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1、修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语定语:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1） 2） 3）Beijing is the city that / which has got the chance to host
2、 the 2008 Olympic Games. Beijing the city get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.复习一复习一 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句
3、起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整。意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词 / 整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别的区别作作宾语宾语时可以时可以省略省略不可以不可以省略省略 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. He
4、r brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别的区别她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book , which I bought yesterday, is Harry
5、 Potter and the Order of Phoenix.有有有有thatthat，作，作，作，作宾语宾语宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略时可以省略时可以省略无无无无that ,that ,作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略 ，我昨天买的那本书是 哈里.波特与凤凰令1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式4.as 与与which的区别的区别5.指人时指人时that 与与who的区别的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语
6、从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点常见考点 1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。4. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词wh
7、o或者或者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that。只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyinth
8、eschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B
9、that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语
10、时，从句常常由句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。此时关引出。此时关系代词只能用系代词只能用which或或whom;不可用不可用that或或who代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting i
11、s from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能，也不能省略，常用省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以放在。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置主体，不作前置Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ?Fillingblanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is o
12、ur headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考点三考点三Whose用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词紧跟名词，构成构成名词短语名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，引导定语从句，其先行词其先行词不仅可不仅可以指人，还可以
13、指物。以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.
14、As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is考点四：考点四：3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两
15、者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用换，但下列情况多用as。1. 当与当与such或或the same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，与之连用的词之意，与之连用的词有有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we a
16、ll know, the earth is round.As I can remenber.As often happens.As we expect3.As引导的非限制性定从，即可在主句前，也可在主句后，还可在主句中。Which引导的只能放在主句后。1）As every one knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.2)The plan worked out very well, which is more than we could expect.Anyone _breaks the law is punished.punishmentThose _
17、break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时作先行词时,用用”who”代替代替“that”.考点五考点五:that与与who的区别的区别whowhowho 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在关系词在从句中充当的成分从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词
18、根据从句谓语判断：及物动词，后面无宾语，用关系代词不及物 副词This is the factory where he used to work.This is the factory that/which I visited last year. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once l
19、ived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjobisam 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ev
20、er been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman
21、,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses解题点拨解题点拨:是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim易混句型易混句型1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句2.定语从句与状语从句定语从句与状语从句1).a.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.b.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.2).a.Pleaseputthe
22、letterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.b.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.解题点拨解题点拨:(1) 状语从句中状语从句中的的thatthat 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中定语从句中的的asas在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。 (2)句句which引导的是定语从句修饰引导的是定语从句修饰名词名词drawerdrawer,而而where引导的是地点状语修饰引导的是地点状语修饰动词动词putput。thatas/in whi
23、chwherewhere3.定语从句与名词性从句定语从句与名词性从句1)a.Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.2)a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.3)a._isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.b.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.c._isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.b.Hedidwhathecouldtohelpme.b.Whatcanbedonehasbeendone.AsthatWhat
24、4.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1).a.Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.b.Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2).a.Imadeapromise_ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.b.Themothermadeapromise_pleasedallherchildren.that(that/which)that/whichthat解题点拨：解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制修饰或
25、限制；在句中；在句中作成份作成份( (作宾语省略作宾语省略),),指物时可用指物时可用whichwhich代替；而同位代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用在从句中仅起连接作用, ,不充当成份，不能省略不充当成份，不能省略, ,不能不能用用whichwhich代替。代替。 5.定语从句与强调句型定语从句与强调句型1)a.Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.b.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.2)a.Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning
26、.b.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning. 解题点拨：解题点拨：强调句型：强调句型：It is/was+ +被强调的成份被强调的成份+ +that/who+ +其它部分其它部分; ; 去掉去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立句子照样成立; ;而定语从句的而定语从句的引导词在句中要作引导词在句中要作成份成份。thatwherethatwhen2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situat
27、ion,case,scene时，一般用时，一般用where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是inwhich3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowan
28、tC、whowantsD、whatB7.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarIamnotinterested.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayissmall.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whoseABCD8.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD9.Wh
29、ichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB10.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD 12. Asmanymembers_werepresentagreedtotheplan.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.asD13.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.whatB14.Thisisthesa
30、mepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：比较：.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso.th
31、at后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句16._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB17.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatC19.Therearethr
32、eelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC20.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five _wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+ which /whom引导非限定性定语从句21.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some p
33、layers from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD解题思路解题思路:1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词词and, but等。等。
