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1、国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Unit 4Tradition and ProgressBook 4国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Think and DiscussViewing the WorldExploring the ThemeAnalytical ListeningSharing Your IdeasEngagingFurther ListeningContent国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Think and DiscussUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressThink a
2、nd DiscussQuestionsA man in Alaska uses a laptop computer while sitting on a snowbank.1. What is interesting or surprising about this photo?2. What does the word progress mean to you?3. What traditions are important to you? What would happen if these traditions disappeared?Think and DiscussExample A
3、nswers Its interesting that a man in a very remote place is using modern technology. Its surprising that he seems quite comfortable in such a cold, outdoor setting.Questions1. What is interesting or surprising about this photo?Think and DiscussExample Answers To me, the word progress means moving fo
4、rward or improving. It might refer to technological progress, for example, more and more people have Internetaccess; political progress, for example, a government is becoming less corrupt and more just; or perhaps personal progress, for example, someone is becoming more educated or getting a better
5、job.Questions2. What does the word progress mean to you?Think and DiscussExample Answers Some of the Chinese cultural traditions like celebrating the Chinese New Year and the Moon Festival in autumn are important to me. If these traditions disappeared, I wouldnt feel as full. I would miss feeling co
6、nnected to my family and my culture.Questions3. What traditions are important to you? What would happen if these traditions disappeared?国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Exploring the ThemeUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressExploring the ThemeTradition and Progresshunter-gatherer n. （依靠打猎捕鱼和采集果实为生的）狩猎采集者monastery n. 寺院Ex
7、ploring the ThemeA | Look at the photos and read the captions. Then discuss the questions.A teenager learns to play a new sportbasketballnear hishome in Batsumber, Mongolia.Tradition and ProgressExploring the ThemeFemale weavers work in Chinchero, Peru. The weavers keep their traditional weaving ski
8、lls alive by using them in a modern wayto earn money to support their families and their town.Tradition and ProgressExploring the ThemeThe Hadza people of Tanzania are one of the last hunter-gatherer groups on Earth. Today, their traditional way of life is changing.Tradition and ProgressExploring th
9、e ThemeA woman in Kyoto, Japan shops for food alongwith her helper, a talking robot.Tradition and ProgressExploring the ThemeA monk talks on a cell phone at a monastery in India.Tradition and ProgressExploring the ThemeDiscuss the questions.1. Which of these photos do you find the most interesting?
10、Why?2. Why would people want to keep their traditions?3. How do you think life has changed for these people over the last 10 years?Tradition and ProgressExploring the ThemeExample Answers 1 I find the large photo the most interesting because basketball is not a traditional sport in Mongolia. They do
11、nt have the proper equipment, but they have found a way to enjoy the game.Tradition and Progress1. Which of these photos do you find the most interesting? Why?Exploring the ThemeExample Answers 2 I find the photo of the women in Peru the most interesting because they are wearing colorful and unusual
12、 clothing. I find the photo of the Hadza people the most interesting because even though they appear to live in a dry climate, they find enough food to live on.Tradition and Progress1. Which of these photos do you find the most interesting? Why?Exploring the ThemeExample Answers 3 I find the photo f
13、rom Japan the most interesting because it features a robot that appears to be helping people to do their grocery shopping.Tradition and Progress1. Which of these photos do you find the most interesting? Why? I find the photo of the monk in India the most interesting because even though he is in a ve
14、ry remote place, he is able to use a cell phone to communicate.Exploring the ThemeExample Answers People might want to keep their traditions because those traditions connect them to their ancestors as well as the places where they live. Some traditions, such as holiday celebrations, are also very en
15、joyable, so people keep them because theyre a lot of fun.Tradition and Progress2. Why would people want to keep their traditions?Exploring the ThemeExample Answers For the people in the photos, life has probably changed in several different ways over the last 10 years. For some, their traditions may
16、 be difficult to keep. For example, the Hadza people live in a very old way, and it may have become more and more difficult to keep their way of life due to changes of the environment. Tradition and Progress3. How do you think life has changed for these people over the last 10 years?To be continued
17、Exploring the ThemeExample Answers (continued) For other people, for example the ones in Mongolia, Peru, and India, international culture and technology have entered their lives. In more developed countries such as Japan, the role of high-tech has begun to play an increasingly greater role in people
18、s lives.Tradition and Progress3. How do you think life has changed for these people over the last 10 years?国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Analytical ListeningUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressAnalytical ListeningListening 1 The flag of BhutanBhutan Fast FactsPopulation: 722,000 (2012)Capital: ThimphuArea: 14,824 squa
19、re miles(38,394 square kilometers)Analytical ListeningListening 1 Children play video games in a Thimphu caf.Analytical ListeningListening 1 Sompel 颂佩尔（人名）monarchy n. 君主制pillar n. 非常重要的部分transition v. 过渡，转变anticipate v. 预期，预料Analytical ListeningA | Predicting Content. Look at the flag of Bhutan and
20、read the information about Bhutan. Then answer the questions with a partner.Listening 1 1. What image do you see on Bhutans flag? What do you think it means?2. Do you think Bhutan is a modern country?3. Bhutan is trying to measure its Gross National Happiness. What do you think this phrase means?Ana
21、lytical ListeningListening 1 Example AnswersOn Bhutans flag, I can see a dragon on a background of two colorsyellow and orange. The colors are divided diagonally down the middle. The flag may symbolize two aspects of the country that have equal importance, while the dragon is an important mythical c
22、reature in many Asian countries1. What image do you see on Bhutans flag? What do you think it means?Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example Answers I think Bhutan is a modern country because I heard that its government has progressive policies that improve the well-being of its citizens. I dont thin
23、k Bhutan is a modern country because it doesnt have any big cities, and it doesnt play an important role in world affairs.2. Do you think Bhutan is a modern country?Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example AnswersGross National Happiness reminds me of the phrase Gross National Product (GNP), which me
24、asures the size of a countrys economy. So similarly, maybe Gross National Happiness measures how much happiness all of Bhutanese people can get from their lives.3. Bhutan is trying to measure its Gross National Happiness. What do you think this phrase means?Analytical ListeningA | Listening for Main
25、 Ideas. Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen to a students presentation about the country of Bhutan and choose the correct answers. A Student PresentationListening 1 1.Why did Bhutan reject the modern world? a. Because using technology was against the law.b. Because the government want
26、ed to avoid negative influences.c. Because the people believed they didnt need any technology.bAnalytical ListeningA | Listening for Main Ideas. Listening 1 2. What government change is happening in Bhutan?a. Bhutan is moving toward democracy.b. Bhutan is becoming an absolute monarchy.c. The king is
27、 taking away many of the peoples powers.3. Why does Sompel say that cultural preservation is a challenge for Bhutan?a. Because half of its population is under the age of 30.b. Because many people in Bhutan cant read or write.c. Because Bhutan produces movies about cultural issues.aaAnalytical Listen
28、ingA | Listening for Main Ideas. Listening 1 4. What is Sompels attitude about Bhutans future?a. It is confusing to him.b. It makes him feel sad.c. He is hopeful.cAnalytical ListeningListening 1 B | Completing an Idea Map. Listen to part of the presentation again. Complete the idea map with informat
29、ion from the presentation.gooddevelopment,environmentalculturalkingcountry68 percentforestsTV channelsharmfulAnalytical ListeningListening 1 Critical Thinking. Form a group with another pair of students. Discuss the questions.1. Do you think that the decision to open up Bhutan to the modern world wa
30、s a correct decision? Why or why not?2. Bhutanese people were able to watch TV for the first time in 1999. If it had been your decision to make, which television programs would have been shown first? Which ones would have been shown later or not at all? Give reasons for your decisions.3. What does a
31、 government have to do to make sure its citizens are happy? Brainstorm some ideas with your group.Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example Answers 1 I do think the decision to open up Bhutan to the modern world was a good decision because now the country has better education, communication, and arts
32、than it had before.1. Do you think that the decision to open up Bhutan to the modern world was a correct decision? Why or why not?Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example Answers 2 I dont think the decision to open up Bhutan to the modern world was a good decision because now Bhutan has problems it d
33、id not have before, including gangs, crime, and drugs.1. Do you think that the decision to open up Bhutan to the modern world was a correct decision? Why or why not?Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example AnswersIf I had made the decision on which TV programs would be shown first in Bhutan, I would
34、have chosen educational shows such as the news, nature programs, and historical programs. These would have been important for decreasing the countrys isolation and improving the knowledge of its citizens. 2. Bhutanese people were able to watch TV for the first time in 1999. If it had been your decis
35、ion to make, which television programs would have been shown first? Which ones would have been shown later or not at all? Give reasons for your decisions.To be continued Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example Answers (continued)And if I had made the decision on which TV programs would be shown late
36、r or not at all in Bhutan, I would have chosen programs that use murder and other crimes for entertainment purposes. In an isolated country such as Bhutan, viewers might not have had enough knowledge of the media to dismiss that kind of subject matter as fictional. 2. Bhutanese people were able to w
37、atch TV for the first time in 1999. If it had been your decision to make, which television programs would have been shown first? Which ones would have been shown later or not at all? Give reasons for your decisions.Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example AnswersThings a government can do to insure i
38、ts citizens are happy include making sure everyone can make enough money to meet their basic needs and get good medical care when theyre sick, having adequate transportation and communication systems to allow people to participate in the modern world,3. What does a government have to do to make sure
39、 its citizens are happy? Brainstorm some ideas with your group.To be continued Analytical ListeningListening 1 Example Answers (continued)and protecting the environment so that people have clean air to breathe and clean water to drink.3. What does a government have to do to make sure its citizens ar
40、e happy? Brainstorm some ideas with your group.Analytical ListeningA Student PresentationTeacher: OK, class, lets get started with the first presentation. Sompel has prepared a short presentation about his home country of Bhutan. Go ahead, Sompel.To be continued Listening 1 Analytical ListeningSompe
41、l: Thanks. Um, hi, everybody! You know that my name is Sompel, but you may not know that Im from Bhutan. Bhutan is a small country high in the Himalaya Mountainsbetween Indiaand China. In our language, Bhutan is known as Druk Yul, which in English is land, land of the thunder dragon. The dragon is e
42、ven displayed on our flag. For many years, my country was isolated from the world, partly due to its geography its surrounded by high mountainsbut also because of government policies.To be continued Listening 1 Analytical ListeningOur government had always been a, an absolute monarchy, I mean, gover
43、nment headed by a king with unlimited power. Anyway, until very recently, Bhutan had no electricity, no cars or trucks, no telephones, and no postal service. You may be surprised to learn that in Bhutan people have only had television since 1999. It was the last country on Earth to get it. You may b
44、e wondering: Why did Bhutan reject the modern world for so long? To be continued Listening 1 Analytical ListeningWell, the government was trying to protect the people from negative influences such as high crime rates, youth violence, and pollution. But the king has admitted that the policy of isolat
45、ion had many negative consequences. For example, the education system definitely fell behind. Some people never learned to read and write. Then, one of our kings began opening up Bhutan to the outside world, and our current king has continued the process. There are new roads, schools, and health cli
46、nics. The king doesnt want to open up the country all at once to the outside world and risk ruining it. He wants our countrys development to be guided by, now let me think, oh, yes, Gross National Happiness.To be continued Listening 1 Analytical ListeningTeacher: Sompel, sorry to interrupt, before y
47、ou continue, could you define Gross National Happiness for the class, please?Sompel: Um, sure. How should I put it? Well, youve probably heard of Gross National Product, which is a phrase that refers to the dollar value of all the goods and services produced by a country over a period of time. Its o
48、ne way of measuring a countrys success. But Gross National Happiness is different. Actually, one of our kings invented the phrase Gross National Happiness. To be continued Listening 1 Analytical ListeningIts the approach the country takes to the domestic development of Bhutanto help make sure that t
49、he people are always happy with their lives and with the country. There are four parts, um, four “pillars”, to this approach: good government, sustainable development, environmental protection, and cultural preservation. So, for good government, the king puts the needs of the country first. In fact,
50、 even though the people love him, he gave away most of his power to the people in 2006. Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningThats when the country transitioned to democracy. The king still has an important role, but he no longer has absolute power. Real power belongs to the people and th
51、e officials that we elect. Sustainable development means that we help our country grow without damaging the environment. And the pillar of environmental protection is closely related to sustainable development, too. Agriculture is veryimportant in Bhutan, and we are trying to find new ways to farm w
52、ithout hurting the environment. Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningAlso, the government wants to keep 68 percent of the land covered in forests. Cultural preservation the last pillaris a challenge though. Half of Bhutans population is in their twenties or younger, and the government ant
53、icipates that some young people will get involved with gangs, crime, or drugs, for example. The government has banned television channels that they think are harmful. Even so, youth gangs are growing. Theft, which was not very common before, is also rising. On the other hand, there is a positive sid
54、e to all of the changes.Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningIn a mountainous country such as Bhutan, communication technologiesfor instance, mobile phones and the Internet allow people to communicate more easily than ever before. And it seems that the arts are really moving ahead. Twenty
55、 years ago Bhutan had never produced a movie, but these days we produce over 20 a year. And some movies have even displayed the difficulties that Bhutan has had with the challenges of the modern world. These types of movies are important. They can help us explore the contradictions that have come wi
56、th our changing culture.Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningTeacher: Sompel, how do you view Bhutans future?Sompel: Well Im hopeful about Bhutans future, and Im glad that the approach of Gross National Happiness is helping to make sure that we dont lose our beautiful environment and the
57、best parts ofour ancient culture.Listening 1 Analytical ListeningSompel: Um, sure. How should I put it? Well, youve probably heard of Gross National Product, which is a phrase that refers to the dollar value of all the goods and services produced by a country over a period of time. Its one way of me
58、asuring a countrys success. But Gross National Happiness is different. Actually, one of our kings invented the phrase Gross National Happiness. Its the approachthe country takes to the domestic development of Bhutanto help make sure that the people are always happy with their lives and with the coun
59、try.Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningThere are four parts, um, four “pillars”, to this approach: good government, sustainable development, environmental protection, and cultural preservation. So, for good government, the king puts the needs of the country first. In fact, even though t
60、he people love him, he gave away most of his power to the people in 2006. Thats when the country transitioned to democracy. The king still has an important role, but he no longer has absolute power. Real power belongs to thepeople and the officials that we elect. Sustainable development means that w
61、e help our country grow without damaging the environment. And the pillar of environmental protection is closely related to sustainable development, too.Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningAgriculture is very important in Bhutan, and we are trying to find new ways to farm without hurting
62、the environment. Also, the government wants to keep 68 percent of the land covered in forests. Cultural preservation the last pillaris a challenge though. Half of Bhutans population is in their twenties or younger, and the government anticipates that some young people will get involved with gangs, c
63、rime, or drugs, for example. The government has banned television channels that they think are harmful. Even so, youth gangs are growing. Theft, which was not very common before, is also rising.Listening 1 To be continued Analytical ListeningOn the other hand, there is a positive side to all of the
64、changes. In a mountainous country such as Bhutan, communication technologiesfor instance, mobile phones and the Internetallow people to communicate more easily than ever before. And it seems that the arts are really moving ahead. Twenty years ago Bhutan had never produced a movie, but these days we
65、produce over 20 a year. And some movies have even displayed the difficulties that Bhutan has had with the challenges of the modern world. These types of movies are important. They can help us explore the contradictions that have come with our changing culture.Listening 1 Analytical ListeningListenin
66、g 2 highlight v. 强调redwood n. 红杉（生长在俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州）Analytical ListeningListening 2 Native Americans: a term for the many ethnic groups who lived in the U.S. before explorers and settlers arrived from Europe. Early European explorers mistakenly called them Indians, and this name is still used by some pe
67、ople. There are many different groups and languages, many of which survive in some form in the present day. 美洲土著居民Analytical ListeningListening 2 InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness: an area of land in the U.S. state of California which was established in 1997 and placed under the control of the Sinkyon
68、e ethnic group of Native Americans 跨部落辛克湾原野Analytical ListeningListening 2 Seminole people: an ethnic group of Native American people who live in the U.S. states of Florida and Oklahoma 塞米诺尔人Analytical ListeningListening 2 Big Cypress Swamp: a large swamp in the U.S. state of Florida. It is home to
69、a wide variety of plants and animals, including orchids, alligators, venomous (有毒的) snakes, bears, panthers, and a wide variety of birds. 大赛普里斯沼泽Analytical ListeningListening 2 Native American groups wear traditional clothing at a celebration.Analytical ListeningListening 2 The InterTribal Sinkyone
70、Wilderness areaAnalytical ListeningPredicting Content. You are going to listen to a study group discussion about Native Americans. Work with a partner and answer the questions.Listening 2 1. How many Native Americans do you think there are in the United States?2. What specific aspects do you think t
71、hey will discuss about Native Americans?Analytical Listening Example Answers I guess less than five percent of the population in the United States is Native American. Since the total population of the U.S. is around 300 million, that would be around 15 million Native Americans. (Note: According to t
72、he 2010 census, around five million people in the U.S. identified themselves as Native Americans, so less than two percent of the total population.)Listening 2 1. How many Native Americans do you think there are in the United States?Analytical Listening Example Answers The study group will probably
73、discuss aspects of traditional Native American culture as well as their views on the environment. Listening 2 2. What specific aspects do you think they will discuss about Native Americans?Analytical ListeningA Study Group DiscussionA | Listening for Main Ideas. Read the questions and answer choices
74、. Then listen to the group discussion and choose the correct answers.Listening 2 1. What is the main topic of the discussion?a. The poor condition of Native American reservations.b. How Native Americans are restoring their lands to their original condition.c. Conflicts over land ownership between Na
75、tive Americans and European Americans.bAnalytical ListeningA | Listening for Main Ideas. Listening 2 2. Originally, what was the attitude of the United States government toward Native American culture and traditions?a. The government wanted to change them.b. The government was sorry for damaging the
76、m.c. The government supported them.3. According to the discussion, what is an important source of revenue for the Native Americans?a. Donations from people who support their cause.b. Money provided by the United States government.c. Revenue from businesses on their reservations.acAnalytical Listenin
77、gB | Note-Taking. Listen again and complete the notes. Listening 2 Background 300 Native American _ in the U.S.U.S. forced them to adopt _Most reservations located _ of Miss. RiverLand not suitable for _1970: U.S. granted right to run various _Used money to _reservationsAmerican traditions and langu
78、agewestagriculturebusinessesimprove lands and undertake other projectsAnalytical ListeningB | Note-Taking. Listen again and complete the notes. Listening 2 InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness AreaFounded on the _ , north of San FranciscoAccess very _Gather food, have religious _ hereBig Cypress SwampOwn
79、ed by the Seminole group in _Bringing back _ that used to live thereRemoving _ that werent there originallycoastlimitedceremoniesFloridaanimalsplantsAnalytical ListeningListening 2 Student to Student 待删待删 Asking for ClarificationDuring a conversation, discussion, or a lecture, we may need to ask for
80、 clarification when we do not understand something. We may also need to ask speakers to define a word for us. Here are some expressions we can use to ask for a definition or for clarification. (Sorry,) What does . mean? What (exactly) is . ? What do you mean by . ? Could you explain . (for me, pleas
81、e)?Analytical ListeningListening 2 Discussion. Discuss the questions with your partner.1. Describe the Native Americans relationship with nature. Does your culture have any traditions or beliefs related to nature? If it does, how?2. The Native Americans are removing plants from the Big Cypress Swamp
82、 that were not there originally. How did these plants get into the swamp? Share your ideas with your partner.Analytical Listening Example Answers According to the conversation, Native Americans believe in living in harmony with the land, the plants, and the animals. They have a lot of knowledge abou
83、t these things, and nature plays a part in their traditions and their religion, too.Listening 2 1. Describe the Native Americans relationship with nature. Does your culture have any traditions or beliefs related to nature? If it does, how?To be continued Analytical Listening Example Answers (continu
84、ed) Also in Chinese culture, since the ancient times, Chinese people advocated “harmony between human and nature”. However, with the development of economy, this is more and more difficult to realize. Chinese people will not stop the pursuit of a harmonious relationship between human beings and natu
85、re no matter how hard it is.Listening 2 1. Describe the Native Americans relationship with nature. Does your culture have any traditions or beliefs related to nature? If it does, how?Analytical Listening Example Answers Both plant and animal species can be transported by people to places where they
86、didnt originally live. For example, a new kind of plant might be brought to an area by immigrants or by companies that sell it. If species do well in the new place, they may compete with the local species and be called “invasive species”.Listening 2 2. The Native Americans are removing plants from t
87、he Big Cypress Swamp that were not there originally. How did these plants get into the swamp? Share your ideas with your partner.Analytical ListeningListening 2 Critical Thinking FocusEvaluating Numbers and StatisticsWhen we hear a speaker say a number or statistic, we can try to evaluate the number
88、 by asking ourselves questions. For example:Is this a large or a small number?What percentage of the total is it?Is it larger or smaller than I expected?Does this number seem accurate?Analytical ListeningA Study Group DiscussionJose: So, are you all ready to review for the test?Matt: Yes.Amina: Sure
89、.Jose: What should we review first?Amina: I think we should start with the chapter on Native Americans. There is a lot of information in that chapter.Lauren: Oh, definitely. Listening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningJose: OK. So what do you think were the most important facts from that chapter
90、?Matt: Well, I found the whole chapter interesting. You know, when I was growing up, we didnt learn much about Native Americans in school.Amina: Me, neither. I had no idea that there are more than 300 Native American reservations in the United States, did you?Listening 2 To be continued Analytical L
91、isteningJose: No, I definitely didnt. And I wasnt aware that the reservations only make up two percent of the total land area of the United States. I thought it was a lot more.Matt: Really?Lauren: Well, just think, thats only a small portion of the land they used to have.Jose: Yes. And it seems that
92、 the land is very important to them. Its a big part of their culture and traditions.Listening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningAmina: Right. Native Americans believe in living in harmony with the land, the plants, and the animals. They have a lot of knowledge about these things.Jose: I think th
93、e chapter said that nature was part of their traditions and their religion, too.Listening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningMatt: Uh-huh. And then the federal government took away their land.Amina: And they were forced to adopt American traditions and language. It must have been very hard for th
94、em.Matt: What did Professor Hawkins say about the reservation lands? That most of them are west of the Mississippi River?Lauren: Yeah, and he highlighted the fact that the land in a lot of reservations is really dry and not suitable for agriculture. For a long time, the people who lived there lived
95、in bad economic conditions.Listening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningJose: I didnt realize that. So, when did things begin to get better?Amina: I think Professor Hawkins said it was around 1970 when the federal governmentor the Supreme Court, maybegranted Native Americans the right to run vari
96、ous businesses on their reservations.Matt: Right, and the money from their businesses has enabled them to improve their lands and undertake other big projects. The chapter mentioned a good examplethe InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness area.Listening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningAmina: Wheres t
97、hat place again?Lauren: Um, its on the coast north of San Francisco, California.Matt: Exactly. It was founded in 1997 by a group of Native Americans who want the land to be as wild as possible. Theres very limited access to the area. There arent even any roads goingthrough it.Amina: I wonder why.Lis
98、tening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningMatt: Well, they want to save the land for traditional cultural uses. Our book said that from the perspective of the people who live there, the coast and the redwood forests are sacred. Thats where they gather food and medicine and hold their religious ce
99、remonies.Lauren: Theres another example I know about. A Native American group down in Floridaum, the Seminole peopleare using their money to restore part of the Big Cypress Swamp, a place thats sacred to their people. Theyre bringing back animals that used to live there, and theyre removing plants t
100、hat werent there at the time of their ancestors.Listening 2 To be continued Analytical ListeningJose: Thats neat! Its great that theyre trying to protect and regain some of their old traditions.Amina: Yes, thats an awesome objective. I hope theyre successful. Matt: Me, too. That seems like a good re
101、view of this chapter, right?Lauren: Yes, that covers everything. Lets move on to the next topic.Listening 2 国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Sharing Your IdeasUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressSharing Your IdeasLanguage FunctionUsing FillersWhen we speak, we sometimes forget a word or need a moment to think about what
102、we want to say next. In these situations, we use fillers to fill the gaps in the conversation.Informal More Formal. umm . . let me think . oh, you know . . just a moment . hang on . . how should I put it . its on the tip of my tongue . . oh, whats the word .Sharing Your IdeasA | Work with a partner.
103、 Your partner will choose a country or a city where he or she has lived. Interview your partner to determine the Gross National Happiness of the country or city. Read each question to your partner. Mark your partners answer wit h a check (). Then switch roles.Gross National HappinessYesNoPillar 1: G
104、ood Government1. Does the government respond to the needs of the people? 2. Does the government treat people fairly and with equality? 3. Is the governments use of money, property, and other resources efficient? Sharing Your IdeasGross National HappinessYesNoPillar 2: Sustainable Development1. Do mo
105、st people enjoy their jobs? 2. Do most jobs provide enough money to live on? 3. Do most companies protect workers from dangerous working conditions? Pillar 3: Environmental Protection1. Are levels of pollution, noise, and traffic acceptable? 2. Are there parks or natural areas available to the publi
106、c? 3. Are there areas set aside for nature? Sharing Your IdeasGross National HappinessYesNoPillar 4: Cultural Preservation1. Do people try to maintain traditions along with new practices? 2. Are old buildings restored and valued? 3. Do young people value and respect the older generations? Sharing Yo
107、ur IdeasB | Discussion. With your partner, discuss the questions from exercise A. Take notes on your partners responses. If you answered no for any question, explain why you chose that answer. Use fillers to allow yourself extra time to answer. Pillar 1: _ _Pillar 2: _ _Pillar 3: _ _Pillar 4: _ _Sha
108、ring Your IdeasB | Discussion. With your partner, discuss the questions from exercise A. Take notes on your partners responses. If you answered no for any question, explain why you chose that answer. Use fillers to allow yourself extra time to answer. Example Answers 1 Pillar 1 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. No (
109、The government has a lot ofoh, whats the wordbureaucracy, so it always takes a long time to do anything.)Sharing Your IdeasB | Discussion. With your partner, discuss the questions from exercise A. Take notes on your partners responses. If you answered no for any question, explain why you chose that
110、answer. Use fillers to allow yourself extra time to answer. Example Answers 2 Pillar 2 1. Yes 2. No (There are many people who work hard, but um do not make enough money to survive. In some families, everyone works, including the children.) 3. YesSharing Your IdeasB | Discussion. With your partner,
111、discuss the questions from exercise A. Take notes on your partners responses. If you answered no for any question, explain why you chose that answer. Use fillers to allow yourself extra time to answer. Example Answers 3 Pillar 3 1. No (Bangkok is a crowded and polluted city with a lot of traffic jam
112、s and oh, you know, noise.) 2. Yes 3. No (As a crowded tourist city, I dont think there are any wilderness areas in Bangkok.)Sharing Your IdeasB | Discussion. With your partner, discuss the questions from exercise A. Take notes on your partners responses. If you answered no for any question, explain
113、 why you chose that answer. Use fillers to allow yourself extra time to answer. Example Answers 4 Pillar 4 1. Yes 2. Yes (Especially Buddhist temples.) 3. Yes (This is an important part of Thai culture.)Sharing Your IdeasC | With Share your Gross National Happiness interviews with the class. Who in
114、the class said yes to most questions? Who in the class said no to most questions? Talk about the answers with your class. Sharing Your IdeasC | With Share your Gross National Happiness interviews with the class. Who in the class said yes to most questions? Who in the class said no to most questions?
115、 Talk about the answers with your class. Example Answers My partner said yes to most of the questions. He lived in Bangkok, Thailand, and he only answered no to four questions. First, he said that the government isnt very efficient. Thats because it has a lot of bureaucracy, and My partner said no t
116、o most of the questions. She lived in Linfen, China, and she only answered yes to three questions. She said that pollution is a real problem there Sharing Your IdeasD | Critical Thinking. Form a group with another pair of students. Discuss the questions. 1. Usually people regard GDP as the measure o
117、f a countrys prosperity, however, Bhutan measures prosperity by gauging its citizens happiness levels. Whats your view on this?2. Some people say that Gross National Happiness in Bhutan is a big idea from a tiny state that could change the world. Do you agree with it? Why or why not?3. How do you ga
118、uge the happiness and well-being of a country? If you could add one pillar, what would it be?Sharing Your Ideas Example Answers 1 I think that Gross National Happiness is a good way to measure a countrys prosperity because a country is made up of people. If more of those people are happy, then the c
119、ountry is doing its job successfully. 1. Usually people regard GDP as the measure of a countrys prosperity, however, Bhutan measures prosperity by gauging its citizens happiness levels. Whats your view on this?Sharing Your Ideas Example Answers 2 I dont think that Gross National Happiness is a good
120、way to measure a countrys prosperity because it doesnt take several things into account, including the economy.1. Usually people regard GDP as the measure of a countrys prosperity, however, Bhutan measures prosperity by gauging its citizens happiness levels. Whats your view on this?Sharing Your Idea
121、s Example Answers 1 I agree because the idea of Gross National Happiness gives us all a different way to think about our own country. That new idea could change the world.2. Some people say that Gross National Happiness in Bhutan is a big idea from a tiny state that could change the world. Do you ag
122、ree with it? Why or why not?Sharing Your Ideas Example Answers 2 I disagree because a lot of the worlds people equate success with money, and theyre not very concerned with peoples happiness. If the economy isnt strong, many people will think of the country as a failure.2. Some people say that Gross
123、 National Happiness in Bhutan is a big idea from a tiny state that could change the world. Do you agree with it? Why or why not?Sharing Your Ideas Example Answers 1 I might add the pillar of education for everyone because a country cant solve its problems and make progress unless the majority of its
124、 people have a good education.3. How do you gauge the happiness and well-being of a country? If you could add one pillar, what would it be?Sharing Your Ideas Example Answers 2 I might add the pillar of technological equality because in the modern world, having access to technology affects many aspec
125、ts of life.3. How do you gauge the happiness and well-being of a country? If you could add one pillar, what would it be?Sharing Your IdeasCongratulating the GroupIf we feel our group has done a good job on a task, we can use these expressions to congratulate everyone. Nice job, everybody! We make a
126、great team! Great going, gang! Way to go, guys!国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Viewing the WorldUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressViewing the WorldFarm RestorationViewing the WorldDale Aden 戴尔. 阿当（人名）Okabena 奥卡贝纳地区soak v. 浸泡prairie n. （尤指北美洲的）大草原drainage n. 排水系统tile n. （排水的）瓦管rotation n. 轮作制Viewing the WorldReinvest i
127、n Minnesota (RIM): a government program in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was established in 1986 to support private landowners who help preserve endangered plants or animals, or the areas important to their survival. 美国明尼苏 达州政府设立的土地休耕补贴项目Viewing the WorldThe Reinvest in Minnesota project helps far
128、mers returntheir farmland to a natural state.Viewing the WorldA | Meaning from Context. Read the sentences. Notice the underlined words and phrases. You will hear them in the video.Before Viewing 1. I had an epiphanyits more important to be happy than to be successful.2. The area around Tintagel Cas
129、tle in the United Kingdom experiences erosion as the sea takes more rock and soil each year.3. When the actress died, she left 1,000 acres of land for a wildlife reservea legacy for nature lovers to enjoy for many years in the future.Viewing the WorldA | Meaning from Context. Read the sentences. Not
130、ice the underlined words and phrases. You will hear them in the video.Before Viewing 4. Marginal farmland is difficult to farm and does not produce a lot of crops.5. During long, dry summers, many forests in California become susceptible to fire.6. The flooding of the Mississippi River took its toll
131、 on riverside towns and washed away houses and farms.Viewing the WorldB | Using a Dictionary. Match each word or phrase from exercise A with its definition. Before Viewing 1. epiphany (n.) 2. erosion (n.) 3. legacy (n.) 4. marginal (a.) 5. susceptible to (a.) 6. took its toll (v.)a. land or money gi
132、ven to future generationsb. to have a bad effect or do a lot of damagec. likely to be affected byd. a moment of sudden understandinge. not very usefulf. the removal of soil or rock by wind or waterdfaecbViewing the WorldA | Read the questions and answer choices. Then watch the video about farm resto
133、ration and choose the correct answers. Before Viewing To be continued 1. What problem did Okabena Creek cause for farmer Dale Aden?a. There wasnt enough water in it for farming.b. It sometimes flooded part of his farmland.c. He couldnt use the water because it was polluted.bViewing the WorldBefore V
134、iewing 2. What was Dale Adens epiphany about his marginal farmland?a. He realized that he could farm more corn and soybeans on it.b. He realized that he could stop farming it if someone would buy it.c. He realized that he could return the land to wildlife.3. What does the program Reinvest in Minneso
135、ta do?a. It buys marginal farmland from farmers for wildlife.b. It helps farmers make their land more productive.c. It buys corn and soybeans to help farmers buy land.caViewing the WorldBefore Viewing 4. What is Adens marginal farmland used for today?a. It is used for farming only during dry years.b
136、. It is returned to a natural state for wildlife to live on.c. It is used to build a nature park.bViewing the WorldB | Read the sentences. Then watch the video again and complete the sentences with no more than three words. Before Viewing 1. Aden said that he was a _ on this land.2. For many years,
137、Aden watched helplessly as _ flooded its banks and soaked his crops.3. Aden said that it would take _ to pay for the lost crop.4. Adens friend planted prairie grass that will soon provide _.third-generation farmerthe creekanother five yearscover for animalsViewing the WorldB | Read the sentences. Th
138、en watch the video again and complete the sentences with no more than three words. Before Viewing 5. Aden calls the sound of birds singing “_”.6. Aden couldnt be _ for the way his marginal land has turned out.musichappierViewing the WorldCritical Thinking. Form a group with two or three other studen
139、ts. Discuss the questions.Before Viewing 1. The government program Reinvest in Minnesota pays farmers such as Dale Aden for their farmland. Do you think this program is a good idea? Why or why not?2. In this video, Dale Aden returned his land to a natural state. What are some possible positive and n
140、egative effects this could have? Brainstorm these effects with your group.3. Do you know any similar examples in China? Given a chance, would you persuade some Chinese farmers to return their farmland to a natural state?Viewing the World Example Answers 1 I do think its a good idea because having a
141、healthy environment is beneficial to everyone, so it makes sense for the government to support wildlife projects.Before Viewing 1. The government program Reinvest in Minnesota pays farmers such as Dale Aden for their farmland. Do you think this program is a good idea? Why or why not?Viewing the Worl
142、d Example Answers 2 I dont think its a good idea because government money should pay for projects that benefit the public more directly, for example, public housing or transportation projects. Before Viewing 1. The government program Reinvest in Minnesota pays farmers such as Dale Aden for their far
143、mland. Do you think this program is a good idea? Why or why not?Viewing the World Example Answers Some of the positive effects might include a healthier and more pleasant environment as well as fewer agricultural chemicals being used on land that may or may not produce crops. Some of the negative ef
144、fects might include having less farmland for raising crops and higher taxes on everyone in order to pay for the project.Before Viewing 2. In this video, Dale Aden returned his land to a natural state. What are some possible positive and negative effects this could have? Brainstorm these effects with
145、 your group.Viewing the World Example Answers In China, there are also many similar examples. To restore Chinas degraded ecological environment, the governmenthas launched an environmental restoration project named the “Grain for Green Project” (GGP) in 1999. This project wasconducted under the prem
146、ise that China can produce enough food. Consequently, the coverage of forested land (both olderforest and newly forested land) increased from 12.4 percent in 1995 to 37.7 percent in 2010. Given a chance, I would try to persuade farmers to return their farmland to a natural state for the environments
147、 sake. Before Viewing 3. Do you know any similar examples in China? Given a chance, would you persuade some Chinese farmers to return their farmland to a natural state?Viewing the WorldNarrator: Dale Aden has been farming most of his life. Just like his father and his fathers father. Dale Aden (Farm
148、er / Conservationist): Im a thirdgeneration farmer on this land. Narrator: His land is in Okabena, Minnesota. Adens farm is right along the Okabena Creek, where for many years, Aden watched helplessly as the creek flooded its banks and soaked his crops.To be continued Viewing the WorldDale Aden: In
149、wet years, this crop all drowns out and when you lose a crop it . basically, it takes another five years to pay for that one, that one year that we had a loss.Narrator: After the losses took their toll, Aden had an epiphany. Why not stop farming the marginal land and set it aside for wildlife?Dale A
150、den: I thought as a legacy I would do this put it back to where it should bebetter than what we found it.To be continued Viewing the WorldNarrator: Aden heard about a conservation program called Reinvest in Minnesotaor RIMthat would pay him to return some of his farmland to its natural state. The RI
151、M program encourages farmers to keep farming their productive land, but sell the marginal land thats susceptible to soil and water erosion. Aden planted trees and shrubs. And a friend is planting prairie grass that will soon provide cover for animals.To be continued Viewing the WorldDale Aden: Good
152、to see her. Shes sticking her head out over there.Narrator: Aden also made dozens of birdhouses like this one for a pair of tree swallows that will soon get a lot more crowded when these eggs hatch.Dale Aden: They can either be five, six, or seven.Narrator: Aden broke drainage tiles and let his farm
153、land return to wetland.To be continued Viewing the WorldDale Aden: Up until about three years ago, this was all farmed. Its hard to believe now, but it was all farmed. Corn and soybean rotation is what it was. Across the road here was the same way, three years ago it was all farmland.Narrator: Heres
154、 a look at Adens crop a few years ago. Heres that same spot todaya wetland with a thriving wildlife population. These days the sound of tractors on the Aden family farm has been replaced by a different sound.To be continued Viewing the WorldDale Aden: I call it “music”I guesswildlife music and its j
155、ust wonderful to hear.Narrator: And Aden is happy to sit back and listen. Dale Aden: I couldnt be happier for the way its turned out.国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说EngagingUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressEngagingA | Do an Internet search about a popular tradition in a country of your choice. Select a Web site from
156、the search results. Evaluate the Web site and complete the form below.Evaluating Web SourcesWeb Site Evaluation FormSearch Keywords: _ Name of Site: _Web Address： _1. Who is the author of the Web site? Author unknown Authors name _ Authors qualifications (if available) _acupuncture; traditionalChine
157、se medicineACUPUNCTURE.COM: Gatewayto Chinese Medicine, Health, and Wellness many authors, including Dr,Mao Shing Ni Ph.D.,D.O.M.,L.Ac.(no universities provided)EngagingEvaluating Web SourcesWeb Site Evaluation Form (Continued)2. Is there contact information for the author or the Web site owner on
158、the site? Yes No3. What is the suffix on the Web site address? .gov .com .edu Other: _4. What is the general purpose of the Web site? scholarly educational recreational to give an opinion to sell something5. When was information posted or last updated? _unknown, except for a copyrightdate of 2013Eng
159、agingEvaluating Web SourcesWeb Site Evaluation Form (Continued)6. How does the site look? well-maintained out-of-date7. Is the site easy to use? Yes No8. Does the Web site include advertisements? Yes No (If yes, what kind? _)There are many products and books for sale, plus an ad for a Chinese medici
160、ne clinic.)EngagingB | Imagine that you had to write a paper about the topic you selected. With a partner, discuss your Web site. Decide if the Web site is an appropriate and reliable source to use in your paper. Explain what makes your Web site a good source or a poor source.Evaluating Web SourcesE
161、ngaging Example Answers At first glance, the Web site appears to contain a lot of information. However, most of the menu links lead to products for saleeverything from books to herbal medicines. Some are related to the topic of acupuncture, but there is actually very little information available on
162、the Web siteonly a few small drawings of the meridians (经络) in the body and some nutrition suggestions. The doctors mentioned on the Web site may be experts in their fields, but the primary purpose of the Web site itself is clearly to sell products and advertising space. Therefore, this Web site is
163、only a somewhat reliable source of information, and is really not very useful to our research at all.Evaluating Web SourcesEngagingC | Form a group with another pair of students. Each of you will present your Web site to the group. Use your form to explain your Web site. As a group, rank the Web sit
164、es from the most reliable to the least reliable. Evaluating Web SourcesEngagingVarying Our Voice VolumeVolume means the loudness or softness of voice. When speaking to a partner or a small group, we can use our regular, everyday volume level. However, for larger groups and class presentations, our e
165、veryday voice can sound too quiet. For presentations, we will need to increase our volume. We can also introduce excitement into our voice by varying the volume. For example, we can emphasize some words by saying them more loudly than others, and we can create drama by lowering our voice as well. Va
166、rying our volume will help keep our audience interested during conversations and presentations.Evaluating Web Sources国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Further ListeningUnit 4 Tradition and ProgressFurther Listeningthe Great Rift Valley: a region in eastern Africa extending into southwest Asia. It consists of severa
167、l connected rifts which were formed by geological faults and volcanic activity. 东非大裂谷Listening 1Further ListeningListening 1A Hadza hunter climbs a tree to see animals in the distance.Further ListeningA | Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen to a talk about Hadza people and choose the
168、correct answers. Listening 11. What is the Hadza peoples attitude toward modern farming?a. They like it.b. They reject it.c. They ignore it.2. What do the Hadza people do for a living now?a. They hunt or gather their own food.b. They help tourists hunt or gather.c. They sell what they hunt or gather
169、.baFurther ListeningA | Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen to a talk about Hadza people and choose the correct answers. Listening 13. Which word best describes the effect of modern farming on the Hadza way of life?a. Threatening.b. Beneficial.c. Complementary.4. What is the Hadza peo
170、ples attitude toward their way of life in the near future?a. They are puzzled.b. They are hopeful.c. They are pessimistic.acFurther ListeningB | Listen again and take notes while listening. Then give an oral summary of the main idea of the talk according to your notes.Listening 1Further ListeningLis
171、tening 1 Example Answers Notes: reject farming; still hunter-gatherers lived in the Great Rift Valley for 10,000 years; speak own language: Hadzane get paid for demonstrating hunting skills to tourists share everything they have modern farming (only 25 percent the size they were in the 1950s) makes
172、it difficult to hunt / gather; Hadza expect that their way of life will soon disappearFurther ListeningListening 1 Example Answers Summary: The Hadza people reject farming and still follow the ancient way of life known as hunting and gathering. They have lived in the Great Rift Valley in northern Ta
173、nzania for 10,000 years, and they speak their own language which is called Hadzane. The Hadza people dont have much. In fact, Hadza men can make a little money by emonstrating hunting skills to tourists. Still, they share everything they have. To be continued Further ListeningListening 1 Example Ans
174、wers (continued) Nowadays, modern farming in Hadza lands is threatening the old way of life. The Hadza homeland is only 25 percent the size it was in the 1950s, which makes the hunting and gathering lifestyle much more difficult. Because of this, the Hadza people expect that their way of life will s
175、oon disappear.Further ListeningLong ago, people lived as hunters and gatherers. Over time people learned how to grow plants and raise domestic animals. Once this happened, there was a transition to agriculture in many societies. However, even today there are groups who reject farming and continue to
176、 hunt animals and gather their own food. The Hadza people are a group of hunter-gatherers who live in an isolated part of northern Tanzania. They have lived in the Great Rift Valley for a period of 10,000 years. The Hadza communicate in their own special language, called Hadzane.To be continued List
177、ening 1Further ListeningThe Hadza are not part of the modern economic system of Tanzania. When they are hungry, they can hunt or gather what they need for free. Hadza men can make a little money by displaying their hunting skills for tourists. It is an interesting contradiction that although the Had
178、za have very little, they share a lot. In fact, they share everything they have with others.To be continued Listening 1Further ListeningIn the Great Rift Valley, modern farming has spread in recent years, and this development has had serious consequences for the Hadza. Their homeland is now only 25
179、percent of the size it was in the 1950s. Hunting is now more difficult for them, as there are fewer animals than before. The Hadza people anticipate that their way of life will disappear in the near future.Listening 1Further ListeningListening 2Chile: a country of southwest South America with a long
180、 Pacific coastline. It was colonized by Spain in 1541 and declared its independence in 1818. Santiago is the capital and the largest city. 智利（南美洲国家）Huilliche language: a language spoken by a small ethnic group in Chile. In 1982, only around 2,000 people still spoke the language, and most of those we
181、re already elderly. Since Spanish is the main language of Chile, it is possible that Huiliche will disappear entirely. 惠里切语Further ListeningListening 2Chile: a country of southwest South America with a long Pacific coastline. It was colonized by Spain in 1541 and declared its independence in 1818. S
182、antiago is the capital and the largest city. 智利（南美洲国家）Further ListeningListening 2Huilliche language: a language spoken by a small ethnic group in Chile. In 1982, only around 2,000 people still spoke the language, and most of those were already elderly. Since Spanish is the main language of Chile, i
183、t is possible that Huiliche will disappear entirely. 惠里切语Further ListeningListening 2A Huilliche man plays a musical instrument he built.Further ListeningA | Read the statements. Then listen to an interview about saving the worlds languages and check () T for true or F for false.Listening 21. By 210
184、0, over half of the current languages will have disappeared. 2. A language is considered dead when most of its speakers are over 70 years old.3. Languages disappear because some governments make policies to force people to speak only one language.4. The objective of the National Geographic project i
185、s to help people whose languages are dying keep their cultures alive.T F Further ListeningB | Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen again and choose the correct answers.Listening 21. How quickly are the worlds languages disappearing?a. Every week, a language dies.b. Every 14 weeks, a la
186、nguage dies.c. Every two weeks, a language dies.2. What kind of language is the Huilliche language in Chile?a. A dead language.b. A dying language.c. A revived language.cbFurther ListeningB | Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen again and choose the correct answers.Listening 23. How do
187、 the scientists on the National Geographic project help save a dying language?a. They give people recording devices to record the language.b. They help people make dictionaries of the language.c. They make recordings of the language to help people learn to speak it.aFurther ListeningListening 2To be
188、 continued A: Whats happening to the worlds languages?B: Well, most people dont know that a language dies every 14 days. When a language dies, no one can speak the language anymore. National Geographic helped found a project to save the worlds most unique languages.A: How many languages are dying?B:
189、 Scientists think that over half of the languages spoken today may no longer exist in 2100. In Chile, for example, the Huilliche language may die soon. Only a small portion of people can speakthe language, and most of the speakers are over 70 years old.Further ListeningListening 2To be continued A:
190、Why does a language disappear?B: There are many reasons. Governments sometimes create federal policies that tell citizens to speak only one language. Also, people may forget a language if they dont speak it often.A: What made you undertake the task of trying to savethese languages?B: Language is the
191、 key to understanding how speakers think and communicate. Our objective is to help people keep their cultures alive. From my perspective as a scientist, I think our work is veryimportant.To be continued Further ListeningListening 2A: What do you do to help groups regain dying languages?B: We enable
192、people to study their language by giving them recording devices. We make dictionaries, and we highlight how people can teach their language to others. In the future, we can grant access to the recordings, so people can learn the language and keep it alive.Further ListeningListening 3the Amish: a rel
193、igious group in the U.S. that live in atraditional way, mainly by farming, and refuse to usemodern technology 阿曼门诺派（美国的一个教派）An Amish man takes his horse-drawn carriage down a busy road.Further ListeningDictation. Listen to a passage about the Amish people and write down what you hear. Altogether the
194、 passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will
195、be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.Listening 3Further ListeningThe Amish people of the United States enjoy living simply. They stop attending school around the eighth grade, and they live without modern conveniences. The Amish resist using technologies such
196、 as electricity, automobiles, and computers. Many do not even like having their picture taken. Amish people are accustomed to riding in horse-drawn carriages. Most Amish people live in the states of Pennsylvania, Indiana, or Ohio. The average Amish family has five children.Listening 3To be continued
197、 Further ListeningThe population of Amish people keeps growing. A recent survey counted 230,000 Amish people. Sixteen years ago, there were only about 115,000 Amish people. Since older Amish communities no longer have enough land for their people, many Amish can nolonger avoid going out into the modern world to find a place to live. Rather than risk living near people who are not Amish, some Amish have moved far from their traditional homes to isolated areas of the United States and Canada.Listening 3国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Thank You!
