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1、US Lighting Markets美国照明市场美国照明市场1学习研究Market Segments市场细分市场细分Residential 家居照明Retail/Commercial 零售展示照明/商业照明Outdoor 室外照明Street/Roadway 道路照明Industrial 工业照明Architectural 建筑照明2学习研究Residential Lighting家居照明家居照明Historically based on Incandescent (2700K) and Halogen (3000K) technologies both are high CRI (98-1
2、00) 过去基本上是使用白炽灯(2700K) 和卤素灯(3000K)的技术这两种灯的显色指数都很高CRI (98-100)Fluorescent technology historically limited to 1.2m tubes in troffers 过去日光灯技术只限于灯槽中1.2米的灯管Compact Fluorescent lamp adoption plagued with many difficulties (CCT, CRI, cost, lifetime) recent increases due to improved performance and cost 紧凑型
3、日光灯有许多缺点(CCT, CRI, 成本, 使用寿命)由于性能和成本得到优化，最近紧凑型日光灯有所增加 Recent increase in use of recessed can lights 最近增加了暗装的筒灯3学习研究A19 Lamps (omni-directional全向型全向型) Incandescent 白炽灯白炽灯Highest volume light sold in US market 在美国市场上销量最大的灯Excellent source of uniform illumination (wide beam angle) 均匀照明，优质光源（宽光束角）Very lo
4、w cost 低成本Easy to dim 容易调光Compact Fluorescent 紧凑型荧光灯紧凑型荧光灯Initially slow adoption rate 最初的使用率较低Poor light quality (wrong CCT, low CRI) 光源质量差（CRI低，CCT失常）Uncertain lifetime 使用寿命不确定Newer (improved) versions gaining market share 改善后的新版本灯占有市场份额Dimmer compatibility difficult 调光器兼容困难4学习研究A19 Replacement Re
5、quirements A19替换要求替换要求CCT = 2700K - 3000KCRI 80Dimmable可调光Longer lifetime expected 预计使用寿命延长Customers see claims up to 50,000 hours 顾客可见标称5万小时Typical residential A19 used 3-4 hours/day 50,000 hours implies 34+ year lifetime 典型的A19住宅使用每天3-4小时 5万小时意味着大于34年的使用寿命。Payback from energy savings should be 2 y
6、ears节约能源的投资回收期应该是609学习研究Focused Replacement Requirements射灯替换要求射灯替换要求CCT = 2700K - 3000KCRI 80Dimmable/Non-Dimmable调光/不可调光Uniform color 颜色均匀200 1500 lumensMajority of indoor installations will be can type fixtures (thermal management)大部分室内安装都是灯筒类型的灯具（考虑到散热）Payback from energy savings should be 2 year
7、s节约能源的投资回收期应该是2年10学习研究Focused Lamp Applications射灯应用射灯应用Security Light安全灯 Gimbal Light 射灯Landscape Light 景观灯Track Lights 轨道灯Recessed Light 筒灯Recessed Light 筒灯11学习研究Directional Lamps定向型灯定向型灯BR lamps (BR = Bulged Reflector凸面反射灯泡)Beam angle = 80-120Almost exclusively used in recessed cans几乎都用在嵌入式灯筒中G la
8、mps (G = Globe) 球泡灯G25 is by far the most common目前G25是最常见的球泡灯Clear version typically used in hanging fixtures 透明的灯多数用在吊灯上Frosted version used for accent lighting雾状的多数用在局部照明上BR3012学习研究Directional Replacement Requirements定向型灯的替换要求定向型灯的替换要求CCT = 2700K - 3000KCRI 80Dimmable/Non-Dimmable 调光/不调光Uniform co
9、lor 颜色均匀200 600 lumensPayback from energy savings should be 2 years 节约能源的投资回收期应该是2年。13学习研究Directional Lamp Applications定向型灯的应用定向型灯的应用筒灯Can Light加强灯（浴室镜子）Accent Light (bathroom mirror)嵌入式灯筒Recessed Can吊灯Hanging Light14学习研究Retail/Commercial Lighting零售零售/商业照明商业照明Retail lighting dominated by a single re
10、quirement: SHOW OFF PRODUCT 零售照明只有一个目的：展示商品展示商品Linear lights (shelf) & spot lights 线槽灯（货架）&射灯CCT variable 色温可变CRI 80Commercial lighting requirements vary based on working conditions 商业照明根据工作条件对灯具要求也不同Office: Uniform light, adequate contrast 办公室：灯光要均匀，适当的对比CCT = 4000KCRI 8015学习研究Retail Lighting Examp
11、les 零售展示照明的例子零售展示照明的例子Product (shelf) lighting 100% LED 商品（货架）照明100%LED16学习研究Retail Lighting Examples零售展示照明的例子零售展示照明的例子17学习研究Retail Lighting Examples零售展示照明例子零售展示照明例子18学习研究Retail Lighting Examples零售展示照明零售展示照明Linear: show product, not the lights 线槽灯：展示商品，而不是展示灯19学习研究Retail Lighting Examples零售展示照明零售展示照
12、明Retail linear lights are not tube lights : usually remote (constant voltage driver)Current regulation at light level allows daisy chain installation 零售商店的线槽灯不是管灯：通常是采用远程（恒压电源）电流调节，允许并联安装20学习研究Retail Focused Lamps零售射灯零售射灯Gimbal Light 射灯轨道灯Track Lights筒灯Recessed LightSimilar to residential, but CCT =
13、 4000K is common 跟家居照明相似，但普遍来说CCT=4000KSpecial applications may require different CCT 特殊的应用要求的CCT也会不同Jewelry is usually higher CCT (hides yellowness in diamonds) 珠宝照明通常要有更高的CCT（隐藏了钻石的黄色）Produce/vegetables usually lower CCT (better appearance apples, oranges, tomatoes, etc.) 农产品/蔬菜类，CCT通常较低（为了更好的展现苹果
14、、橙子、西红柿蔬果类的红黄绿颜色）21学习研究Commercial (Office)商业（办公室）商业（办公室）Office environment dominated by troffer installations办公室照明皆是采用灯槽装置Office ceilings are based on 2x4 and 2x2 grid systems2x4 and 2x2 troffers are most common sizes办公室天花板基本上是2x4 和2x2 网格状形式，2x4 和2x2是最常见的灯槽尺寸。 22学习研究Commercial Specifications 商业照明技术说
15、明商业照明技术说明Important to understand customer expectations重点是要先明白客户的需求与期望值Spacing Criteria: This is a recommendation on how far apart the fixtures should be installed to provide even/uniform illumination 间距标准：灯具安装距离要多远才能提供均匀的照明。Ceiling HeightWork Surface HeightMounting HeightMounting Height (MH): Distan
16、ce between work surface and ceiling安装高度(MH): 天花板到办公桌面的距离。Spacing criteria is referenced to mounting height间距标准参照安装高度而定23学习研究Spacing Criteria间距标准间距标准There are two spacing criteria these directions are related to the geometry of the light source 这里有两个间距的标准这些方向涉及到光源的几何形状Longitudinal纵向Transverse横向Longit
17、udinal = long direction of the light source纵向=光源较长的方向横向=光源较短的方向Transverse = short direction of the light sourceLongitudinal纵向Transverse横向Even square fixtures can have longitudinal and transverse directions 平的方形灯具有纵向和横向24学习研究Spacing Criteria Example间距标准例子间距标准例子Spacing Criterion (0-180) 1.20 (longitud
18、inal)Spacing Criterion (90-270) 1.82 (transverse)Example: Lithonia 2PM4 TrofferCeiling Height = 108” Work Surface = 32”Mounting Height = 108” 32” = 76”Maximum spacingLongitudinal = 76” x 1.2 = 91.2”Transverse = 76” x 1.82 = 138.32”If spacing criteria are exceeded, then customer will have dark zones
19、between fixtures 如果超过了间距标准，那么灯具之间就会出现黑暗区域/黑影例子： Lithonia 2PM4 灯槽天花板高度= 108”办公桌面高度=32”安装高度= 108” 32” = 76”间距标准(0-180)1.20 (纵向)间距标准(90-270) 1.82 (横向)最大间距纵向 = 76” x 1.2 = 91.2”横向 = 76” x 1.82 = 138.32”25学习研究Commercial (Office)商业照明（办公室）商业照明（办公室）Offices may also use retail type linear lights 办公室可能也会使用零售商
20、店用的线槽灯26学习研究Outdoor Lighting室外照明室外照明Historically based on a wide variety of light sources, most commonly a form of high intensity discharge (HID) lamp 光源有很多，大部分是高压气体放电灯光源有很多，普遍光源是高压放电灯Hi/Low Pressure Sodium (HPS, LPS)高压钠灯/低压钠灯Mercury Vapor (MV)汞蒸气灯Metal Halide (MH, HID)金卤灯Sources can have very high
21、efficacy, but suffer from low fixture efficiency (70%)光源光效高，但是灯具效率低(70%)Discharge lamps are not instant on (minutes to reach full output)放电灯并不是能瞬时开（需要几分钟才能达到全开）Discharge lamps can not be restarted immediately (re-strike issue)放电灯不能立即重启（再点灯问题）27学习研究Traditional Light Sources传统光源传统光源High Pressure Sodiu
22、m (HPS)高压钠灯高压钠灯Most common source 最普遍的光源Golden White appearance 金白色的光50-140 lm/W CCT 2200K CRI = 24寿命Lifetime = 16,000 24,000 hoursLow Pressure Sodium (LPS) 低压钠灯低压钠灯Highest efficacy light source (100-220 lm/W) 光效最高的光源(100-220 lm/W)Amber/Yellow appearance 琥珀色/黄色CCT 1800K CRI = -17寿命Lifetime = 12,000
23、18,000 hours28学习研究Traditional Light Sources传统照明光源传统照明光源Mercury Vapor (MV) 汞蒸气灯汞蒸气灯Second most common Source 第二常见的光源Bluish White appearance 蓝白色的光35-65 lm/WCCT 5700K CRI 50寿命Lifetime = 12,000 24,000 hoursMetal Halide (HID)金卤灯金卤灯Pure White appearance 纯白色的光80-115 lm/WCCT = 3000 - 5000K CRI = 65 - 90寿命Li
24、fetime = 5,000 20,000 hours29学习研究Traditional Light Sources传统光源传统光源Lamp is very large compared to optic and fixture 跟光学器件和灯具相比，灯泡显得特别大。Efficiency scales with ratio of optic to light source对于光源来说，效率跟光学器件成正比。Larger optics are more efficient 光学器件越大，效率越高。Efficiency of 60-70% is typical for traditional li
25、ght sources 传统光源普遍的效率是60-70%。30学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Wallpack室外照明：外墙灯室外照明：外墙灯Wallpack外墙灯外墙灯Designed to light wall and area in front of wall 设计意图是要照亮外墙以及外墙前的区域Doubles as a security light Target CCT = 4000 - 5000K, CRI 70光效Efficacy 60 lm/W 31学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Wallpack 室外照明：外墙灯室外照明：外墙灯Examples of L
26、ED based Wallpack fixtures LED外墙灯具的例子32学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Garage室外照明：车库室外照明：车库Traditional传统的LEDGarage Lights (traditional fixtures) 车库照明（传统灯具）33学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Garage 室外照明：车库室外照明：车库Garage Lights (LED fixtures) 车库照明（LED灯具）目标Target CCT = 4000 - 5000K, CRI 70光效Efficacy 60 lm/W 34学习研究Outdoor Li
27、ghting: Garage室外照明：车库室外照明：车库Garage Light distribution needs to provide uniform illumination over a wide area 车库灯具配光需要提供大范围的均匀照明Vertical distribution should be almost flat垂直方向配光应该是基本扁平的Horizontal distribution should be roughly square (this matches installation pattern)水平方向配光必须要接近四方形（这个与安装模式匹配）Most ou
28、tdoor lighting will have a very particular requirement for light distribution 大部分室外照明对配光有特别要求Customers will ask for light distribution (IES) file before anything else 在初期，客户会要求提供配光曲线(IES)文件Customers do not care about anything else until they know light distribution 客户不在乎任何东西，除非他们了解到配光曲线35学习研究Outdoor
29、 Lighting: Parking 室外照明：停车场室外照明：停车场Parking Lot Lights Poor selection/layout 停车场照明停车场照明-选型选型/布局很差布局很差36学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Parking室外照明：停车场室外照明：停车场Parking Lot Lights Good selection/layout 停车场照明停车场照明-选型选型/分布很好分布很好37学习研究Outdoor Lighting: ParkingTraditional传统LEDParking lights (1 to 4 fixtures/pole) 停车场
30、照明（每杆1至4个灯具）38学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Parking室外照明：停车场室外照明：停车场Parking Lot Lights 停车场照明停车场照明目标Target CCT = 4000 - 5000K, CRI 70光效Efficacy 60 lm/WLight distribution pattern requirement will vary widely配光曲线的要求有多样性4 fixture/pole 4个灯具/杆3 fixtures/pole 3个灯具/杆2 fixtures opposite 2个灯具相对2 fixtures adjacent 2个灯具
31、毗邻1 fixture (symmetric) 1个灯具（匀称）1 fixture (asymmetric) 1个灯具（非对称）Photo sensor commonly required 通常需要光感应器39学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Post Top室外照明：庭院灯室外照明：庭院灯Post Top Lights 庭院灯庭院灯Can be any light normally mounted on a pole 可以是任何灯，基本上是安装在杆顶上。Technically may include parking lot and street lights 技术上可能包括停车场灯
32、以及路灯Traditional (1910-1930s) design streetlights may fall under post top category 传统(1910-1930s) 早期设计的路灯也属于庭院 灯的范畴。Mounting heights may vary from 2.5m to 10m+ 安装高度可能在2.5m 至 10m+Mounting height and pattern are important to customer 安装高度以及布局方式对顾客很重要Goal is uniform illumination 目标是要达到照明均匀40学习研究Outdoor
33、Lighting: Post Top室外照明：庭院灯室外照明：庭院灯Examples of layouts 灯杆布局的例子41学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Post Top室外照明：庭院灯室外照明：庭院灯Acorn lamps do not need to actually look like acorns 橡子灯不一定要求看上去像橡子。42学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Post Top室外照明：庭院灯室外照明：庭院灯Some acorn lamps hang (technically not post top)These are traditional (hist
34、oric) fixtures they may serve as streetlights有些橡子灯是悬挂下垂 的（严格说并不是安装在杆顶端），这些是传统的灯具通常用作路灯43学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Post Top室外照明：庭院灯室外照明：庭院灯Do not confuse the fixture with the light sourceThis is an LED based light source from Osram for acorn lampsPost top lamps can be sources or complete fixtures不要混淆灯具的光
35、源。这是一个欧司朗LED光源的橡子灯。庭院灯可以是光源灯也可以是完整的灯具。44学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Post Top室外照明：庭院灯室外照明：庭院灯目标Target CCT = 3500 - 5000K, CRI 70光效Efficacy 60 lm/WIntegrated and component designs 整体以及部分设计Varied light distribution pattern depends on installation site 根据灯具安装的地点不同，配光曲线也不同。 45学习研究Outdoor Lighting: Bollard室外照明：
36、草坪灯室外照明：草坪灯BollardTypically used to light pedestrian areas 180 or 360 illumination 通常是用来照亮人行走道区域，照度180 或 360 目标Target CCT = 2700 - 5000K, CRI 70光效Efficacy 40 lm/WMay need to be physically durable 一般要求灯具牢固耐用46学习研究Street Lighting 路灯路灯Traditional Light Sources 传统光源Predominant source is HPS主要的光源是高压钠灯HID
37、 is second most common source 其次的主要光源是高压放电灯Light distribution pattern is critical to customers*配光曲线对客户至关重要Type IIM, IILType IIIM, IIILType IVM, IVLPhoto sensor capability is required 要求光感应器Maintenance is very costly lifetime/warranty is important 保养成本是很大的寿命/保修期很重要Customers may require supplier to pa
38、y for warranty replacement labor 客户可能需要供应商支付保修期替换的人工*Distribution types will be covered in another training session 配光曲线类型在另一堂培训课中会讲到47学习研究Street Lighting: Terms 路灯：术语路灯：术语安装高度安装高度Mounting HeightArm Length灯臂长度灯臂长度灯杆至道路的距离灯杆至道路的距离Pole Setback车道宽度Lane Width48学习研究Street Lighting Requirements路灯要求路灯要求CCT
39、CCT = 4000 - 5000K is most common 最普遍的是CCT=4000- 5000KSome locations will accept up to 5700 - 6000K (rare) 某些地方要求5700 - 6000K （少见）Cities may have special requirement (Los Angeles 4300K) 某些城市有自己的特殊要求（洛杉矶4300K）CRI 70 is most common (better than traditional light sources) 最普遍的是 70 （比传统光源要好）Some cities
40、requiring higher CRI 75 or 80High CRI requirement is for LEDs only ! (just because they can) 有些城市要求大于CRI 75 或者 80，显色值要求只针对LED（因此只有LED才可以做到）光效Efficacy 70 lm/WWarranty requirement: 5 years (minimum) 保质期要求：至少5年Not unusual for cities to require L70 70,000 hours有些城市要求L70 70,000 小时L70 requirements from ci
41、ties might change with recent release of TM21 (dont count on it) 由于近期出了TM21，有些城市对L70要求可能会改变。49学习研究Street Lighting: Installation Type路灯：安装类型路灯：安装类型Single Side 单侧Center Line中线型Double Side Alternating双侧-交替型Double Side 双侧50学习研究Street Lighting: Layouts路灯：分布路灯：分布Real world layouts can be very complicated
42、现实的道路是复杂的Intersections 十字路口Roads may not be a strict grid 道路并非都是规则网格状的Customers expect some assistance 客户期望得到协助51学习研究Street Lighting: Full Specification路灯：规格参数路灯：规格参数Required lighting levels 要求的照度级要求的照度级 ：FC（平均亮度、均匀度）Mounting height 安装高度：安装高度：路面到灯的距离Pole setback Bracket/Arm length 灯臂长度Pole spacing 杆
43、间距Roadway width and number of lanes (if available) 道路宽度以及车道数量（如果有的话）Median width (if applicable) 中配光（若可以）Installation type (single sided, double-sided etc.) 安装形式（单侧，双侧等等）Road classification (residential, commercial, etc.) 道路类型（住宅、商业等等）Fc (average, average: min, max: min, . . .)Distance from road sur
44、face to lightDistance from edge of road to pole 灯杆至道路的距离52学习研究Street Lighting: Traditional传统路灯传统路灯Cobra head most common light fixture in the world 眼镜蛇型-世界最常见的路灯53学习研究Street Lighting: LEDLED路灯路灯No obvious preferred design LEDs offer tremendous flexibility ! ! !没有固定的灯具造型，因为LED灵活性大！ 54学习研究Street Light
45、ing: Installation路灯路灯:安装安装All work from the street side and under fixture所有维修工作是在灯具下方、路的这一边进行的Gloves tool less entry preferred 优先考虑使用手套，越少工具进入路灯越好Components on access panel simplify work 零部件装在路灯可拆的面板上，会使工作简单化These factors can be a tie-breaker (after efficiency and cost)在同等效力和成本时，顾客接下来考虑的是安装维修方便与否。因此
46、这些因素是决定成功与否的因素。55学习研究Industrial Lighting工业照明工业照明Industrial Lighting is the most forgiving in terms of CCT and CRI 工业照明对CCT和CRI是最宽松的Goal is to provide light, appearance of lighted objects/area is secondary 目的是要提供灯光，其次是要显示照亮的物体和区域。Examples 例子Warehouse 仓库Storage Facility 储藏设施Chemical Plants 化学工厂56学习研究I
47、ndustrial Lighting 工业照明工业照明High Bay and Low Bay fixtures are dominant lights 主要有高顶灯和低顶灯具High/Low Bay lights distinguished by 高/低顶灯有如下特征Intended Mounting Height 预计的安装高度Low Bay up to 6m 低顶灯最高为6米High Bay 10-20m 高顶灯10至20米Lumen output 流明输出Increased mounting height requires more lumens 安装高度越高需要的流明数越高Low B
48、ay 4,000 8,000 lumens 低顶灯 4,000 8,000 流明High Bay 16,000 20,000+ lumens 高顶灯 16,000 20,000+ 流明Distribution pattern 配光曲线High Bay installation are usually very widely spaced depend on a large degree of overlap (high angle light) 高顶灯通常安装在宽阔的空间取决于光的重叠角度（高角度光）57学习研究Industrial Lighting: Installations工业照明：安装
49、实例工业照明：安装实例58学习研究Industrial Lighting: Traditional传统的工业照明传统的工业照明Source can be HPS, Fluorescent, HID or MV光源可以是高压钠灯、日光灯、放电灯或者是汞蒸气灯CCT = 4000 - 6500KCRI = 50 - 7059学习研究Industrial Lighting: Alternate Uses工业照明：替换使用工业照明：替换使用60学习研究Industrial Lighting: Alternate Uses工业照明：替换使用工业照明：替换使用61学习研究Industrial Lighti
50、ng: LED工业照明：工业照明：LED62学习研究Industrial Lighting: Requirements工业照明的要求工业照明的要求CCT = 4000 - 5700KCRI 70 (may be higher in alternate installations替换安装时可能要求会高点)光效Efficacy 70 lm/WLight distribution requirements (examples)配光曲线的要求（实例） 30% of lumens 20-50 30%的流明分布在20-50 50% of lumens 20-50, 30% of lumens 0-20 5
51、0%的流明分布在20-50, 30% 的流明分布在0-20 40% of lumens 0-40, 40% of lumens 40-70 40%的流明分布在0-40, 40%的流明分布在40-70 (IES) Type VMWarranty expectation: 期望的保质期： 5 years L70 35,000 hours ( 50,000 hours preferred) 5年 L70 35,000 小时（未来趋势是 50,000 小时）63学习研究Architectural Lighting建筑照明建筑照明Before LEDs, Architectural lighting w
52、as simple在有LED之前，建筑照明是较简单的Facade Lighting(remote spot)Wall Washes洗墙灯64学习研究Architectural Lighting工业照明工业照明LEDs brought color (changing) LED带来色彩丰富的照明效果 65学习研究Architectural Lighting建筑照明建筑照明And other new capabilities 新功能 66学习研究Architectural LightingSome you have to see to believe 有些灯光必须要眼见为实67学习研究Architectural Lighting 建筑照明建筑照明Building appears normal in daylight建筑在白天时看上去很普通，你甚至能看到大厦里面的办公室灯光。You can see through the display ! ! !68学习研究Thank You69学习研究
