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1、Module 4Unit 3Tomorrows world 重点单词重点单词1set vt.为为(电影、戏剧、小说等电影、戏剧、小说等)设置背景,确定;决定,创设置背景,确定;决定,创造造 【用法拓展用法拓展】 (1)set an alarm clock上闹钟上闹钟set a world record创世界纪录创世界纪录 (2)set up建立;创办;创设;搭起建立;创办;创设;搭起 set down记下;写下记下;写下 set out出发;启程出发;启程 set out to do sth.开始做某事;着手做某事开始做某事;着手做某事 set off出发出发 set fire to sth.
2、把把点燃点燃 set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样为某人树立榜样(3)set about开始;开始或出发开始;开始或出发 set about solving the problem着手解决问题着手解决问题The author set her story in Detroit.作者的故事以底特律为背作者的故事以底特律为背景。景。美国传统美国传统They set June 9 as the date for the wedding.他们把婚期定在他们把婚期定在6月月9日。日。美国传统美国传统The Kenyan runner set a new Olympic record i
3、n the 3,000 metres.肯尼亚选手创下了肯尼亚选手创下了3 000米赛跑的奥林匹克新记录。米赛跑的奥林匹克新记录。In order to get up early to catch the train,he set the alarm for 5 oclock in the morning.为了早起赶上火车,他把闹钟调到早上五点。为了早起赶上火车,他把闹钟调到早上五点。即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子The novel which _ _ _(以以为为 背景背景)prewar London will be published next month. 答案答案:is set in2
4、burn vi.&vt.燃烧;烫伤;发热燃烧;烫伤;发热/光光 【用法拓展用法拓展】 burn down 烧光,把烧光,把烧成平地,烧成平地,(火力火力)渐弱渐弱 burn off 烧掉某物烧掉某物 burn.to death 把把烧死烧死 burn.to the ground 把把烧成平地烧成平地 After the big fire,the whole city was burned to the ground. 大火过后,整座城市被烧成平地。大火过后,整座城市被烧成平地。 I burned my fingers with a match.我划火柴时烧伤了手指。我划火柴时烧伤了手指。 美国
5、传统美国传统 The sun burned bright in the sky.太阳当空照耀。太阳当空照耀。美国传统美国传统即学即用即学即用Dont forget you can still get _ when you are swimming. Aburning Bburnt Cbeing burnt Dto be burnt 答案答案:B3impress vt.给给留下深刻印象;使钦佩留下深刻印象;使钦佩 【用法拓展用法拓展】 (1)impress sb.with/by sth.以某物给某人印象以某物给某人印象 be impressed with/by 因为某物留下印象因为某物留下印象
6、(2)impression n. 印象印象 have/leave/make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象给某人留下印象 have a good impression of sb.对某人有好印象对某人有好印象 the first impression of 对对的第一印象的第一印象 (3)impressive adj.有印象的,印象深刻的有印象的,印象深刻的 One candidate in particular impressed us with her knowledge. 一位候选人的渊博的知识给我们留下了深刻印象。一位候选人的渊博的知识给我们留下了深刻印象。 T
7、he coach impressed upon the team the importance of teamwork. 教练使队员们认识到团队精神的重要性。教练使队员们认识到团队精神的重要性。美国传统美国传统 I was deeply impressed by/with his speech.他的演说给我留下了他的演说给我留下了 深刻印象。深刻印象。 When it comes to job interviews,first impressions are important. 当谈及面试时,第一印象是非常重要的。当谈及面试时,第一印象是非常重要的。即学即用即学即用The actor _ u
8、s greatly with his wonderful performance and excellent English. Amoved Binterested Cimpressed Dtouched 答案答案:CThe opening ceremony of our school sports meet is impressed _ my mind. Ato Bover Cby Don 答案答案:D4deliver v递送;发表;解放;交付;接生递送;发表;解放;交付;接生 【用法拓展用法拓展】 deliver sth.to sb.把某物传递把某物传递/送给某人送给某人 deliver
9、a speech发表演说发表演说 deliver.up/over to把把移交给移交给 deliver a baby接生接生 deliver sb.from danger救某人脱险救某人脱险 【特别提醒特别提醒】 deliver作作“生生(小孩小孩)”讲,其表达为讲,其表达为“be delivered of a child”。 只用于被动语态。只用于被动语态。 Could you deliver my message to the headmaster? 你可以帮我传口信给校长吗?你可以帮我传口信给校长吗? He delivered an important report at the mee
10、ting. 他在会上作了一个重要报告。他在会上作了一个重要报告。 They prayed to God to deliver them from danger. 他们祈求上帝把他们从危险中拯救出来。他们祈求上帝把他们从危险中拯救出来。 The doctor delivered the baby.医生接生了婴儿。医生接生了婴儿。美国传统美国传统即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择The crowd caught the escaped criminal and _ him to the local police. Adelivered Bset Cgiven Drescued 答案答案:A完成句子完
11、成句子报纸每天都送来。报纸每天都送来。 Newspapers _ _ every day. 答案答案:are deliveredDont worry,we can _(送送)all these goods to your door. 答案答案:deliver5.announce v宣布;宣告;宣称;通知宣布;宣告;宣称;通知 【用法拓展用法拓展】 announce sth.to sb.向某人宣布某事向某人宣布某事 It is announced that.据宣布据宣布 announce oneself/sb.通报某人的到来通报某人的到来 make an announcement发表声明;宣布通
12、知发表声明;宣布通知 A government spokesman announced that the hostages had been released. 政府发言人宣布那些人质已被释放。政府发言人宣布那些人质已被释放。 She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience. 她向激动的观众宣布了比赛的获胜者。她向激动的观众宣布了比赛的获胜者。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶 Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition. 当他宣布竞赛的优
13、胜者时,大家都静静地倾听。当他宣布竞赛的优胜者时,大家都静静地倾听。 The President made an unexpected announcement this morning. 今天上午总统发表了一项出人意料的声明。今天上午总统发表了一项出人意料的声明。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶【特别提醒特别提醒】announce是表示是表示“宣布;宣称宣布;宣称”的普通用语,指首次宣布人的普通用语,指首次宣布人们所关心的或有新闻价值的事,有预告的含义,通常是关于们所关心的或有新闻价值的事,有预告的含义,通常是关于生死、结婚、灾害信息或客人的到来等,其后常接名词、从生死、结婚、灾害信息或客人的到来等,其后常
14、接名词、从句作宾语。不可接双宾语形式。句作宾语。不可接双宾语形式。即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择_ is announced in todays paper,China has succeeded in launching the second manned spacecraft Shenzhou . AIt BThat CWhat DAs 答案答案:DIt was 2 hourswait by the time the announcement _ ,saying my flight was cancelled. Ahad been made Bwas made Cmade Dwas ma
15、king 答案答案:B完成句子完成句子我希望马上宣布胜利者的名字。我希望马上宣布胜利者的名字。 I hope to _ the winner shortly. 答案答案:announce他们通知,该航班将推迟。他们通知,该航班将推迟。 They announced that the flight _ _ _. 答案答案:would be delayed6employ vt.雇用,使用雇用,使用 【用法拓展用法拓展】 (1)employ sb.as sth.雇某人为雇某人为 employ sb.to do sth.雇某人做某事雇某人做某事 be employed in(doing)sth.被雇用
16、做某事被雇用做某事 (2)employee n受雇者,雇员受雇者,雇员 employer n雇主雇主 employment n雇用,使用雇用,使用 Weve employed a market researcher to find out what people really want from a cable TV system.我们已经雇用我们已经雇用 了一位市场调研员来调查人们到底想通过有线电视系统看了一位市场调研员来调查人们到底想通过有线电视系统看 到什么样的节目。到什么样的节目。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶 More people are now employed in service indu
17、stries than in manufacturing.现在服务业的就业人数要多于制造业。现在服务业的就业人数要多于制造业。 剑桥高阶剑桥高阶即学即用即学即用He was _ as a salesman in Samsung Company, but was soon _ because of his dereliction of duty. Aemployed,firing Bemployed,fired Chired,firing Dhiring,being fired 答案答案:B7. accuse vt.指控指控 【用法拓展用法拓展】 accuse sb.of或或charge sb.
18、with.控告某人控告某人;指责某;指责某 人人 rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物抢劫某人某物 warn sb.of sth.告诫某人某事告诫某人某事 cure sb.of sth.医治某人的病医治某人的病 remind sb.of sth,使某人想起某事;提醒某人某事,使某人想起某事;提醒某人某事 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事通知某人某事 Hes been accused of robbery/murder. 他被指控犯有抢劫他被指控犯有抢劫/谋杀罪。谋杀罪。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶 The surgeon was accused of negligence. 这名外科医生
19、被控玩忽职守。这名外科医生被控玩忽职守。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择Your neighbors may _ you with playing your radio too loudly at night. I know.They never say anything that _ me especially. Aaccuse;appeals to Bcharge;appeal to Ccharge;appeals to Dblame;appeals to 答案答案:C完成句子完成句子The young man taken by the police was said _
20、_ _ _(被指控被指控)of stealing in the shopping center. 答案答案:to have been accused8voice vt.吐露,表达吐露,表达 n声音声音 【用法拓展用法拓展】 in an angry(a sad,a cheerful)voice以很生气以很生气(伤心,快活伤心,快活) 的声音的声音 at the top of the voice高声地高声地 in a low voice低声地低声地 lose ones voice失音失音 drop(lower)/raise(lift up)ones voice放低放低/提高声音提高声音 give
21、voice to说出说出(发表发表)(意见意见);吐露;吐露(心声,感情心声,感情) I have voiced my objections to the plan to management. 我已经向管理层提出了对那个计划的反对意见。我已经向管理层提出了对那个计划的反对意见。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶 Please voice your questions at the end of the lecture. 请在演讲的最后说出你的问题。请在演讲的最后说出你的问题。The little girl spoke in a high childish voice.小女孩说话时声音尖尖的,带着童音。小女孩说
22、话时声音尖尖的,带着童音。His voice shook with fear.他害怕得声音发抖。他害怕得声音发抖。We could hear the childrens voices in the garden.我们可以听到花园里孩子们的声音。我们可以听到花园里孩子们的声音。即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择Hoping to make herself _ clearly,she spoke _ her voice. Ahear;at the top of Bheard;at the top of Chear;in a low voice Dheard;in a low voice 答案答案:B
23、完成句子完成句子如果有问题,请说出来,别犹豫。如果有问题,请说出来,别犹豫。 Dont hesitate to _ them if you have any problems. 答案答案:voice重点短语重点短语1come across碰到;遇到;无意中发现碰到;遇到;无意中发现 【用法拓展用法拓展】 come to总计;达到总计;达到come up with提出;赶上提出;赶上 come at向向袭击袭击 come across偶遇偶遇/碰到碰到 come about产生;发生产生;发生 come up被提出被提出 come around恢复知觉;苏醒再度发生,再次出现恢复知觉;苏醒再度发
24、生,再次出现 come around(to.)短暂访问短暂访问 come out出现;开花;被出版出现;开花;被出版 come true 实现,变为现实实现,变为现实 I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。 We came across some letters in the attic.我们在阁楼里偶然我们在阁楼里偶然 发现了一些信。发现了一些信。美国传统美国传统即学即用即学即用If you _ a mistake in rev
25、iewing the report,please bring it to my attention. Acome along Bcome across Ccome around Dcome about 答案答案:BLast week I was on business in Beijing and _ my old college roommate in the street,who said Li Jian,another friend of ours,_a car accident the month before. Acame across;had come up Bran into;m
26、et with Ccame across;had met with Dmet with;came across 答案答案:CHow did it _ that you did so much work in such a short time? Acome across Bcome about Ccome out Dcome up 答案答案:B2pass on传递传递 【用法拓展用法拓展】 pass sth.on to sb.将某物传递给某人将某物传递给某人 pass.down把把传给后世传给后世 pass by走过;经过走过;经过 pass through经过;经历经过;经历 pass aw
27、ay去世去世 pass over 忽略忽略 pass off(指痛苦、危机指痛苦、危机)结束结束 She caught my cold and passed it on to her husband. 我把感冒传染给了她,她又传染给她丈夫了。我把感冒传染给了她,她又传染给她丈夫了。 Pass the stick on to next one when you finished running. 当你跑完时,把接力棒传给下一位选手。当你跑完时,把接力棒传给下一位选手。 Pass the book on to me when youve finished with it. 那本书你看完后传给我。那
28、本书你看完后传给我。 I passed the news to friends.我把消息告诉了朋友们。我把消息告诉了朋友们。 美国传统美国传统即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择Read the letter and _ him. Apass on it to Bpass it on to Cpass it on Dpass it for 答案答案:B The numbness in your feet will soon pass _. Aaway Boff Cby Don 答案答案:B完成句子完成句子 我把她的口信带给她母亲了。我把她的口信带给她母亲了。I_ _ _ _ _ her mothe
29、r. 答案答案:passed her message on to 她患了重感冒,结果又传染了孩子。她患了重感冒,结果又传染了孩子。 She caught a bad cold and therefore,she _ it _ to her baby. 答案答案:passed;on2122233add to 增加;添加增加;添加 【用法拓展用法拓展】 add.to 把把加上加上add.up把把加起来加起来 add up to总计;加起来总共是总计;加起来总共是 addition n加、增加加、增加 additional adj.另外的、附加的另外的、附加的 in addition另外另外 in
30、addition to除除之外之外 Shes added a Picasso to her collection. 她的收藏中增添了一件毕加索的画作。她的收藏中增添了一件毕加索的画作。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶 The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 糟糕的天气增加了我们的困难。糟糕的天气增加了我们的困难。 Surrounding the school,those green trees add to the beauty of it.环绕学校的绿树增添了它的美丽。环绕学校的绿树增添了它的美丽。即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择It is belie
31、ved that the college tuition fee will certainly _ the difficulty of a poor family.Aadd to Badd up Cadd up to Dadd答案答案:A完成句子完成句子钱的缺乏增加了研究的困难。钱的缺乏增加了研究的困难。Lack of money _ _ the research difficulty.答案答案:added to24254put forward提出提出(计划;建议等计划;建议等) 【用法拓展用法拓展】 put aside留出;放边上留出;放边上put down放下;记下放下;记下 put in
32、插话,插嘴插话,插嘴 put off推迟,耽搁推迟,耽搁 put up升起;张贴;留宿某人升起;张贴;留宿某人 put up with忍受忍受 look forward to(doing)sth.期盼,盼望期盼,盼望 put the clock/clocks forward 将时钟拨快将时钟拨快 The plan that he put forward at the meeting turned out to be practical. 他在会上提出的计划是实用的。他在会上提出的计划是实用的。 Most European countries put the clocks forward in
33、the spring. 大多数欧洲国家会在春季将钟表拨快一小时。大多数欧洲国家会在春季将钟表拨快一小时。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶Are you serious in putting forward such a view? 提出那样一个问题你是认真的吗?提出那样一个问题你是认真的吗?Those theories put forward by Dr.Kesner are difficult to understand.凯斯纳博士提出的那些理论很难懂。凯斯纳博士提出的那些理论很难懂。The peace plan put forward last August has been revived for th
34、e latest round of negotiations.去年去年8月份提出的和平计划在最近的月份提出的和平计划在最近的一轮谈判中被再次提出。一轮谈判中被再次提出。剑桥高阶剑桥高阶【易混辨析易混辨析】put forward/come up/come up with这三个短语都有这三个短语都有“提出提出”的意思的意思。put forward作作“提出提出”讲,讲,相当于相当于come up with,是及物动词短语是及物动词短语。come up为不及物动词为不及物动词短语,意为短语,意为“被提出被提出”。come up with作作“提出提出”讲,是及物动讲,是及物动词短语,但无被动语态词短
35、语,但无被动语态。come up为不及物动词短语,主语通常为不及物动词短语,主语通常是表是表“建议、计划等建议、计划等”的名词。的名词。即学即用即学即用The dustmen will go on strike if the demands they _ are turned down.Acould put forward Bwould put forwardCput forward Dhad put forward答案答案:CAt the meeting,a proposal that he should take charge of the project _.Aput forward B
36、came up Ccame up with Dshowed答案答案:BConsidered in all sides,the plan _ by Miss Li is the best.Aput on Bput away Cput off Dput forward答案答案:D262728重点句子重点句子1Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched. 【用法拓展用法拓展】 句中句中so.that 引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句 (1)so that引导目的状语从句,意为:为
37、了引导目的状语从句,意为:为了,以,以 使使,句中谓语动词通常有,句中谓语动词通常有can,could,would等词。等词。 so.that引导结果状语从句,意思是引导结果状语从句,意思是“如此如此以至于以至于” (2)so.that.与与such.that. 两者都引导结果状语从句,意思是两者都引导结果状语从句,意思是“如此如此以至以至 于于”,不同的是,不同的是so为副词,为副词,such 为形容词,其用法区为形容词,其用法区 别为:别为:后接可数名词单数时,结构为:后接可数名词单数时,结构为:soadj.a/an可数名词单数可数名词单数that.sucha/anadj.可数名词单数可数
38、名词单数that.such可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词that.so表数量的形容词复数名词表数量的形容词复数名词/不可数名词不可数名词that.somany/few可数名词复数可数名词复数that.somuch/little不可数名词不可数名词that.soadj./adv.that.suchn.that.注意注意: so和和such 引导的结果状语从句置于句首时引导的结果状语从句置于句首时,主句要部分倒装主句要部分倒装.I left at 6 00 so that I could catch the train. 我六点出门我六点出门,以便赶上火车以便赶上火车.Speak
39、loudly,so that I can hear what you say.说话大声点,这样我才能听见你的话。说话大声点,这样我才能听见你的话。He is such a clever boy that all of us like him.他是一个如此聪明的男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。他是一个如此聪明的男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。即学即用即学即用用用so.that.与与such.that.填空填空He got up very early that morning,_ he caught the first bus.答案答案:so thatHe was _ young _ you must excus
40、e him.答案答案:so;that29302It is(about/high)time that.是该做某事的时候了是该做某事的时候了 It is high time that we stopped arguing and reached a conclusion.是停止争论得出结论的时候了。是停止争论得出结论的时候了。 It is about time that you did your homework. 你们该做作业了你们该做作业了.【用法拓展用法拓展】(1)Its the first time that sb.has done sth.是某人第一次做某事是某人第一次做某事(2)“是某
41、人该做某事的时候了是某人该做某事的时候了”还可以用句式:还可以用句式:Its time for sb.to do sth.Its the first time that he has been to London.这是他第一次去伦敦。这是他第一次去伦敦。Its time for you to have your supper.该吃晚饭了。该吃晚饭了。Its time for you to apologize.是你去道歉的时候了。是你去道歉的时候了。【特别提醒特别提醒】It is(about/high)time that.,that引导的从句中谓语动词常引导的从句中谓语动词常用过去式用过去式。I
42、ts the first time that.,that引导的从句中谓语动词常用现引导的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时在完成时。即学即用即学即用单项选择单项选择Isnt it time you _ down to _ those papers?Agot;making Bshould get;make Cget;write Dhave got;have made答案答案:ALook!Its snowing outside.Yes,it is the second time we _ snow this week.Aare having Bhave Chave had Dhad had答案答案:C3
43、132即学即用即学即用I think its high time that we _ effective measures to prevent the accidents.Atook Bbe taken Chave taken Dare taking答案答案:A完成句子完成句子早就该是你努力学习的时候了。早就该是你努力学习的时候了。It is _ time that you _ hard.答案答案:high;studied3334语法精讲语法精讲被动语态被动语态一、被动语态一、被动语态英语动词有主动语态英语动词有主动语态 Active Voice 和被动语态和被动语态 Passive Voi
44、ce 之分。如之分。如果主语是动作或状态的果主语是动作或状态的发出者发出者,动词就用主动语态;如果主语是,动词就用主动语态;如果主语是动作或状态的动作或状态的承受者承受者,动词就用被动语态。,动词就用被动语态。John encouraged Mary.约翰鼓励玛丽。约翰鼓励玛丽。Mary was encouraged by John.玛丽受到约翰鼓励。玛丽受到约翰鼓励。第一句的动词第一句的动词 “encouraged” 是主动语态;第二句的动词是主动语态;第二句的动词 “was encouraged”是被动语态。是被动语态。动词被动语态的基本形态是:动词被动语态的基本形态是: 助动词助动词be
45、及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(ed分词分词)动词的被动语态通常有六种时、体形式:即一般现在时、一般过去动词的被动语态通常有六种时、体形式:即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、过去进行体、现在完成体和过去完成体。时、现在进行体、过去进行体、现在完成体和过去完成体。1Simple Present Tense 主动语态:主动语态: I teach him. 被动语态:被动语态: He is taught by me.2Simple Past Tense 主动语态:主动语态: I taught him yesterday. 被动语态:被动语态: He was taught by me yes
46、terday.3Present Continuous Tense 主动语态:主动语态: I am teaching him. 被动语态:被动语态: He is being taught by me.4Past Continuous Tense 主动语态:主动语态: I was teaching him when you came. 被动语态:被动语态: He was being taught by me when you came.5Present Perfect Tense 主动语态:主动语态: I have taught him. 被动语态:被动语态: He has been taught
47、 by me.6Past Perfect Tense 主动语态:主动语态: I had taught him before you came. 被动语态:被动语态: He had been taught by me before you came.7一般将来时一般将来时 Simple Future Tense 也常常有这种被动语也常常有这种被动语 态形式态形式 主动语态:主动语态: I shall teach him tomorrow. 被动语态:被动语态: He will be taught by me tomorrow.二、动词由主动语态变为被动语态的步骤二、动词由主动语态变为被动语态的步
48、骤1先找出谓语动词;先找出谓语动词;2再找出谓语动词后的宾语;再找出谓语动词后的宾语;3把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;4注意人称、时态和数的变化。注意人称、时态和数的变化。 (1)Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. (2)Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. (3)He has written two no
49、vels so far. Two novels have been written by him so far. (4)They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. (5)Lucy is writing a letter now. A letter is being written by Lucy now. (6)You must lock the door when you leave. The door must be locked when you leave.三、主动形式表
50、示被动意义三、主动形式表示被动意义1连系动词连系动词(如如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等等)要用要用 主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态 形式。如:形式。如:His theory proved to be wrong.他的理论被证实是他的理论被证实是 错的。错的。2当当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean, cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种 属性时,通常用主动形式表示被
51、动意义:属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door wont shut.这门关不上。这门关不上。 The book sells quickly.这本书销售得很快。这本书销售得很快。3有的动词本身含有被动意味有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义通常用主动形式来表示被动含义. Her coat caught on the nail.她的大衣被钉子钩住了。她的大衣被钉子钩住了。 Her eyes filled with tears.她眼睛里充满了眼泪。她眼睛里充满了眼泪。4不定式不定式to blame,to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。用作表语时,通常要用主动
52、表被动。 Who is to blame?该怪谁呢?该怪谁呢? The house is to let.此屋出租。此屋出租。5某些某些“be形容词形容词to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示 被动意义。被动意义。 The book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。这本书很难懂。 The music isnt pleasant to listen to.这音乐不好听。这音乐不好听。 The picture is interesting to look at.这幅画看起来挺有趣的。这幅画看起来挺有趣的。 这类结构的特点是
53、句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说 其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动。其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动。6. 不定式用于某些动词不定式用于某些动词(如如have,have got,get,want,need等等)的的 宾宾t语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常 用主动形式表示被动意义。用主动形式表示被动意义。 Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗?你有时间帮助我们吗? I have som
54、e clothes to wash.我有一些衣服要洗。我有一些衣服要洗。 I want something to drink.我想喝点什么。我想喝点什么。 若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式。比较:若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式。比较: I have something to type.我有些东西要打我有些东西要打(字字)。(指自己打字指自己打字) I have something to be typed.我有些东西要打我有些东西要打(字字)。(指请人打字指请人打字)7在在too.to do sth.和和.enough to do sth.这两个结构中,若句子这两个
55、结构中,若句子 主语与其后不定式为被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表主语与其后不定式为被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表 示被动意义。示被动意义。 The writing is too faint to read.这笔迹太模糊,看不清。这笔迹太模糊,看不清。 These boxes are not strong enough to use as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢,不能用作站台。这些箱子不够牢,不能用作站台。8be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。后的动名词要用主动表被动。 This movie is worth seeing.这部影片值得一看。这部影片值得一看。
56、Shes not worth getting angry with.犯不上跟她生气。犯不上跟她生气。 与与worth相似的相似的worthy却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式 (若接动名词则其前应有介词若接动名词则其前应有介词of),且要用被动式表示被动含义。且要用被动式表示被动含义。 This book is worthy to be read/of being read.这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。9在在bear(承受承受),deserve(应受到应受到),need(需要需要),require(需要需要), stand(忍受忍受),want(需要需要)
57、等少数动词后的动名词用主动形式表等少数动词后的动名词用主动形式表 被动意义。被动意义。 These children need/require/want looking after.这些孩子需要照看这些孩子需要照看. His sufferings dont bear thinking about.他受的苦难简直不堪回首他受的苦难简直不堪回首. The man deserves punishing.他这个人是罪有应得。他这个人是罪有应得。 该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。 These children require/need to b
58、e looked after.这些孩子需要照看。这些孩子需要照看。 The man deserves to be punished.他这个人是罪有应得。他这个人是罪有应得。10There be结构中的不定式作定语时,主动形式表被动意义。结构中的不定式作定语时,主动形式表被动意义。 There are many clothes to wash today.今天要洗的衣服太多了。今天要洗的衣服太多了。11某些动词某些动词(如如build,burn,cook,print,make等等)的进行时,可的进行时,可 用主动形式表示被动意义。用主动形式表示被动意义。 The house is buildin
59、g.房子正在建。房子正在建。 The book is printing.书正在印刷。书正在印刷。12介词短语用主动表被动,有些介词短语有介词短语用主动表被动,有些介词短语有the表被动,无表被动,无 the表主动:表主动:in charge of负责;负责;in the charge of由由负负 责;责;in possession of拥有;拥有;in the possession of被被拥拥 有;有;in control of控制;控制;in the control of被被控制控制四、英语不用被动语态的几种情形四、英语不用被动语态的几种情形1谓语为不及物动词谓语为不及物动词(短语短语)
60、时,不用被动语态这类动词主要有时,不用被动语态这类动词主要有 happen,belong to,rise,run out(用光用光),come out(出出 版版),come up(提出提出),take place(发生发生),come about(发发 生生),break out(爆发爆发),appear(出现出现),disappear(消失消失), last(持续持续),arise(出现,发生出现,发生)等。等。 The war broke out in the end.战争终于爆发了。战争终于爆发了。 They came up with a new plan at the meeting
61、. 他们在会议上提出了一个新的计划。他们在会议上提出了一个新的计划。2宾语为不定式、动词的宾语为不定式、动词的ing形式或从句,表示主语的一些形式或从句,表示主语的一些 想法、爱好或愿望的动词,一般不用被动语态。想法、爱好或愿望的动词,一般不用被动语态。 He decided to go camping with us. 他决定跟我们一起去野营。他决定跟我们一起去野营。 I want to buy a mobile phone.我想买一部手机。我想买一部手机。3宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等的动词,一般不宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等的动词,一般不 用被动语态。用被动语态。 We
62、should help each other.我们应该相互帮助。我们应该相互帮助。 We live a happy life here.我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。 He thinks of himself too much.他对自己想得太多。他对自己想得太多。4宾语是处所、地点的动词时,一般不用被动语态。宾语是处所、地点的动词时,一般不用被动语态。 We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。我们再过两个小时就会到站了。 He has gone to London now.他去伦敦了。他去伦敦了。5谓语部
63、分谓语部分(动词与宾语动词与宾语)是一个不可分割的动词短语是一个不可分割的动词短语 时,一般不用被动语态。时,一般不用被动语态。 The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了这艘轮船今天早晨起航了. He saw the doctor yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上看了医生。他昨天晚上看了医生。五、主动语态变为被动语态的注意点五、主动语态变为被动语态的注意点1表示表示“使、让使、让”的动词的动词make,have等,以及感官动词等,以及感官动词see, watch,observe,feel,hear,listen to,look at
64、等,在主等,在主 动语态中,接不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式前的动语态中,接不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式前的to要要 省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的不定式,省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的不定式, 则必须带则必须带to。 I saw him go into the teachersoffice.He was seen to go into the teachersoffice. 我看见他进了老师的办公室。我看见他进了老师的办公室。 但如果作宾补的是但如果作宾补的是ing形式,则不变。形式,则不变。 I hear him playing the piano at home eve
65、ry morning. He is heard playing the piano at home every morning. 我听见他每天早晨在家弹钢琴。我听见他每天早晨在家弹钢琴。2带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动 语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to或或for留在动词之后;也留在动词之后;也 可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而将直接宾语留在动词可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而将直接宾语留在动词 之后。但一般采用后一种用法。之后。但一般采用后一种用法。 He gave me the pen
66、last year.I was given the pen last year by him./The pen was given to me last year by him. 这支笔是他去年给我的。这支笔是他去年给我的。3动词动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report, say,suppose,think等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。 He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 It was said that h
67、e got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。人们说他在车祸中受伤了。4短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不 能省略。能省略。 She has never been operated on before.她从未动过手术。她从未动过手术。 The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。 His plan was laughed at by everyone.大家都嘲笑他的计划。大家都嘲笑他的计划。5复合句的主动语态变
68、为被动语态时,复合句中的主句和复合句的主动语态变为被动语态时,复合句中的主句和 从句都必须同时变为被动语态。从句都必须同时变为被动语态。 Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. We were told by Li Lei that he was praised by the teacher today. 李雷告诉我们说今天他受到了老师的表扬。李雷告诉我们说今天他受到了老师的表扬。语法专练语法专练1Mr.Wang,who _ to have immigrated to the USA, taught at No.2 Middle S
69、chool in our city for twenty years. Ais hoped Bis spoken Cis said Dis told 解析解析:It is said that sb.或或sb.be said that.据说某人据说某人。 答案答案:C2His sister left home in 1998,and _ since. (2009全国全国) Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard of 解析解析:考查谓语动词的时态和语态。语意为:他姐姐在考查谓语动
70、词的时态和语态。语意为:他姐姐在19981998 年离开了家,此后人们再也没有听到她的消息。根据句意可年离开了家,此后人们再也没有听到她的消息。根据句意可 知应用被动语态,句中的知应用被动语态,句中的since暗示应用现在完成时暗示应用现在完成时。 答案答案:B3Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it _.(2009四川四川) Ahas repaired Bis repaired Cis being repaired Dwill be repaired 解析解析:考查现在进行时的被动语态。考查现在进行时的被动语态。
71、为什么我们不选为什么我们不选 择那条路节约时间?择那条路节约时间?去那儿的桥正在维修。这里用现去那儿的桥正在维修。这里用现 在进行时的被动语态表示桥正在被修。在进行时的被动语态表示桥正在被修。 答案答案:C4In September 2008,Chinas key milestone in space travel _ when Zhai Zhigang conducted the first space walk. Areached Bwas reached Chas reached Dhad been reached 解析解析:有明确的表示过去时间的词,有明确的表示过去时间的词,“in S
72、eptember 2008” 且根据题意知应用被动语态且根据题意知应用被动语态。 答案答案:B5Johnson suggested the problem worth paying attention _ at the meeting. Ato be discussed Bto been discussed Cbeing discussed Dshould be discussed 解析解析:suggest后用虚拟语气后用虚拟语气,worth paying attention to 作定语,修饰作定语,修饰the problem。 答案答案:A6Professor Williams keeps
73、 telling his students that the future _ to the welleducated.(2009重庆重庆) Abelongs Bis belonged Cis belonging Dwill be belonged 解析解析:考查动词的用法考查动词的用法。belong to表示表示“属于属于”,不能,不能用用 于被动语态,而且也没有进行时形式。于被动语态,而且也没有进行时形式。 答案答案:A7Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well,Im thinking about the salary. Aoffer
74、 Bwill offer Care offered Dwill be offered 解析解析:you和和offer之间是被动关系之间是被动关系。 答案答案:C8. Did you come to the museum by bike yesterday? No.Two meters of snow fell during the night.As a result,several main roads _. Awere blocked Bhad been blocked Cwere being blocked Dhave been blocked 解析解析:本题有明确的表示过去时间的词本题有
75、明确的表示过去时间的词“yesterday”, roads与与block之间是被动关系之间是被动关系。 答案答案:A9After the injured _ to the hospital,doctors and nurses immediately got down to _ their lives. Awas rushed;save Bwere rushed;saving Crushed;saving Drushed;save 解析解析:theadj.表示表示“某某一类人某某一类人”,the injured表示表示“受伤的人们受伤的人们”, 谓语动词要用复数,且表示被动的概念谓语动词要用复
76、数,且表示被动的概念“被快速送往被快速送往”。 答案答案:B10The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.(2009北京北京) Atreated Bwere treated Cwould treat Dwould be treated 解析解析:考查时态和语态。句意:顾客在旅馆中被招待的方式影响他考查时态和语态。句意:顾客在旅馆中被招待的方式影响他 们对服务的评价。们对服务的评价。the guests were treated in the hotel是定语从句,修是定语从句,修 饰
77、先行词饰先行词the way,guests与与treat之间是动宾关系,而主句用的是一般之间是动宾关系,而主句用的是一般 过去时,由此可知这里应用一般过去时的被动语态。过去时,由此可知这里应用一般过去时的被动语态。 答案答案:BThe weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room.(2008海南宁夏,海南宁夏,32) Areally Bsuch Ctoo Dso 解析解析:考查考查 so.that引导的结果状语从句引导的结果状语从句soadj./adv.that 引导的结果状语从句中,引导的结果状语从句中,so之后要接形容词或副之后
78、要接形容词或副词形式词形式,such则修饰名词则修饰名词,A、C两项不能构成从句两项不能构成从句。答案答案:D例例1教材原文对照教材原文对照Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched. (P42)Some people choose jobs for other reasons_ money these days.(2007全国卷全国卷,16)Afor Bexcept Cbesides Dwith解析解析:考查介词辨析句意为:近日有些人选择工作会考查介词辨析句意为:近日有些
79、人选择工作会考虑除了钱以外的其他因素考虑除了钱以外的其他因素for“为了,因为为了,因为”;except“除了除了之外之外”;besides“除除外,还有外,还有”;with“和和一起一起”。答案答案:C例例2教材原文对照教材原文对照 Besides films, VR might also have some other uses. (P43)The traffic is heavy these days.I _ arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?(2009辽宁,辽宁,29)Acan Bmust Cneed Dmight解析解析:考
80、查情态动词考查情态动词。might在这里表示推测,意思是在这里表示推测,意思是“或许,可能或许,可能”,即由于交通拥挤,即由于交通拥挤,“我我”可能会到可能会到得迟一些。得迟一些。答案答案:D例例3教材原文对照教材原文对照Besides films, VR might also have some other uses. (P43)American Indians _ about five percent of US.population.(2008浙江,浙江,14)Afill up Bbring up Cmake up Dset up解析解析:本题考查动词短语的用法。本题考查动词短语的用法。 make up“组成组成”,bring up“抚养抚养”,fill up“装满装满”,set up“建立建立”。本题句。本题句意为:美国印第安人组成了美国百分之五的人口。意为:美国印第安人组成了美国百分之五的人口。答案答案:C例例4教材原文对照教材原文对照This new exhibition was set up by the Students Union.(P51)点击此处进入点击此处进入 作业手册作业手册