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1、黄花桂黄花桂在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 l1.When we will start is not clear.l2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.l3. My idea is that we should do it right now.l4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类主语从句在复合句中作主句的主
2、语在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 不可不可省省),whether; 代词有代词有who, what ,which;副词副词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)Who w
3、ill win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：单数形式。常用句型如下：1）It + be + 名词名词（no wonder, an honor,
4、 a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that从句从句Its a pity that we cant go.Its no surprise that our team has won the game. (我们队赢得了比赛，这不足为奇。）我们队赢得了比赛，这不足为奇。）2）It + be + 形容词形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising , good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.+ that从句从句It is cer
5、tain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that he told her everything.3）It + be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (said, reported, supposed, believed, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc. ) + that从句从句 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is decided that the meeting has be
6、en put off till next Monday.4）It + 不及物动词不及物动词 + that 从句从句It didnt matter that he wasnt present. 注意注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有，常用的句型有：It is necessary /important, a pity/natural /strange, etc.) that Its strange that you should
7、 have done such a silly thing.Its a pity that you (should) be such a kind of person.We believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 常常可省略可省略
8、),whether,if; 代词有代词有who, whose,what ,which;副词副词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, recommand , be determined , require , 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that
9、 troops (should) set off at once. 但是但是, 如果如果suggest作作“表明、暗示表明、暗示”讲讲, insist作作“坚持说、坚持认为坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. He insisted that he didnt tell a lie.3)用whether或if引导的宾语从从句whether和和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互
10、换。但从句中有常可互换。但从句中有or not且且oror notnot紧紧跟在引导词后面时或介词后的宾语从句跟在引导词后面时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用中只能用whether引导引导。其它名词性从句，。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用只用whether. I dont know whether / if he will come or not .I dont know whether or not he will come. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表
11、示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. 3. 表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。 引导表语从句
12、的关联词与引导主语从句的引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用后，有时用as if, as though , because 引导。引导。其基本结构为：其基本结构为： 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + that从句从句 The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is b
13、ecause he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，当主语是需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语时，表语从句要用从句要用that引导而不是引导而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后等之后,用以说明
14、或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连引导词有连词词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如如 :1.The thought that we might success excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的
15、谓语动词等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用要用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略略 that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。能省略。 Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on t
16、ime made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.NC-AppositiveACNC
17、-AppositiveACNC-PredicativeNC-PredicativeAs a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. 【2010天津卷】 A. howB. what C. whenD. which考点一：考点一：that 在名词性从句中不充在名词性从句中不充当任何当任何 成分，而成分，而 what 可充当名词可充当名词性的成分。性的成分。【考点示例一】One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy acc
18、ess to places like shops and restaurants.【2010上海卷上海卷】 A. thatB. how C. whatD. why练习：练习：1.It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B . which C. whether D. that选选D, that引导主语从句，在从句中不作引导主语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，句子成分， it是形式主语是形式主语2. Many young people in the West are ex
19、pected to leave_ could be lifes most important decision- marriage- almost entirely up to luck. A. as B. that C. which D. what3. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves t
20、o be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which【考点示例二【考点示例二】 p What are
21、you anxious about? _. A. Whether we can succeed B. If we can succeed C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed考点二：在名词性从句中表示考点二：在名词性从句中表示“是否是否”这一概念时，这一概念时， 连词连词 if 一般只能引导动词后宾语从句。如果是主语一般只能引导动词后宾语从句。如果是主语 从句，表语从句，同位语从句，介词后的宾语从句，从句，表语从句，同位语从句，介词后的宾语从句， 接不定式接不定式 to do 或与或与 or not 连用都要用连用都要用 whether 连接，连接，即
22、如果表示即如果表示“是否是否”，选项中既，选项中既 有有if 又有又有 whether, 那么选那么选whether一定正确。一定正确。The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if【考点示例三【考点示例三】 lCould I speak to _ is in charge of Intern
23、ational Sales, please? 【2007 山东卷山东卷】 l A. anyoneB. someone C. whoeverD. no matter whoThe How To book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.【2009海南卷改编海南卷改编】 A. those whoB. whomever C. no matter whoD. whoever考点三：考点三：whoever 与与 those who; whoever, whatever 与与 no matter who, no matter what的区别。的区别。whoe
24、ver 引导名词性从句时表示引导名词性从句时表示“无论无论 哪一个哪一个”，相当于，相当于 anyone who，所，所以以 谓语动词用单数形式；谓语动词用单数形式；those who who 替代的是复数可数词，所以谓语替代的是复数可数词，所以谓语 词用复数形式。词用复数形式。 l wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句也可引导既可引导名词性从句也可引导 l 状语从句，而状语从句，而 no matter wh- 只能引只能引 l 导状语从句，即选项中如果有导状语从句，即选项中如果有 wh-ever l 也有也有 no matter wh-，wh-ever 选项选项 l 一定正确。一定正确。l._
25、 wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.l A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. WholC, 句意：任何一个想住旅馆的人必须支付自句意：任何一个想住旅馆的人必须支付自己的费用。己的费用。whoever 此处引导名词性从句，此处引导名词性从句， 相当于相当于anyone who; anyone和和 the one 后少后少who, who表特指，故排除。表特指，故排除。lThese wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save
26、them. lA. whatever B. that lC. which D. whichever【考点示例四【考点示例四】lMy mother said a few days later _ we might go to the countryside to spend the spring festival. l A. whereB. that l C. whatD. /考点四：如果考点四：如果 that 引导的宾语从句前有引导的宾语从句前有 插入语，连词插入语，连词 that 不应省略。不应省略。【考点示例五【考点示例五】lWhen changing lanes, a driver sh
27、ould use l his turning signal to let other drivers know _.【2010上海卷上海卷】 l A. he is entering which lane l B. which lane he is entering l C. is he entering which lane l D. which lane is he enteringlChristmas is coming. What present _ for you? l A. you expect she has got l B. you expect has she got l C.
28、 do you expect she has got l D. do you expect has she got考点五：从句中要用陈述语序，不用倒装 语序。1. The photographs will show you _.A.What does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will
29、 look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 【考点示例六【考点示例六】lWhat the doctors really doubt is _ my l mother will recover from the serious disease soon. l A. whenB. if l C. whetherD. that考点六：考点六：doubt 的用法，如果是肯定句的用法，如果是肯定句, 用用 whether / if，如果是否定句，用，如果是否定句，用
30、 that【考点示例七【考点示例七】 I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which Parents are taught to understand _important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so点考七：点考七： what 修饰名词或名词词组；修饰名词或名词词组； how 修饰形容词或副词。修饰形容词或
31、副词。【考点示例八【考点示例八】The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finishedB. be finished C. should finishD. finish考点八：主句当中有考点八：主句当中有“请求、要求、命令、建议、请求、要求、命令、建议、 愿望、万一、竟然愿望、万一、竟然”(常见动词：常见动词：suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, advise, recommend) 的语气时，的语气时， 从句中用从句中用 should 型虚拟
32、语气。型虚拟语气。Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to take C. must takeD. takel基本句型：基本句型： la. It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do lb. It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, essential + (should) do lc.
33、It is a pity, a shame + (should) dolHis suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. l A. tryB. tries l C. must tryD. can try 【考点示例九【考点示例九】I hate _ when I am free from work but it rains. A. thisB. that C. itD. one考点九：在考点九：在 like, hate, appreciate, cant help 等动词后，用等动词后，用 it 代替后面由代替后面由 when / if 引导的从句。引导的从句。
