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1、Unit 1The Icy Defender1The Peninsular War2BR3-world-3-1A Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler II3BR3-world-6Joseph StalinII4BR3-world-2II5BR4-MAP-1.2Napoleons Russian Campaign1) Find the following place names: Moscow, Borodino, and Neman River. 2) What happened in Borodino?6BR4-MAP-1.3Hitlers Russian
2、Campaign1) When did the Hitlers Russian Campaign happen?2) How long was Leningrad being besieged?7GR-textPartDivisionoftheTextPartspara.MainIdeas123123111220Introduction-Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Napoleons military campaign aga
3、inst Russia. Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union.globalreading421Conclusion-The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.8 The weather is not so good as the favorable terrain, the favorable terrain is not so good as the support of the people. Man proposes and
4、God disposes. The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting. Pre-reading:quotations9Pride comes before a fall.Necessity comes before invention/ innovation.Sweat comes before fruit.Failure comes before success.Will comes before way.10Para.1IntensiveStudy-para111Para.2IntensiveStudy-p
5、ara.212Find one phrase in para. 2 meaning starting a warLaunch an attack againstWhat fate did Napoleon and Hitler share?Military failure/ waterlooIntensiveStudy-para1-213What is the reason for Napoleons defeat? Unprepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscowraw Russian winterTranslate th
6、e following sentence: As the saying goes: Know yourself and know your enemy, victory is assured.IntensiveStudy-para1-214He was prepared for the fierce resistance of He was prepared for But he was not prepared for He _ that they would encounter fierce resistanceIntensiveStudy-para1-2anticipated15Ques
7、tion: How is Hitlers army?Very powerfulIntensiveStudy-para2How do you know that? Find the words to prove it.UnequalledUnrivalled, incomparablemow down16Mow the lawnIntensiveStudy-para2Mow down: defeat, destroy His troops had _ any attempt/ effort to check the advance of themMarched into the territor
8、y with overwhelming force crashed/ destroyed17What is the reason for Hitlers defeat? The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.Both Napoleon and Hitler encountered their waterloo in Russia IntensiveStudy-para1-218The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small
9、 firms.Inthecaseofas far asis concerned In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal, elementary training is easy.Nowyoutry:就海豹那样智商较高的动物而言就海豹那样智商较高的动物而言,初级培训初级培训是很简单的。是很简单的。 192. This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.3. Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished
10、 products for export and for domestic consumption.Raw cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed (L5)How would you like the steak?Raw? Blue-rare? Rare?(52)Medium-rare?(55 )Medium?(60 )Medium-well?(65 )Well Done?(71 )1.The events took place on a raw February morning. 201.Begi
11、nning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.2. Launch a campaign / movement3. launch a ship/ an artificial satellite/ launch ones son into the world/ a new enterprise/ a new brand (Procter & Gamble)Launch: start; send on its course (L7)Nowyoutranslate:21Article1_w_popwi
12、n_launched-2He launched into a long speech about the danger of gambling.他开始作关于赌博危险性的长篇演说。他开始作关于赌博危险性的长篇演说。 She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。launch an attack发动进攻发动进攻launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动发动一场大规模的运动launch a
13、 company开一家公司开一家公司launch threats at sb.向某人发出威胁向某人发出威胁launch into（积极有力地）开始（积极有力地）开始launch out（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始22Para.3IntensiveStudy23How did Napoleon feel about the campaign?Confident of a quick victory.Why did he think so?His soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped.Intensi
14、veStudy-para324Predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeksanticipated, expectedPredict: pre dict (prewar, preschool, preview preface)dict: dictation dictator foretell forecastIntensiveStudy-para325Para.4How did the campaign turned out?The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happe
15、ned. (para. 4)Make a sentence with the above structureIntensiveStudy-para427The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.Translate大军大军_，但它的，但它的_很快由于很快由于_而停顿下来。而停顿下来。紧追不舍紧追不舍长驱直入长驱直入粮草运输缓慢粮草运输缓慢IntensiveStudy-para428Para.5He was now faced with a c
16、rucial decisionHe was confronted with an important decisionIntensiveStudy-para5On graduation, every undergraduate will be faced with a crucial decision: whether to find a job or to pursue further studies.I was faced with a crucial decision: should I be a small fish in a big pond? Or a big fish in a
17、small pond?30Para.6What decision did Napoleon make?Napoleon took the gamble of pressing onIntensiveStudy-para6took the risks of pursuing the enemy in spite of difficulties32Para.7.8Napoleon had a clear path to MoscowNapoleon entered Moscow without any _IntensiveStudy-para7barrier / resistanceA ragin
18、g fire; a raging storm34Para.9IntensiveStudy35Why did the French retreat turn into a nightmare?1. attack by the Russians:Life and death struggleIntensiveStudy-para92. freezing temperature3. snow36IntensiveStudy-para9drag: heavy stepse.g. drag ones steps back homeCf. go on, press on 37 Para. 10Intens
19、iveStudy38IntensiveStudy-para10Swollen river: 39Para.11IntensiveStudy40Part Two ( Paras 311)Summary: Napoleon failed in his attempt to conquer Russia, partly due to/ because of _ _, together with the Russians _ accounted for Napoleons defeat.the raw, bitter, bleak winter of RussiaTerrible weather co
20、nditionsdetermination to defend the homeland/ tactics411. The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.2. The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played.conquest:theactionoftakingcontrolofbyforce (L16)42They won a _ in battle.They succeeded in the _ of that city.
21、They returned home in _victoryconquesttriumphvictoryconquesttriumphvictory指指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”,并有并有“击败对击败对方或敌人方或敌人”的含义的含义;conquest指指“征服某国或某民族征服某国或某民族,从而使之处于被支配从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜地位的胜利或战胜”;triumph指指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”.431.After a fierce battle, the troops retreated 2. southward.2. We adopt
22、ed the following strategies: when the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue.retreatmove back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty (L20)Ant.advance 44The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial faci
23、lities.be/getboggeddown be unable to make progress (L22)Nowyoutry:451. Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.2. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.Syn. vital ,essential, critical, decisivecrucial very important (followed by to) (L27)Nowyoutry:
24、461. Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.2. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.Cf. drag onpresson/ahead continue doing sth. in a determined way (L30)Nowyoutry:471. His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.2. Our neighbo
25、r seems to be doing nothing, but in fact hes just biding his time.bideonestime wait patiently for a chance (L39)Nowyoutry:48These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year.How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?The time dragged as we waiteddragon move slowly and with effort; c
26、ontinue endlessly and tediously (L50). 491. It was a stroke of luck that the air attendant missed the plane. byastrokeofluckluckily 501. Berman saved Johnson at the cost of his own life.2. The local government developed its economy but at the cost of the environment.3. He worked hard at the cost of
27、his health.atthecostof with the loss of (L55)51Para.12IntensiveStudy52How did Hitler start the war?Began an invasion without a declaration of warHow did Hitler expect the war?Confident of a quick victoryWhat was Hitlers tactics?Blitzkrieg, lightning warWhat were the three targets of Hitler?Leningrad
28、, Moscow and UkraineIntensiveStudy-para1253Para.13IntensiveStudy54Did Hitlers “lightning war” tactics work?Yes, the Russians were caught off guard.be taken by surpriseWhat was the Russian tactics in response?“Scorch the earth”How to scorch the earthBurned, destroyed, rendered uselessIntensiveStudy-p
29、ara1355scorch the earthBurned, destroyed, rendered uselessIntensiveStudy-para1356IntensiveStudy-para13The bodyguard was caught off guard when a crazy female fan pushed her way amid the crowd of reporters toward Beckham asking for a signature from him.caught off guard: taken completely by surprise小贝意
30、外遭遇疯狂女球迷 保镖有些措手不及57Para.14IntensiveStudy58What is the situation in Leningrad?desperate1. Food shortage2. starvation of one million peopleIntensiveStudy-para1459BR3-world-5.1StalingradII60St. Petersburg (Stalingrad)61Para.15IntensiveStudy62Para.16IntensiveStudy63What was the situation in Moscow?1. Th
31、e German army was _ by _.2. Then its movement was _IntensiveStudy-para15slowed downgeneral mudbrought to a halt64Para.17IntensiveStudy65Para.18IntensiveStudy66What was the situation in Stalingrad?The German victory was over in _ partly owing to _.IntensiveStudy-para15Stalingradthe Russian winter67Pa
32、ra.19IntensiveStudy68Para. 20IntensiveStudy69Para. 21IntensiveStudy70GR-Part1-Q3The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.IntensiveStudy-para21What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns? 711. On Hitlers orders, the invasion of Polan
33、d began on September 1,1939.invade sb.s rightsa body invaded by diseasea mind invaded by worry and anxietyThe town was invaded by a crowd of tourists.invasion an entering or being entered by an attacking military force (L63).Nowyoutry:. 721. The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.2. The m
34、anager didnt know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard.catchsb.offguard take sb. by surprise (L71)Nowyoutry:73The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours.The news rendered her speechless.He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.rend
35、er cause (sb.sth) to be in a specified condition (L73)Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.Nowyoutry:地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。 74The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion.an offensive odor (a nasty smell )/ gesture/ weapon.an offensive remark (d
36、isgusting language) offensive: aggressive action, attack (L91/92).Nowyoutry:. 751. Do you still reckon him among your friends ?2. Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.3. reckon sth. in (count sth. in)4. reckon on sb.s help (rely on)reckon count; consider; think (L114)All these prob
37、lems had to be reckoned with as they arose.be reckoned with: be taken into consideration761. The death toll rose from 270 in 1952 to 5,000 in1954.2. Each car must pay a toll to cross the bridge.toll (1) the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular circumstances (L116)2) money paid
38、 for the use of a bridge, road, etc.77TheStructureoftheText Topic Explanation -Reasons Evidence Examples Experiment StoriesComments781.骄兵必兵必败pride comes before a fall2.战无不无不胜nothing could stand in their way3.奋勇抵抗奋勇抵抗fierce resistance4.堪称无堪称无敌be unequaled5.痛苦的教训痛苦的教训 a painful lesson6.速决速速决速胜a quick,
39、 decisive victoryAfterreading-expressions797.面面临着一个重要抉着一个重要抉择be faced witha crucial decision8.孤注一掷孤注一掷take the gamble9.激激战fierce battle10. 等待时机等待时机bide ones time12.成成为一一场噩梦噩梦turn into a nightmare11.向向提出停提出停战offer a truce toAfterreading-expressions8013.拖着脚步行进拖着脚步行进drag on14.溃不成不成军的幸存者的幸存者 the tattere
40、d survivors15. 不宣而战不宣而战without a declaration of war16.闪电式式战略略 lightning war17.“焦土焦土”政策政策“scorch the earth” policy 18.处境变得危急处境变得危急the situation becomes desperate19.食品食品匮乏乏food runs outAfterreading-expressions81After-1.useful-420. 越来越接近越来越接近draw closer and closer to21.发动反攻反攻launch a counterattack22.形形
41、势对不利不利turn the tide against23.对对的突袭的突袭a surprise attack onAfterreading-expressions82After-3.blank BlankFilling Fill in each blank in the following paragraph with the appropriate words and phrases from the text. When Hitler decided to launch his of Russia, he thought that nothing could of his armies.
42、 ,it seemed, was inevitable. He had surprise on his side, Stalin by his attack without a of war. Hitler expected the to last only a few months. In the event, it was to for much longer. Like Napoleon before him, he had made a fatal mistake in failing to the severity of the Russian weather. Many Germa
43、n soldiers were to the cold as winter set in, _ the German advance _ invasion_stand in the way_Conquestcatching off his guardlaunching_declaration_campaign_drag on_reckon withdie from_ bringing_to a halt83Part 2: Compare and ContrastSoil: the top layer of the earth in which plants grow; on British s
44、oilFrench soil: in Britain, in France sbs native soil= sbs own countryEarth: the world that we live in, substance that plants grow in, the hard surface of the world, as opposed to sea whatwhyhow on earth: used when you are asking a question about sth that you are very surprised or annoyed about84Par
45、t 2: Compare and Contrast2. Campaign: a series of actions intended to achieve particular result, especially in politics or business; a series of battles, attacks intended to achieve particular result in a war. Battle: a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships etc, especially one that is part
46、of a larger war; a situation in which opposing groups or people compete or argue with each other when trying to achieve success or control85Part 2: Compare and Contrast3. Decisive: an action, event etc that has a powerful effect on the final result of something; leading to a clear result and ending
47、doubt; to be one of the most important causes of sth; definite and not able to be doubted. Crucial: something that is crucial is extremely important because everything else depends on it86Part 2: Compare and Contrast4. Stick: =push, if a pointed object sticks into sth or you stick it into sth it is
48、pushed into it; =fix, to fix sth to sth-else with a sticky substance, or to become fixed to a surface =difficult to move, if sth sticks it becomes fixed in one position so that is is difficult to move Bog: to become too involved in thinking about or dealing with one particular thing; to become stuck
49、 in muddy ground and be unable to move 87Part 2: Compare and Contrast5. Assault: the crime of attacking someone; a military attack to take control of a place controlled by the enemy; an attempt to achieve sth difficult, especially using physical force. Attack: an act of deliberately using violence a
50、gainst someone; the act of using weapons against an enemy in a war; a statement that criticizes someone strongly.88Part 2: Compare and Contrast6. Flee: to leave somewhere very quickly in order to escape from danger; e.g. We were forced to flee the country. Retreat: to walk back and away from someone
51、 or sth because you are afraid or embarrassed; to move away from the enemy after being defeated in battle; to go away to a place that is quiet or safe; to change your mind about a promise you have made because the situation has become too difficult.89FurtherDiscussionExercisestoPassageASummaryoftheT
52、extAfter-readingActivities901. c attract, give pleasure to 2. h agreement in feeling or opinion3. c eat or drink; use up4. i unbelievable, great5. g responsible for a crime 6. i amount of time between two events7. d a rough outline or version 8. d add in order to make more attractive9. r criticize f
53、or failing to do sth. AR-3-1WordCompletionarmonyonsumencredibleuiltyntervalraftecorateeproach harm911. The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable _ his financial situation.A.with respect to B. in accord with B.C. regardless of D. in terms of Dpractice922. T
54、he more a nations company _ factories abroad, the smaller that countrys recorded exports will be.A.lieB. locateB.C. spotD. standBpractice933. We are quite sure that we can _ our present difficulty and finish the task according to schedule.A.get awayB. get acrossB.C. get offD. get over Dpractice944.
55、Theres the living room still to be _ so thats my next project.A.decoratedB. assessedB.C. dissolvedD. abandonedApractice955. It may be necessary to stop _ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.A.At easeB. at lengthB.C. At intervals D. at a distanceCpractice966. Mo
56、st lab and field studies of human behavior _ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.A.attachB. composeB.C. involveD. encloseCpractice977. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary _ too much work last week.A.take awayB. take outB.C. Take toD. take onDpractice98P
57、ost-reading activitiesPart 3: Translation Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below:casualty decisive offensive be faced withengage launch take a gamble press onstroke get bogged down thanks to minusinstruct at the cost of turn the tide catch off guard99Po
58、st-reading activities 原文： 攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。师长命令我们营绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。幸运的是，夜间温度突然下降到摄氏零下20度，烂泥地都结上了冰。由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。100Post-reading activitiesKey of Translation The offensi
59、ve had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with still resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a
60、marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and
61、101Post-reading activities the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. Hints: division commander( 师长) battalion (营) marshlan
62、d(沼泽地)102Text AnalysisAComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions Invading countryInvading countryFranceGermanyCountry invadedRussiaSoviet UnionStarter of warNapoleonHitlerStarting time of invasionSpring,1812June 22,1941Strength of invading force600,000the largest land campaign in historyPredi
63、ctionquick victory, conquest of Russia in 5 weeksBlitzkrieg, lasting no longer than 3 months103Text AnalysisAComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasionsInitial resistance Initial resistance strategystrategyCapture of the Capture of the Russian capitalRussian capitalMajor battlesMajor battlesTru
64、ce offerTruce offerrefusing to stand and fight; retreating eastwards, burning crops and homes“scorch the earth”, fierce fight to defend major citiesyesnoSmolensk, Borodino, the Berezina RiverLeningrad, Stalingradby Napoleon, rejected by the Czarno104Text AnalysisAComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisofthe
65、TwoInvasionsBiggest enemy for the invading force Turning point Fate of the invading force War-starters fate snow, freezing temperatureheavy rain, “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperatureOctober 1812, when Napoleon ordered a retreat1943, when the Soviet troops pushed the German forces backonly 100,0
66、00 survivedHitler committed suicide, his empire collapsingheavy lossesNapoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end105Useful Expressions2. 战无不胜1. 骄兵必败3. 奋勇抵抗4. 速战速决 5. 面临着重要抉择6. 孤注一掷pride comes before a fallnothing could stand in their wayfierce resistanceexpect a short campaignbe fac
67、ed with a crucial decisiontake a gamble106Useful Expressions7. 等待时机8. 成为一场噩梦9. 拖着脚步行进10. 不宣而战11. 闪电式战略12. 趁其不备bide ones timeturn into a nightmaredrag onwithout a declaration of warlightning war/blitzkriegcatch sb. off guard107Useful Expressions14. 食品匮乏13. “焦土焦土”政策政策 15. 死于饥饿16. 严冬降临17. 加以考虑18. 造成损失“
68、scorch the earth” food runs outdie from hungersevere winter settlesbe reckoned withtake a toll108Multiple choice1. During the financial crisis thousands of workers in the country were _ jobless. A. compelled B. imposed C. rendered D. depressed2. The director wanted the remark t o be cut out of the p
69、rogram lest it should _ the listeners. A. shock B. offend C. amaze D. misunderstandCB109Multiple choice3. The talks might _ for weeks before any concrete result is announced. A. drag on B. press over C. come out D. pull out4. Air traffic in the country has been brought to a _ by a strike of the staf
70、f in all airline companies. A. delay B. survey C. retreat D. haltAD110Multiple choice5. We have planned an exciting publicity _ with our advertisers. A. battle B. campaign C. struggle D. conflict6. Industrial plants process the _ materials into finished products for consumption. A. rough B. crude C.
71、 raw D. originalBC111Translation1. _ (让她感到非常欣慰的是), her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.2. The general ordered us to get around to the rear of the enemy and _ _ (发起突然袭击).3. We had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might _ (陷入)in the mud.4. Obviously the reporters question _ _ (出其不意).To her great relieflaunch a surpriseattackget bogged downcaught him off guard112113
