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1、Chapter 5Supply, Demand and Government Policies供给需求与政府政策英1. Supply, Demand, and Government Policies供给需求与政府政策英2. Price Controls.Are usually enacted when policymakers believe the market price is unfair to buyers or sellers. Result in government-created price ceilings and floors.供给需求与政府政策英2.1 Price Cei
2、lings & Price Floors供给需求与政府政策英Price Ceilings Two outcomes are possible when the government imposes a price ceiling:The price ceiling is not binding if set above the equilibrium price.The price ceiling is binding if set below the equilibrium price, leading to a shortage.供给需求与政府政策英A Price Ceiling That
3、 Is Not binding.供给需求与政府政策英A Price Ceiling That Is Binding.供给需求与政府政策英Effects of Price Ceilings供给需求与政府政策英The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Not Binding.供给需求与政府政策英The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Binding.供给需求与政府政策英Rent ControlRent controls are ceilings placed on the rents that landlords may charge their
4、tenants.The goal of rent control policy is to help the poor by making housing more affordable.One economist called rent control “the best way to destroy a city, other than bombing.”供给需求与政府政策英Rent Control in the Short Run.供给需求与政府政策英Rent Control in the Long Run.供给需求与政府政策英Price FloorsWhen the governmen
5、t imposes a price floor, two outcomes are possible.The price floor is not binding if set below the equilibrium price.The price floor is binding if set above the equilibrium price, leading to a surplus.供给需求与政府政策英A Price Floor That Is Not Binding.供给需求与政府政策英A Price Floor That Is Binding.供给需求与政府政策英Effec
6、ts of a Price Floor供给需求与政府政策英Effects of a Price FloorA binding price floor causes . . .a surplus because QSQD.nonprice rationing is an alternative mechanism for rationing the good, using discrimination criteria. Examples: The minimum wage, Agricultural price supports 供给需求与政府政策英3 The Minimum WageAn i
7、mportant example of a price floor is the minimum wage. Minimum wage laws dictate the lowest price possible for labor that any employer may pay.供给需求与政府政策英The Minimum Wage供给需求与政府政策英The Minimum Wage 供给需求与政府政策英Taxes供给需求与政府政策英What are some potential impacts of taxes?Taxes discourage market activity.When
8、a good is taxed, the quantity sold is smaller. Buyers and sellers share the tax burden.供给需求与政府政策英Taxes供给需求与政府政策英Impact of a 50Tax Levied on Buyers.供给需求与政府政策英Impact of a 50Tax Levied on Buyers.供给需求与政府政策英What was the impact of tax?Taxes discourage market activity.When a good is taxed, the quantity sol
9、d is smaller. Buyers and sellers share the tax burden.供给需求与政府政策英Impact of a 50Tax on Sellers.供给需求与政府政策英A Payroll Tax供给需求与政府政策英The Incidence of TaxIn what proportions is the burden of the tax divided?How do the effects of taxes on sellers compare to those levied on buyers?供给需求与政府政策英Elastic Supply, Inelastic Demand.供给需求与政府政策英Inelastic Supply, Elastic Demand.供给需求与政府政策英供给需求与政府政策英
