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1、一二三四代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。代词在语篇中的作用非常重要,它是基于语篇层次上的一个语法范畴。语篇的连贯依靠衔接关系来建立,而代词在语篇中的上下文照应关系是语篇衔接的最重要手段之一。二三四一一、误用与漏用代词要和所指代的名词在性、数、人称上保持一致。有些动词有特殊用法,其后需要接物主代词或反身代词,此时不能漏用。1.物主代词英语中的物主代词根据句法功能分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。前者只能在句中作定语,后者可以在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。Theroomisntours.Itstheirs.Mycarisunderrepair.MayIuseyours?注意:名词性物主代词=形
2、容词性物主代词+名词Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.=Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyourpencilandtheblueoneismypencil.二三四一2.物主代词的漏用有些在英语中必须要用的物主代词在汉语中往往无须表达,注意此时不要漏掉英语中的物主代词。如:她做晚饭时弄伤了手指。误:Shecutfingerwhilecookingsupper.正:Shecutherfingerwhilecookingsupper.(3)有无物主代词意思的区别有些表达用不用物主代词都可以,但
3、是意思不一样,此时注意不要受相似结构和短语的影响而用错物主代词。如:不管你做什么你都不要灰心。误:Dontloseyourheartwhateveryoudo.正:Dontloseheartwhateveryoudo.loseheart与loseonesheart仅差一个物主代词,意思截然不同:前者意为“灰心、泄气”;后者意为“爱上、钟情于”。二三四一二、反身代词1.作动词的宾语常跟在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,behave等动词后作宾语。如:HeisteachinghimselfEnglish.他在自学英语。Heseat
4、edhimselfbythewindow.他在窗子旁坐下。Helpyourselftosomefruit.吃点水果吧。与反身代词连用的常见动词搭配如下:absentoneselffrom缺席accustomoneselfto热心于adaptoneselfto适应于addictoneselfin沉溺于二三四一amuseoneselfwith/by以自娱applyoneselfto致力于bendoneselfto热衷于breakoneselfof去掉习惯chargeoneselfwith承担concernoneselfwith关心;忙于confineoneselfto局限于devoteonesel
5、fto致力于dressoneselfin穿着engageoneselfin从事于engageoneselfto同订婚enjoyoneself过得愉快freeoneselfof摆脱二三四一giveoneselfto热衷于helponeselfto随意吃loseoneselfin入迷occupyoneselfwith从事prepareoneselffor准备ridoneselfof除去exposeoneselfto暴露于;遭受throwoneselfto投身于二三四一2.作介词的宾语常在by,for,to,of等介词后作宾语。byoneself单独地;独自地;靠自己tooneself独自享用,不与
6、他人共享foroneself为自己,代表自己;独自地ofitself自动地initself本身;本质上betweenourselves咱们私下说说(不足为外人道)cometooneself苏醒;恢复情绪saytooneself心里想talktooneself自言自语二三四一3.作主语或宾语的同位语,主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。如:Theworkitselfiseasy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语thework的同位语)DidyouseeMr.Wanghimself?你见过王先生本人吗?(himself作宾语Mr.Wang的同位语)4.作表语:在be,feel,l
7、ook,seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如:Imnotmyselftoday.今天我感觉不舒服。Iamfeelingmyselfagain.我觉得健康如昔。二三四一5.用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如:Helpyourself!请随便吃吧!请自己去取吧!Makeyourselfathome!别客气!Dontupsetyourself!别自寻烦恼!Makeyourselfheard/understood.使你的话被人听得见/理解。二三四一二三四一Icantfindmypen.Haveyouseenit?我找不到我的钢笔了,你看到过它吗?Icantfindmypen.I
8、thinkImustbuyone.我找不到我的钢笔了,我想我得去买一支。Iwantverymuchtoseethesefilms,especiallytheoneyoumentioned.我很想看这些电影,特别是你提到的那一部。Youretheonewhoknowswheretogo.只有你知道该到哪里去。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.北京的天气比广州的冷。Doyouknowtheoneswhomovedhererecently?你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?二三四一Itsuptoustohelpthoseinneed.我们有责
9、任帮助那些有困难的人。Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。二三四一四、it的用法it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。1.代指前文已提到过的一个事物。如:Thatvaseisvaluable.Itsmorethan200yearsold.那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。2.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可用it来表示。如:Itsalovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩?3.it作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地
10、点、距离等意义的句子中。如:Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.这里离最近的医院也有六英里。二三四一4.it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如:Howisitgoingwithyou?你近况如何?Whenitcomestosavingenergy,bigchangesstartwithsmallsteps,liketurningoffthelights.当提到节能的时候,大变化从细微的行动开始,比如随手关灯。5.it充当形式主语或形式宾语。it充当形式主语或形式宾语,本身无意义,只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、v.-
11、ing或名词性从句。如:Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantomakealiving.懒汉谋生是日益困难了。(it作形式主语)Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。(it作形式宾语)二三四一it充当形式宾语的句型结构主语+consider,regard,suppose,think,believe,make,feel,find,know+it+宾语补足语(名词或形容词)+todosth.it充当形式主语的常用句型Itta
12、kessb.sometime/money/troubletodosth.Itcostssb.somemoney/time/energy/labourtodosth.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.(形容词用来指明某事)Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.(形容词用来指明人的情况)Itisnogood/nouse/useless/worthwhile/fun/awasteoftime+v.-ingIt+be+过去分词+that.It+seems/appears/happens等不及物动词及短语+that.二三四一6.it用于强调结构。其基本句型为:It+is/was+被强调部分
13、+that/who+其他.。ItisIwhohavedoneit.是我做的这件事。ItwasatthattimethatIthoughtofgivinghimacall.直到那时我才想起要给他一个电话。7.it还可在介词后作宾语,再通过that引导宾语从句。常见的动词短语有seeto,relyon,dependon等。如:Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了,他们会支持你的。Theywillanswerforitthatthecomputerisreliable.他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。二三四一8.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(词组
14、),尤其是表示“好恶”等的心理方面的动词后。如:enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate等。即这些动词(词组)后的宾语从句前要加it。如:Ilikeitwhentheskyisclearandbrightinautumn.我喜欢秋高气爽的时候。.完成句子(高考真题变式训练)1.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.hereiswillingtolendyouahand.2.Whosthatatthedoor?isthemilkman.3.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein,knivesan
15、dforks.4.WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?.Illbeinallday.5.Susanmadecleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.6.Idappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.7.ShedlivedinLondonandManchester,butshelikedandmovedtoCambridge.Everyone/EverybodyItothersEitherititneither8.Anav
16、erageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.9.Asmilecosts,butgivesmuch.10.Toherjoy,Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenofhercolleagues.itnothingthat.单句改错1.IdreamconstantlythatI,alongwithmineclassmates,willstudyhappilywiththehelpoftherespectablepr
17、ofessors.2.Isincerelyhopeyoucangiveusachance.Imlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.3.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralBeijingishigherthanitinanyotherareaofthecity.4.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplevisitthePalaceMuseum,andmanyofthoseareforeigners.答案:minemy答案:usme答案:itthat答案:thosethem5.Peoplesaymoneyistherootofall
18、evils,butIbelievemoneyhimselfisnotbad.6.Weenjoyedverymuchatthepartylastnight.7.Variousanimalshaveshellsthatkeepthemselvesfrombeinghurt.8.Thereisapitythatsheisgoingtoleave,whichmakesusallverysad.9.Yes,whatisdifficulttofindajobnowadays,butwhatismoredifficultistotrytofindsuchagoodone.10.Youmaydependonthathewillturnupintime.答案:himselfitself答案:enjoyed后加ourselves答案:themselvesthem答案:ThereIt答案:第一个whatit答案:on后加it
