小女孩是怎样和她爸爸取得联系的?It was not until 11 o
43、clock that her husband came back last night.昨天晚上她丈夫直到昨天晚上她丈夫直到11点才回家。点才回家。It was what the headmaster said at the meeting that really surprised us.正是校长在会上所说的使我们很吃惊。正是校长在会上所说的使我们很吃惊。自我探究自我探究强调句型的基本形式是:强调句型的基本形式是:“It is/was被强被强调部分调部分that/who剩余部分剩余部分”,此句式经,此句式经常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语,不可常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语,不可强调表语和
44、谓语。强调表语和谓语。归纳拓展归纳拓展强调句的其他几种特殊句式:强调句的其他几种特殊句式:(1)强调句的一般疑问句:把强调句的一般疑问句:把is/was提到句首。提到句首。(2)强调句的特殊疑问句:强调句的特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分?其他部分?(3)not.until.的强调句结构:的强调句结构:It is /was not until.that.牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子完成句子David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature_(that)大卫说正是因为他对文学极为感兴趣,他才大卫说正是因为他对文学极为感兴趣,他才会选择这门课程。会选择这门课程。that he chose the course