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1、专项九情态动词和虚拟语气专项九情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词的基本用法1表能力can(could)(1)能、会(表示能力)(2013江西卷)When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.答案could句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我什么时候想看电视就可以看。根据题干中的whenever I wanted to可知,此空应填could,表示一般的能力,指想做就能做到。Part 规律印证 考 点 落 实 , 步 步 为 “ 赢 ” 边 做 边 悟(2013湖南卷)He _ sleep, although he tried to, when
2、 he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.答案couldnt句意:尽管他想睡,但仍睡不着,(因为)当时他拼命想着一个主意,一直到想出来为止他才睡去。此处couldnt表示“不可能”,符合句意。注意:be able to强调经过努力、克服困难等完成某事;was/were able to表示过去经过努力成功地做成了某事;could表示原来具备某种能力,现在没有这种能力了。(2)能够、可以(表示可能、许可)May I use your telephone?Yes,you can.注意:此时,can可以表示理论上的或逻辑上的,或
3、偶尔发生的事情,或一时的事情或特有的事情。It can be windy on the top of the mountain./ She can be forgettable sometimes./ Tigers can be dangerous.(3)能不能,要不要。(用于疑问句,表示客气的请求、提议)Can you give me a lift to the station?Cant you lend me 10 dollars?请你借给我10美元吧?Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the mon
4、ey.答案can句意:如果我能弄到钱,我就和John一起去欧洲度假。结合前后部分的内容可知,此处表示的是能力。故用can“能,会”。 2表请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止、义务、责任The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol.答案mustnt句意:新法律声明人们不准酒后驾车。mustnt“不准”,表示禁止。One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.答案shall句意:我们的一条规定是学生在校时都必须要穿
5、校服。shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.答案must句意:医生说,锻炼对于健康很重要,但是必须是有规律的锻炼。情态动词must表示“必须”,符合语意。What do you mean, there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.答案should句意:你说的是什么意思?只有10张票吗?本来应该有12张票的。情态动词should表示“应该”,符合句意。3表必要
6、性I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.答案neednt句意:我不需要用闹钟叫我起床,因为每天早上六点都会有一列火车经过我家门口。应选“不需要”,即neednt。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _ , in case he comes late for the meeting.答案must 依据 in case he comes
7、late for the meeting 可知,这里用 must 表示“必须”,强调提醒时间安排的变化的“必要性”。4表意愿、决心will/would可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式wont通常用于有生命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时把无生命体拟人化了。(2013新课标全国卷)The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed.答案wouldnt句意:无论她怎么努力去推,这扇门就是打不开。情态动词will表示事物的倾向和特性,意为“总是,会”。因后半句用的是一般过去时,因此空处应用will的过去式would。Days
8、 later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.答案wouldnt句意:几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切都好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。二、情态动词表推测1情态动词表推测的三种句式 (1)在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)。(2013重庆卷)What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert.答案might由答语中的“Im not
9、sure”可知,答话人对自己的安排还不能确定,因此用might,表示“可能,或许”。(北京卷)Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning.You _ be Mrs.Peters.答案must第一句说明和史密斯女士约定,所以秘书判断一定是。must在此表示推测,意为“一定”,符合语境。 (2)否定句中用cant/couldnt(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 (福建高考)It is usually warm in my
10、hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。(2013安徽卷)It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.答案couldnt句意:你练习题中的问题不可能是词汇量的原因,因为你掌握了大量的词汇。(3)疑问句中用can/could (能)。It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six ocl
11、ock.答案cant句意:门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。 对现在的否定推测,由Its only six oclock.分析可知应用cant(不可能)。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?注意:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。 2.情态动词表推测的过去时态 (2013辽宁卷)Harry is feeling un
12、comfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.答案must have drunk根据空后面的last night可知,哈利喝酒一事是过去的事情,结合语境可知此处表示对过去的事情的肯定推测,应该用must have done结构。(2013四川卷)Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.答案cant句意:“你的眼睛为什么这么红?昨晚你不可能睡好觉。”“是的,我熬夜写了一篇报告。”cant
13、 have done表示对过去事情的推测,表示“不可能做过某事”。三、虚拟语气1在虚拟条件句中的应用(2013重庆卷)It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _(have not)答案hadnt此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,故从句谓语动词用had done形式。从句补充完整为“if we hadnt taken an umbrella”。(2013福建卷)Do you think George has passed th
14、e driving test?No.If so, he _ (drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案would have driven句意:“你认为乔治通过驾照考试了吗?”“没有。如果通过的话,昨天他就会开车来我们大学了。”结合语境可知,此处是对过去事实相反的虚拟,主句应用would/should/might/could have done结构。2混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。(2013北京卷)If we _ (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt
15、 be standing here in a queue.答案had booked句意:如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌,(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气,从句是对过去情况的假设,主句是对现在情况的虚拟,故从句用过去完成时。(2013天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ (be) able to speak it much better now.答案would be句意:如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话,他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气,根据语境和时间
16、状语可知,从句是对过去情况的虚拟,主句是对现在情况的虚拟。3含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达,而是用but for,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示条件。But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助,那将会导致巨大的损失。Without electricity(If there were no electricity),life would be quite different today.如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而
17、引出后文的虚拟语气。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。4名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)在名词性从句中,常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气,形式为:(should)动词原形。(2013浙江卷)Eye doctors recomme
18、nd that a childs first eye exam _ (be) at the age of six months old.答案be此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,根据语法规则可知,从句中谓语动词应用“should动词原形”,其中should可以省略。(2)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (北京卷)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ (be not) always late.答案werent根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里?” 可
19、知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式,表示与现在事实相反的愿望。5其他句型中的虚拟语气(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。(江苏高考) 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况,但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture.(2)在句型“It is (high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should动词原
20、形”,意为“该是的时候了”。Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _ (do) something instead of just talking.答案did在句型 “Its high time that.”中, 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do。(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“if only”引导的感叹句中,要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 If only I had not been ill las
21、t week!要是上周我没病该多好啊!1【误】 The streets are all dry;it mustnt have rained last night.【正】 The streets are all dry;it cant have rained last night.解析对某一事实的否定推测不能用mustnt,而要用 cant 或 couldnt 表示“不可能”。考 点 警 示2【误】 I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She might be ill,I guess.【正】 I didnt see Mary at the meet
22、ing yesterday.She might have been ill,I guess.解析猜测的事情发生在昨天,因此要用“情态动词 have done ”的形式。当动词是 be 时,很容易忽略它的时态意义,要特别留意。3【误】 He must be very friendly at times.【正】 He can be very friendly at times.解析句意:他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测 ,而是一种理论上的可能性,因此用 can 。4【误】 I cant find my keys.I may/might forget them on the play
23、ground yesterday.【正】 I cant find my keys.I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.解析表示对过去情况的推测,通常用 must/may/might have done sth 。另外,表示“把落在某地”应用动词leave 。5【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly,but everyone could get out.【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly,but everyone w
24、as able to get out.解析表示成功地做到了某事,肯定句中通常用 be able to do sth 。6【误】 Will I open the window for you?【正】 Shall I open the window for you?解析shall 与第一、第三人称连用,表示征求意见或请求指示,这时不可用will 。will通常与第二人称连用,即 Will you.?7【误】 The plant is dead.Maybe I should give more water.【正】 The plant is dead.Maybe I should have given
25、 more water.解析根据第一句可知,植物已经死亡,所以应该是自责:本应该多浇些水的。要用 should have done 形式表示“本应该做而未做”。8【误】 Hadnt they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】 If they had not saved us,we would have been drowned in the stormy riv
26、er.解析当条件中含有 were,had,should 等时,可省略if,从而把 were,had ,should 提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句,则只把were,had,should 提前,not 仍放在主语之后。情态动词的偏义用法(2013天津卷)No one _ be more generous;he has a heart of gold.答案could句意:没有人比他更慷慨;他有一颗金子般的心。could“可能”,用在否定句中表示推测。I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.答案cant句意:当我们不在家时,你对我儿子的帮助,我对你怎样感谢也不过分。cant.too much 表示“怎样也不过分”。易 错 防 范 _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry sir, but its urgent.答案Must句意:“你偏要现在打扰我吗?难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗?”“对不起,先生,但是情况太紧急了。”must表示“偏要,硬要”。