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1、非谓语（分词短语）与定从，状从，并列句转换 英语中，一句话只能有一个主谓结构2（一句话只能有一个谓语动词一句话只能有一个谓语动词） 如果出现更多动词： 加连词加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句放入从句 （that,which,if, when.)变为非谓语动词变为非谓语动词(todo,doing,done)1.谓语动词：谓语动词：overview(概述，概观）概述，概观）：2.非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词形式在句子中担任谓语的动词形式是动词的特殊形式，在句中是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除可以作除谓语外谓语外的的所有成分所有成分1.Theteacherssitt
2、ingtherearefromotherschools.表语表语2.Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语宾语补足语3.Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等.非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。1.Sheg
3、otoffthebus,_herhandbagonherseat.2.Shegotoffthebus,_ leftherhandbagonherseat.3.Shegotoffthebus,_shewasreadingabook.leavingbutwhen非谓语与定从，状从，并列句转换 一、定语从句转为非谓语（分词）一、定语从句转为非谓语（分词）删去关系代词和删去关系代词和be，其它成分不变。，其它成分不变。1.若关系词之后有若关系词之后有be动词动词,则则,Examples:1).Watchthemenwhoarecomingthisway.Watchtheman_.comingthisw
4、ay2).Lessonswhicharelearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.Lessons_aresoonforgotten.learned easily3).Thedogwhichwasbeatenyesterdayisdead.Thedog_ yesterday isdead.beatenThemanwhoisinwhiteisJack.=Theman_isJack.Thestudentwhoiswearingajacketisfrommyclass.=Thestudent_isfrommyclass.in whitewearingThisisabookthatis
5、worthreading.=Thisisabook_.Whatisthenameofthebookwrittenbyyou?=_Didyounoticethehousewhichwasburning?=_worth reading2.若关系词之后若关系词之后没有没有be be 动词动词,而是而是一般的动词一般的动词,则则,Anyone_maydoso.wishing to leave early1).Anyonewhowishestoleaveearlymaydoso.删去关系词，再将动词改为删去关系词，再将动词改为-ing形式形式,其它不变。其它不变。2).The boy who sat n
6、ear the window was good at playing football.Theboy_wasgoodatplayingfootball.sitting near the window3).Weseethestreamwhichrisesfromthehole.Weseethestream_.rising from the hole二、状语从句转为非谓语（分词）二、状语从句转为非谓语（分词）1).先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉2).如果状语如果状语从句的主语与主句从句的主语与主句主语相主语相同同，则去掉从句主语；则去掉从句主语；不相同不相同，则保留则保留
7、从句主语（从句主语（亦称独立主格结构亦称独立主格结构）(可不掌握！）可不掌握！）3).若若状语从句的谓语动词有状语从句的谓语动词有be,则，则，去掉去掉be;be;把谓语动词变成把谓语动词变成V-ingV-ing形式形式若状语从句的谓语动词无若状语从句的谓语动词无be,则，则， 若主句动词为若主句动词为现在现在时，而状语从句时，而状语从句的动词为的动词为过去过去时，那么为了表示状时，那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词，语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词，则变则变分词分词短语是应改为短语是应改为完成式完成式。Attention!转换练习：转换练习：1. 1.状语从句主语与主句主语相同。状语
8、从句主语与主句主语相同。（逆向法：即分词的逻辑主语就是（逆向法：即分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语）主句的主语）1). After I had heard frommybrother,Ifeltmuchhappy._,Ifeltmuchhappy.Having heard from my brother2). As he is ill,hecantattendthemeeting._,hecantattendthemeeting.Being ill3).When he was buyingthebooks,hemetanoldfriend._,hemetanoldfriend.Buying the
9、 book4).Becausehehasbeenpraised toomuch,hebecomestooproud._,hebecomestooproud.Having been praised too much2.前后主语不相同。（逆向法：前后主语不相同。（逆向法：即分词的逻辑主语就是原状语从即分词的逻辑主语就是原状语从句的主语）句的主语）（不需掌握）（不需掌握）1).Afterthesunhadset,wearrivedatthestation.Thesun_,wearrivedatthestation.having set2).Whenschoolwasover,theboyswenth
10、ome. _,theboyswenthome.School being over3).Ashishomeworkhasbeendone,theboyswenthome._ ,theboyswenthome.His homework having been done4).Iftheweatherpermits,wellgototheGreatWall.Theweather_,wellgototheGreatWall. permitting3. Attention! 3. Attention! ( (不需掌握）不需掌握）1).Becausehislovelydogwasdead,littleboy
11、isveryupset._,littleboyisveryupset.His lovely dog having been dead2).Ashewasidleinhisyouth,hehastoworkhardinhisoldage._,hehastoworkhardinhisoldage.Having been idle in his youth3).Afternewteachingbuildingwasfinished,studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow._,studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow.New teaching bu
12、ilding having been finishedCondiiton (Condiiton (条件）条件）：并列句并列句主语相同主语相同时，时，保留一保留一个主语个主语；并列句；并列句主语不相同主语不相同时时，两个主语都保留两个主语都保留。此处也要注意到方法（二）此处也要注意到方法（二）中的中的“一个补充一个补充”和和“一个一个注意注意”。转换练习：转换练习：1. 1. 并列句并列句主语相同主语相同时，保留一个主语时，保留一个主语。1).Mytrainstartsat12andwillarrivedinWuhanat3. Mytrainstartsat12,_.三、并列句改为非谓语（分词）
13、三、并列句改为非谓语（分词）arriving in Wuhan at 32).Shealonestayedathome and didherhomework.Shealonestayedathome,_.doing her homework2.并列句并列句主语不相同主语不相同 时，两个主语时，两个主语都保留都保留。Examples:1).Hewasreadingabook, andhiswifewasdoinghousework.He was reading a book, _.his wife doing housework2).Theylistenedtothemovedstoryabou
14、tRenChangxiaand tearsrandowntheircheeks.TheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxia,_.tears running down their cheeks状从转为非谓语（分词）的延伸状从转为非谓语（分词）的延伸：连接词连接词+ +分词分词：（when/while/unless doing.)when/while/unless doing.)此类句型实际上是将从属连词此类句型实际上是将从属连词when,while,though,unless等引导的从等引导的从句省略了相同的主语及句省略了相同的主语及be动词变化动词变
15、化而来的而来的（状语从句的省略状语从句的省略）转换练习转换练习：1.WhilehewasfightinginKorea,hewastakenprisoner.While_inKorea,hewastakenprisoner.fighting 2.Whenthedrugistakenaccordingtoitsintroductions,thedrughasnoneglecteffect.When_accordingtoitsintroductions,thedrughasnoneglecteffect.taken五、巩固练习巩固练习：1、将下列复合句或并列句改为含分词短语的句子1). When
16、 he left the classroom, he didnt say goodbye to me._,hedidntsaygoodbyetome.Whenleavingtheclassroom2). Because he is ill, he cant attend the meeting. _,hecantattendthemeeting.Beingill3). The teacher is teaching in the classroom. Jim and Tom are playing games._,JimandTomareplayinggames. Theteacherteac
17、hingintheclassroom4). The boys who swam in the river were in danger. Theboys_wereindanger.swimmingintheriver5).Becausehehadseenthefilmbefore,hewentoutofthecinema._,hewentoutofthecinema.Havingseenthefilmbefore6).Whenourschoolisseenfromthemountain.Ourschoolisbeautiful._,ourschoolisbeautiful.Seenfromth
18、emountain7).Themanrosefromthegroundandbeatthedustoffhisclothes.Themanrosefromtheground,_.beatingthedustoffhisclothes2、将下列含分词短语的句子改为复合句或并列句。1). Seeing from the mountain, I find our school is beautiful.(when)_,Ifindourschoolisbeautiful. WhenIseefromthemountain2). He told me he would stand by the roads
19、ide, watching the parade.(and)Hetoldmehewouldstandbytheroadside_.andwatchtheparade3). Judged from what he said, he is a teacher._,heisateacher.Ifheisjudgedfromwhathesaid4). The children went home after class, singing and laughing.Thechildrenwenthomeafterclass_.andsangandlaughed5).Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.(after)_,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast. Afterhehadbrushedhisteeth_,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.(as)6).Weatherbeingfine,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.(as) Asweatherwasfine_,wehavetowalk.7).Therebeingnobus,wehavetowalk.(because)Becausethereisnobus
