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1、医学医学术语术语大全大全医学医学术语术语 内容大内容大纲纲n学学习习目的目的n医学医学术语术语的的组组合合n常常见缩见缩写写n病病历历范例范例n应应用用实实例例n简简易解剖易解剖图图解解n结语结语学学习习目的目的n医学医学术语术语是医是医护护、医、医疗疗管理管理 相互相互间间沟通沟通专业语专业语言言n帮助学帮助学习习者者发发展展对对医医疗语疗语言言 的的阅读阅读与了解能力与了解能力n进进一步一步应应用于用于实务实务作作业业医学医学术语术语的的组组合合n字根法字根法(Word Root)n字尾法字尾法(Suffix)n前前缀缀法法(Prefix)n多重多重组组合合(Multiple combin
2、ation)n联结联结元音元音(a,e,i,o,u)字根法字根法(Root)nCardi/o = heart 心心脏脏nHepat/o = liver 肝肝脏脏nPneum/o = lung 肺肺脏脏nNephr/o = kidney 肾脏肾脏nRen/o = kidney 肾脏肾脏nArthr/o = joint 关关节节nCerebr/o = cerebrum 脑脑 字根法字根法(Root)nGastr/o = stomach 胃胃nEnter/o = intestine 肠肠nDerm/a = skin 皮肤皮肤nPsych/o = mental 精神精神nHemat/o = blood
3、 血液血液nOste/o = bone 骨骨头头nPancreat/o = pancreose 胰胰脏脏nSplen/o = spleen 脾脾脏脏字尾法字尾法(Suffix)nEndoscopy = endo + scopy in + examination 内部内部 + 镜检镜检(法、法、术术) nGastritis = gastr + itis stomach + inflammation 胃胃 + 发发炎炎nNephrotomy= nephro + tomy kidney + incision 肾肾 + 切开切开字尾法字尾法(Suffix)nSplenomegaly = spleen
4、+ megaly spleen + enlargement 脾脾脏脏 + 肿肿大大 nArthrodesis = arthro + desis joint + fixation 关关节节 + 固定固定nRhinoplasty = rhino + plasty nose + plastic 鼻鼻 + 整形整形术术字尾法字尾法(Suffix)nCystocele = cyst + cele bladder + hernia, protrusion 膀胱膀胱 + 突出突出 nAdenoma = aden + oma gland + tumor 腺体腺体 + 肿肿瘤瘤nLeukemia = leuk
5、+ emia white + blood 白血病白血病字尾法字尾法(Suffix)nDysentery = dys + entery pain + intestine 疼痛疼痛 + 肠肠道道(痢疾痢疾) nTonsillectomy = tonsil + ectomy tonsil + excision 扁桃腺扁桃腺 + 切除切除nPyuria = py + uria pus + urine 脓脓 + 小便小便前前缀缀法法(Prefix)nAntipyretic = anti + pyretic gainst + fever 对对抗抗 + 发烧发烧 nAntepartum = ante + p
6、artum before + labor 在在之前之前 + 生生产产nPolyarteritis = poly + arteritis many + arteritis 多多处处 + 动动脉炎脉炎前前缀缀法法(Prefix)nHemiplegia = hemi + plegia half + paralysis 一半一半 + 麻痹麻痹 nHypertension = hyper + tension above + pressure 高高 + 压压力力(血血压压)nBradycardia = brady + cardia slow + heart 心跳心跳过过慢慢前前缀缀法法(Prefix)nT
7、ackycardia = tacky + cardia rapid + heart 快的快的 + 心心脏脏 nPolyneuralgia = poly + neuralgia multiple + never pain 多的多的 + 神神经经痛痛nSubcutaneous = sub + cutaneous under + skin 皮下皮下前前缀缀法法(Prefix)nDysphasia = dys + phasia impairment + speech 障碍障碍 + 言言语语 nDysuria = dys + uria painful + urine 疼痛疼痛 + 小便小便多重多重组组合
8、合(Multiple combination)electro cardi o gram字根字根 字根字根 字尾字尾 电电 心心 图图salpingo-oophor ectomy 字根字根 字根字根 字尾字尾输输卵管卵管 卵巢卵巢 切除切除多重多重组组合合(Multiple combination)gastro entero stomy 字根字根 字根字根 字尾字尾 胃胃 肠肠 造口造口Esophago gastro duodenoscopy 字根字根 字根字根 字根字根 字尾字尾 食道食道 胃胃 十二指十二指肠肠 镜检镜检联结联结元音元音(Combining vowel)Nephropathy
9、CardiomegalyOsteotomy联结联结元音元音(Combining vowel)GastrectomyCystitis 字尾的开字尾的开头头即即为为元音元音Hepatoma 故不需另加其他元音故不需另加其他元音字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例cele: hernia, tumor, protrusioncystocele: hernia of the bladdergastrocele: hernia of the stomachHydrocele: serous tumor of the testis字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例emia: bloodhyper
10、glycemia: abnormally high blood sugar itis: inflammationgastritis: inflammation of the stomachnephritis: inflammation of the kidney字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例malacia: softeningosteomalacia: softening of the bonesplenomalacia: softening of the spleenpathy: disease neuropathy: any disease of nervemyopahty: a
11、ny disease of muscle 字字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例尾及其组合元素实例centesis: puncturethoracentesis: puncture and aspiration of the pleural cavity字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例ectomy: excision, removetonsillectomy: removal of tonsilsoophorectomy: removal of ovaryplasty:surgical correction, plasty repair ofhernioplasty: plasty
12、 repair of herniaproctoplasty: surgical repair of rectum字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例scopy: inspection, examinationbronchoscopy: examination of the bronchi with an endoscopecystoscopy: examination of the bladder with an endoscope 字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例stomy: creation of an opening colostomy: creation of an ope
13、ning into the colon through the abdominal wallgastroduodenostomy: creation of an opening between stomach and duodenum 字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例osis:increase, conditionarteriosclerosis: hardening of the arterieslymphocytosis: increase in number of lymph cells 字尾及其字尾及其组组合元素合元素实实例例penia: deficiency, decreas
14、eleukopenia: decrease of leukocytes in the blood angio: blood vesselangiotomy: dissection of blood vessel字根及其字根及其组组合元素合元素实实例例crani: skullcraniotomy: surgical opening of skullcyt:cellerythrocyte: red blood cell字根及其字根及其组组合元素合元素实实例例derm:skindermatitis:inflammation of skinenter: intestineenteritis: infl
15、ammation of the intestine字根及其字根及其组组合元素合元素实实例例hematemesis: vomiting of bloodhematoma: a blood tumorhyster: uterushysterectomy: excision of the uturus 前前缀缀及其及其组组合元素合元素实实例例ante: beforeantenatal: before birthepi: uponepidermis: outer layer of the skin hemi: halfhemiplegia: paralysis of one-half the body
16、 前前缀缀及其及其组组合元素合元素实实例例hyper: above, beyond, excessivehypertension: high blood pressureendo: withinendocarditis: inflammation of the endocardium peri: aroundpericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium 英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Adenocarcinoma Adenoca 腺癌腺癌 Atrial fibrillation Af 心房心房纤维颤动纤维颤动Alph
17、a-fetoprotein AFP -胎儿蛋白胎儿蛋白Acute glomerulonephritis AGN 急性急性肾丝肾丝球球肾肾炎炎Acquired immune AIDS 后天免疫缺乏症候群后天免疫缺乏症候群deficiency syndrome常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名AppendicitisAPP 阑阑尾炎尾炎Abdomino-perineal resectionAPR 腹会阴切除腹会阴切除Adult respiratory distress ARDS 成人呼吸窘症候群成人呼吸窘症候群 syndromeAcute re
18、nal failure ARF 急性急性肾肾衰竭衰竭Atrial septal defectASD 心房中膈缺心房中膈缺损损Atherosclerotic heart disease ASHD 粥粥样样硬化性心硬化性心脏脏病病常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写 中文全名中文全名Abdominal total hysterectomy ATH 腹式全子腹式全子宫宫切除切除Aortic valve replacement AVR 主主动动脉瓣置脉瓣置换术换术Arterio-venous shunt A-V shunt 动动静脉分流静脉分流术术Acute pye
19、lonephritis APN 急性急性肾肾盂盂肾肾炎炎Background diabetic BDR 背景性糖尿病背景性糖尿病视视网膜病网膜病变变retinopahty常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Twice a day (bis in die) b.i.d. 一天二次一天二次BilateralBIL 双双侧侧Basal metabolic rateBMR 基基础础代代谢谢率率Blood pressureBP 血血压压Benign prostatic BPH 良性前列腺肥大良性前列腺肥大hyperplasia常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文
20、英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Bilateral pelvic lymphBPLND 双双侧侧骨盆腔淋巴骨盆腔淋巴结结摘除摘除 nodes dissectiotnBenign paroxysssmal BPPV 良性良性阵发阵发生位置性眩生位置性眩晕晕 position vertigoBilateral saplingo- BSO 双双侧侧卵巢卵巢输输卵管切除卵管切除 oophorectomyBibiary tract infectionBTI 胆道感染胆道感染常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Blood u
21、rea nitrogenBUN 血中尿素氮血中尿素氮Biopsybx 切片切片Carcinoma CA 癌症癌症Continuous ambulatory CAPD 连续连续性携性携带带式腹膜透析式腹膜透析peritoneal dialysisComputed(axial) tomography CAT scan 计计算机断算机断层摄层摄影影常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Common bile duct CBD 总总胆管胆管Congenital heart disease CHD 先天性心先天性心脏脏病病Congestive heart
22、 failure CHF 充血性心充血性心脏脏衰竭衰竭Carcinoma in situ CIS 原位癌原位癌 Chronic obstructive pulmonary COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾慢性阻塞性肺疾 diseaseChronic paranasal sinusitis CPS 慢性副鼻慢性副鼻窦窦炎炎常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Cesarean section C/S 剖腹剖腹产产Chest x-ray CXR 胸部胸部X光光Cerebrovascular accident CVA 脑脑血管意外血管意外Diabetes m
23、ellitus DM 糖尿病糖尿病Ear, nose, and throat ENT 耳鼻喉耳鼻喉End stage renal disease ESRD 末期末期肾肾疾病疾病常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Hepatocellular carcinomaHCC 肝肝细细胞癌胞癌Intensive care unit ICU 加加护护中心中心Insulin dependent diabetesIDDM 胰胰岛岛素依素依赖赖型糖尿病型糖尿病 mellitusMagnetic resonance imaging MRI 核磁共振核磁共振摄摄影
24、影 Nothing by mouth NPO 禁食禁食 (nulla per os) 常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Red blood cell (corpuscle) RBC 红红血球血球 red blood countSystemic lupus erythematosus SLE 系系统统性性红红斑性狼斑性狼疮疮Shortness of breathSOB 呼吸短促呼吸短促Tuberculosis TB 结结核病核病Total hip replacementTHR 全全髋髋关关节节置置换术换术常常 见见 缩缩 写写英文英文诊诊断疾
25、病全名断疾病全名 英文英文缩缩写写中文全名中文全名Total knee replacement TKR 全膝关全膝关节节置置换术换术Upper respiratory tract URI 上呼吸道感染上呼吸道感染 infectionUrinary tract infection UTI 沁尿道感染沁尿道感染Ventricular septal defect VSD 心室中膈缺心室中膈缺损损White blood cell; WBC 白血球白血球 white blood count常常 见见 缩缩 写写病病历历范例范例This 46-years-old woman was a victim of
26、 invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast with bone metastasis, she had received surgery and radiotherapy due to axillary lymph node and bone (L-spine) metastasis. This time she was admitted for set up port A placement and chemotherapy This patient was admitted because of sudden onset of vomiting of
27、 bright red blood due to acute gastric ulcer. His hemoglobin was 7.8gm/dl, which revealed anemia due to blood loss. Areterigraphy was performed to determine the site of the bleeding, and hemostasis was achieved by transcatheter embolization病病历历范例范例The patient complained of chest pain and dyspnea off
28、 and on for 3 months.The diagnosis were congestive heart failure and unstable angina,the angina was treated with nitrate, and IV Lasix was administered to manage the heart failure.Both conditions improved, and the patient was discharged to be followed on an out-patient basis.病病历历范例范例This patient had
29、 received a below knee utation six years ago for gangrene of his leg due to both diabetes and arteriosclerosis. The patient had received an above-knee utation of the stump because of further gangrene change at this admission.病病历历范例范例应应用用实实例例（以（以Chronic renal failure 为为例）例）Essential of Diagnosis1.1.P
30、rogressive azotemia over weeks or months2.Isosthenuria is common3.Hypertention in the majority4.Bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound are dianostic5.Radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy confirms the diagnosis General ConsiderationsThe symptoms of chronic renal failure(CRF) depend on the sever
31、ity and rapidity of the underlying renal disorder. When CRF developslowly,most individuals remain asymptomaticuntil the renal failure is far-advanced (GFR 10-15mL/min) . Complication of chronic renal failuretheir managementA.HyperkalemiaB.Acid-base disorderC. Cardiovascular complication 1 .Hypertent
32、ion 2.Pericarditis 3 .Congestive heart failureD.Hematologic complication 1. Anemia 2.Coagulopathy E. Neurologic complicationF. Disorder of mineral metabolism: Renal osteodystrophyG. Metabolic and endocrine disturbancesH. Gastrointestinal tract complicationTreatment of Chronic renal failureA. Diatery
33、 management 1. Protein restriction 2. Salt and water restriction 3. Potassium restriction 4. Phosphorus restriction 5. Magnesium restrictionB. Dialysis 1.Hemodialysis 2.Peritoneal dialysisC. Kidney transplantation 一个病人一个病人实实例例主主诉诉:Dry cough off and on for about 1.5month病史：病史：This 51years old woman i
34、s an administractive officer at our hospital. She is a non-smoker,she underwent a regular health examination in Aug last year一个病人一个病人实实例例.Chest x-ray revealed a small opacity at RLL,hence she went to our CM OPD for help,but without significant diagnosis. In recent 1.5 months, she suffered from dry c
35、ough intermittently,it was more severe in the night time,so,she is admitted for further survey 病理病理报报告：告：Lung,right middle lobe ,frozen section and biopsy-Adennocarcinoma ,poorly differentiated一个病人一个病人实实例例住院住院诊诊断：断：Adenocarcinoma of lung ,RML and RLL,with pleural metastasis and lymph node invasion ,
36、T4N1M0一个病人一个病人实实例例手手术术：Wedge resection of RML 一个病人一个病人实实例例住院治住院治疗经过疗经过：After admission ,chest CT revealed ill-definded nodules at RML and RLL.Pre-OP survey was performed and showed no distance metastasis.一个病人一个病人实实例例After discussion and explanation of limits,risk,and benefits of surgery and biopsy,f
37、amily and patient decided to receive surgery resection,then exploratory thoracotomy with lung wedge resection was performed and pleural metastasis was noted , 一个病人一个病人实实例例Port-A was also insertion .After rest and pain control ,patient was discharged and keep OPD follow up for further lung CA treatment.一个病人一个病人实实例例有系有系统统、有方法、有、有方法、有纪纪律律的学的学习习是成功的保是成功的保证证结结 语语谢谢谢谢聆听聆听敬敬请请指教指教
