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1、第38讲完形填空“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查了词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词：1语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的等级等。3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5根据上下文意思及结
2、构必须填入的确定词。(二)“完形填空”题解题策略：1解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。2解题时要全面考虑，确定选项。完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，从而确定正确的答案。其具体做法有：重视首句，寻求信息完形填
3、空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。【例1】 At my primary school，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never _，but always got near prefect scores on all my tests.(2016，厦门，29)AforgotBstudied Cregretted解析：首句句意为“在上小学时，我是最聪明的孩子之一。”由此可知，下句应为“我从不学习，但在考试中几乎都得满分。”答案：
4、_BFew people like changing their habits，good or bad.Whether it is smoking，drinking or overeating，they _ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015，苏州，16)( )1.A.stop BcontinueCfinish DavoidB明辨褒贬语境，判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出
5、能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。【例2】 On my first day at school，the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid and the way I talked.I was hurt deeply and I saw myself as a(n) _ kid.(2016，长沙，34)Augly Bsmart Chandsome解析：由关键词“made fun of me”和“I was hurt deeply”可知，“我”把我自己看成一个“丑陋”的孩子。答案：_AMs. Tu went th
6、rough about 40 failures before she succeeded.But she never _2_ and always fought on.(2016，达州，40)( )2.A.ate up Bgave upCtook up Dmade upB巧用平行结构，判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。【例3】All the family members were _
7、 and helpful，and they made me feel at home at once.(2016，随州，51)Aserious BfriendlyCfamous Dexpensive解析：该题中第一个and连接两个形容词，与helpful构成平行结构的单词应为friendly。句意为“所有的家庭成员都友善且乐于助人。他们马上让我觉得如身处家中。”答案：_BFinally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and _3_The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.
8、(2015，长沙，40)( )3.A.sadly Bangrily CproudlyI was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _4_(2015，宁波，27)( )4.A.gifts BpainsCdialogs DmistakesCB结合常识，明辨真伪结合各类生活常识和科学常识，选择出正确且符合逻辑的选择。对于这类题，考生平时要做生活中的有心人，留心各种社会现象，积累丰富的生活知识。【例4】 We cant force life to follow our wishes.The earth wont _ turning whether
9、 we accept it or not.Astop Bkeep Cstart解析：句意为“我们不能强迫生活遵循我们的愿望。无论我们是否接受，地球都不会停止转动。”答案：_AIt read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Dont forget me.Be _5_！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，宁波，30)( )5.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient DstrictB熟练语法和固定搭配，轻松解题对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题，考生除了要注意平时
10、的积累外，还要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析，从而解决问题。【例5】A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes werent as _ as a normal babys.(2016，孝感，36)Abig BbiggerCbiggest Dthe biggest解析：考查形容词的等级及用法。此处是“asadj./adv.as.”结构，表示“和一样”，其中adj.和adv.都用原级。答案：_ALast week，students at Rosie Bridg
11、e School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.There _6_ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈阳，16)( )6.A.are Bwere Cis DwasB多方推断，寻求线索完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的
12、提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这里所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。在有些情况下，空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出，也不能单独由下文反向推断而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息联合推
13、断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文，看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。正向推断法【例6】 As children they were never bored because there was always _ to do on the farm.(2016，绵阳，22)Anothing BeverythingCsomething Danything解析：由句中“they were never bored”可知，因为在农场总有一些事可做。答案：_CThe fire burnt Noahs neck，arms and faces.As a result，he was
14、_7_ for a month.(2016，绵阳，33)( )7.A.on vacation Bat homeCin hospital Dat workIt seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no _8_ or fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40)( )8.A.pride BworryCanger DregretCB逆向推断法【例7
15、】 It was a sunny and enjoyable day.Everyone in the _ station was waiting for the train to arrive.(2016，宁波，16)Arailway BbusCpolice Dtelevision解析：由下文中“waiting for the train to arrive”可知大家都在火车站。答案：_AIt was a Sunday morning，and I was in a _9_ mood (情绪)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night b
16、efore and didnt invite me.(2015，山西，31)( )9.A.good Bterrible CpeacefulHe raised a glass of water and asked them，“How _10_ do you think this glass of water is？”.Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41)( )10.A.heavy BfullCmuch DlongBA正逆向联合推断法【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out of a c
17、ar and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(2015，长沙，34)Awalked Bran Cdrove解析：由上句中的“out of a car”以及下句“I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透过车窗，我被路边的景色惊呆了)”可知，我们是开车去的。答案：
18、_CA man feared his wife wasnt hearing as well as she used to and he thought she might need some hearing aid (助听)Not quite sure how to _11_ her，he called the family doctor to discuss the problem.(2016，河南，36)( )11.A.save BhelpCface DguideDo you ever watch old movies？Maybe you will see one with Carole
19、Lombard.She was a famous _12_ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made 70 movies.(2015，天津，41)( )12.A.nurse BactressCdoctor DteacherBB复读全文，检验答案把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心思想及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的在四个选项里找。顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞。
