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1、TheVerb-ed动词的过动词的过去分词去分词1.1.过去分词过去分词/-ed/-ed分词与过分词与过去分词短语去分词短语/-ed/-ed分词短语分词短语的句法功能的句法功能-ed-ed分词与分词与-ed-ed分词短语可分词短语可作定语，表语，宾语补足作定语，表语，宾语补足语，状语等句子成分。语，状语等句子成分。2.-ed2.-ed分词（短语）作定语分词（短语）作定语-ed-ed分词常被用来做名词的分词常被用来做名词的前置定语。及物动词的前置定语。及物动词的-ed-ed分词作前置定语通常带有分词作前置定语通常带有被动含义，而相应的被动含义，而相应的 inging分词作前置定语则有主分词作前置
2、定语则有主动含义。动含义。Compare:eg.a talka machine languagea bird recordedrecordingspokenspeaking* *不及物动词的不及物动词的-ed-ed分词分词也也可以作名词修饰语（定语）可以作名词修饰语（定语）， 但这种但这种-ed-ed 分词分词没有没有被动的含义被动的含义，只有完成的只有完成的意义意义；反之，；反之，-ing-ing 分词分词作名词修饰语作名词修饰语/ /定语则表定语则表主动和正在进行的意义。主动和正在进行的意义。eg. fallen leaves（完成；无被动）falling leaves （主动；正在进行）
3、the sun （完成；无被动）the sun （主动；正在进行）a country （完成；无被动）a country （主动；正在进行）risenrising developeddeveloping* *-ed-ed分词作定语通常带有其分词作定语通常带有其他成分，他成分， 这种这种-ed-ed分词结构分词结构/ /短语相当于一个定语从句，短语相当于一个定语从句，经常与定语从句相互替换着经常与定语从句相互替换着用。用。eg. The gases sent into the air by the chemical works are poison.(that are)eg.This is th
4、e most interesting story ever heard of.eg.The fish caught yesterday was still alive. eg.The trees of friendship planted by the foreign visitors are growing well.(that is)(which was)(which were)_yesterdayThemeeting_now(hold)_tomorrowisveryimportant.(hold)heldbeingheldtobeheld3.-ed3.-ed分词作表语分词作表语-ed-e
5、d分词作表语多表示主语所分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态（心情或感觉），被处的状态（心情或感觉），被动和完成的特点不是很明显。动和完成的特点不是很明显。eg. She lookedeg. Dont geteg. She seemed quite at the idea.disappointed.excited.delighted能这样使用的能这样使用的-ed -ed 分词有：分词有：disappointed discouraged frightened astonished interested amusedsatisfied surprised crowded pleased puzzled
6、worriedexcited unexpecteddrunk dressed/undressed这类词实际上已经变成了形容这类词实际上已经变成了形容词，用来表示词，用来表示“感觉感觉.”。有些-ed分词用作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。被动结构被动结构与与-ed-ed分词分词作表语作表语的结构主要差别是：被动的结构主要差别是：被动结构表示一个被动的动作结构表示一个被动的动作或行为，而带表语的结构或行为，而带表语的结构表示主语的特点或当时所表示主语的特点或当时所处的状态。处的状态。带表语结构的句子：The book is well written.带被动结构的句子：The book was
7、written by a soldier.He was injured in the leg.He had been injured twice that year.带表语结构的句子：带被动结构的句子： The library is now closed. It is usually closed at 6：00.The ground is covered with snow.This point has not been covered yet.4.-ed 分词结构作宾语补语-ed-ed 分词结构作宾语补语时，分词结构作宾语补语时，-ed-ed分分词通常表示被动词通常表示被动/ /完成完成/
8、 /被动和完成的被动和完成的意义。意义。 eg. We should make ourselves _ when talkingeg. We found himgone.understoodeg. We found her greatly changed.eg. Please keep us of the last development.eg. The viewers wish the serial film (to be) informed accomplished .要求用要求用-ed-ed分词结构作宾语补语的动词有三类：分词结构作宾语补语的动词有三类：1.1.感官动词感官动词see/h
9、ear/watch/notice/observe/find/feesee/hear/watch/notice/observe/find/feel l 等。等。2.2.When he arrived home, Tom When he arrived home, Tom found his dog found his dog killedkilled . .3.3.2.2.使役动词：使役动词：have/get/let/keep/leavehave/get/let/keep/leave等等4.4.Your car works much better now. Your car works much
10、 better now. HaveHave you you got/had it repairedgot/had it repaired? ? 5.5.3.3.表示表示“认为认为”“”“想要想要”“”“宣布宣布”“”“命令命令”等：等：think/consider; want/like/wish;declare; think/consider; want/like/wish;declare; order.order.Do you Do you considered her examinedconsidered her examined ? ?5.-ed分词结构作状语-ed-ed分词结构作状语可
11、表示时间、分词结构作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种意义，这种-ed-ed的分词结构通常的分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句相当于一个状语从句, ,有时候也有时候也可以改成省略结构。可以改成省略结构。如表示原因：如表示原因： Greatly surprised, he couldnt say a word. Scolded by the teacher, the girl felt unfair.(As he was) (Because she was)表示时间：表示时间： completed, the canal运河，沟渠 will connec
12、t the river with the lake. Seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent壮丽的.(When it is)(When it is)表示条件：表示条件： Coated给给涂上涂上 with sugar, bananas will taste better. Given more time, I would have done much better.(If they are) (If I had been)表示让步：表示让步：Even if invited, I wouldnt go.Though defeated agai
13、n and again, they went on fighting.(I were)(they were)表示伴随状况：表示伴随状况：He stared at me, astonished.Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought.(and he was)(and he was)1.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,theg
14、irlcaughtsightoftheflowers_byhermother.A.buyingB.beingboughtB.C.wereboughtD.bought5.Dontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known6.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopened
15、D.openedPrices of daily goods _on theinternetcanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtB.C.beenboughtD.buying7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay8.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed9.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_
16、astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating10.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyoucanthavetimeto_beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange巩固练习1. The students, _ at the way the question was put, didnt know how to answer it.A. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised
17、 D. having surprised2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written3.Lookatthenote_tothedoor,youwillseethatsomeonepaidavisitwhenweareaway.A.pinningB.pinnedC.beingpinnedD.ispinned4.Iwasvery_t
18、ofindalltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgotthere.A.disappointB.todisappointC.disappointingD.disappointed5.-Awomanwaskilled.-Whereisthebodyofthe_woman?A.murderB.murderedC.murderingD.havingmurdered6._Englishisasimportantas_English.A.Written;spokenB.Writing;spokeC.Towrite;speakingD.Written;speaking7._with
19、thesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared9. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced10. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. A. kept B. to
20、 be keptC. keeping D. being kept11. He had his leg _ when playing football.A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken12.Withthehomework_,hewasallowedtowatchthefootballmatch.A.finishedB.finishingC.tofinishD.tobefinished13. With his finger _ to the _ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”A. pointing; broken B. pointed; brokenC. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking14.Yourumbrellawants_.Doyouwantit_?A.repairing;repairingB.repairing;repairedC.torepaired;toberepairedD.toberepaired;repairingGoodbye!
