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1、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种六种基本句型及其基本句型及其扩大扩大、组合、省略或倒装组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型，掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语基本句型列式如下：英语基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四基本句型四： + + +IO+IO+（主谓间宾直（主谓间宾直（主谓间宾直（主谓间宾直 宾）宾）宾）宾）基本句型五：基本句型五： + + + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）（
2、主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型六六：TherebeTherebe句式句式句式句式基本句型基本句型 一一 +（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物（不及物动词动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. An accident5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.Theyflies. ros
3、e. cooked. happened.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday have gone常用不及物动词有常用不及物动词有:appear(出现出现), apologize(道歉道歉), arrive, agree, arise(发生发生), belong(属于属于), come, die, disappear(消失消失), exist(存在存在), fall,go, happen, hurry, listen, look , occur(发生发生), rise(升起升起), sit, sail(航行航行), suc
4、ceed 词组有词组有:take place, run out, break out基本句型 二 + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类。这类动词叫做连系动词。动词叫做连系动词。（是系（是系动词动词）(表表语语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7.
5、 The weather 8. His face 9. This is smellsfelt looks is is becameturned is an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. what I like. 基本句型基本句型三三 + +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的
6、承受必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫。这类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。（实义动词实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He 9. Iknows lovesunderstands made ate likes want said regrettedthe answer? him. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. having done that. 基本
7、句型基本句型 四四 + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(一般指物一般指物)，另一个是动作的间接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者(通常指人通常指人)。 eg: give sb. sth.give sth. to sb. make sb. sth.make sth. for sb.（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. She 4.
8、 He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told told himher me you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. v可以带双宾语的动词：v买卖关系： buy pay cost v给予关系：give grant pass offer bring sendv借还关系
9、：lend return owe v说服关系：tell persuadev其他关系：wish name make call 基本句型基本句型五五 + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾加上一个补充成分来补足宾语语，才能使意思完整。，才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物） （宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I ke
10、ep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.六六基本句型基本句型There be 句式v构成： There be .句型表示“某处有（存在）某人或某事物”，其结构为 There be( is are was were )+名词+地点状语vThere are fifty-two students in
11、our class.vThere is a pencil in my pencil-case.一、There be 结构中的主谓一致v1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is” “was”。例如：vThere is a basketball in the box. vThere is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如 vThere were many people in the street yester
12、day. 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如: There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf .2. There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时 havehas + pp. 、used to结构等连用.vThere must be a pen in the box.vTh
13、ere is going to be a meeting tonight.vThere has been a big tree on the top of the hill.vThere used to be a hospital there before the war. There be句型和havehas的区别： vThere be句型表示 “存在有”, havehas表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：v桌子上有三本书. vThere are three books on the desk.v我有三本书.v I have three books.vv1.They work
14、 hard.1.They work hard. 主主主主 +谓谓谓谓vv2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is dead. 主主主主 +系系系系 +表表表表vv3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water. 主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +宾宾宾宾vv4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds. 主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +直宾直宾直宾直宾 +简宾简宾简宾简宾vv5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the
15、 plants in the shade. 主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +宾宾宾宾 +宾补宾补宾补宾补vv6.6.His face turned red.His face turned red. 主主主主 +系系系系 +表表表表v7. There was a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night. There be There be 句式句式v8. She seems kind.主主+系系+表表v9. We found her in tears.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补v10. I assure you that this medicine w
16、ill help you.主主+谓谓+间间宾宾+直直宾宾v11. He has refused to help them.主主+谓谓+宾宾v12. They encouraged her to try again.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补v13. He admits that he was mistaken.主主+谓谓+宾宾v14. The pen writes smoothly.主主+谓谓+状状v15. The dinner smells good.主主+系系+表表5Analyzethefollowingsentencestoseewhichpatterntheybelongto.1) B
17、oth men speak loudly and clearly.2) An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake.3) My e-mail address is .4) They will just wave goodbye to the whole group.5) Our department head will give a dinner to welcome you.6) You could simply call me Wang.7) In her bag there is a passport and a
18、 pen.There be句式句式主主+ +谓谓+ +状状主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾主主+ +系系+ +表表主主+ +谓谓+ +直宾直宾+ +间宾间宾主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾+ +状状主主+ +谓谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补宾补BackWriteandApplyRulesWriteandCorrectMistakes6Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.1)Themanagerforthempreparessomebeautifulgifts.2)Couldyoutelltomesomethingabouttheirculturalbackground?3)
19、Mr.Wanghasleftintheirmindadeepimpression.4)Dotheyalwayswavetoyougoodbyeinaninformalway?5)Therearealwayssomepeopletalkhappilyinthepark.The manager prepares some beautiful gifts for them.Could you tell me something about their cultural background?Mr. Wang has left a deep impression upon their minds.Do
20、 they always wave goodbye to you in an informal way?/Do they always wave you goodbye in an informal way?There are always some people talking happily in the park.6)Therehassomewaterintheglass.7)OnthedoorhasabigredChineseword“Happiness”.8)Thegirllookedthesmallanimalwithpleasure.9)Hegavetohersomelovely
21、flowers.10)Thestreetsalwayshavemanycarsrunnowadays.There is some water in the glass.On the door there is a big red Chinese word “Happiness”. / There is a big red Chinese word “Happiness” on the door. / On the door is a big red Chinese word “Happiness”. The girl looked at the small animal with pleasu
22、re.He gave her some lovely flowers. / He gave some lovely flowers to her.There are always many cars running in the streets nowadays.BackWe often prepare some Chinese food for our foreign friends.Can you give me some help? / Can you do me a favor?Lets reserve for him a quiet room in the hotel.Li Li t
23、eaches Mr. Green Chinese every morning.Please call me David.Do you often send e-mails to your parents?There are quite a few new words in this text.7TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteandTranslate1)1)我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。2) 2) 你能给我帮个忙吗？你能给我帮个忙吗？3) 3) 我们替他在这个旅馆预订一个比较安静的房间吧。我们替他在这个旅馆预订一个比较安静的房间吧。4) 4) 李丽每天早晨教格林先生学习中文。李丽每天早晨教格林先生学习中文。5) 5) 请叫我大卫好了。请叫我大卫好了。6) 6) 你经常给父母发电子邮件吗？你经常给父母发电子邮件吗？7) 7) 这篇课文中有不少生词。这篇课文中有不少生词。Back
