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1、Module 4A Social Survey My Neighborhood 现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分过去分词词 John has broken his left leg.Ive just copied all the new words.She hasnt f
2、inished her homework yet.I have never seen him before Have you ever made dumplings? Yes, I have.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词时间副词already(已经已经) ，yet(还、已经还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经曾经) ，never(从不从不) ，before(以前以前)等连用。等连用。2. 持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中
3、谓语持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与或状态。此时常与 “for 一段时间一段时间” 或或“since过去的点时间或从句过去的点时间或从句(从句用一从句用一般过去时般过去时) ”以及以及so far(到目前为止到目前为止)等时等时间状语连用。间状语连用。 Ive lived here since 1990 自从自从1990年以来我就住在这里。年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here
4、 for 13 years.= It is 13 years since I began to live here.按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。1. He has already finished his homework.2.（改为否定句）（改为否定句） He _ finished his homework _. 2They have found the lost books already. （改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_ hasntyetHavefoun
5、dalreadyhavent3. Julia has not got home from school yet（改为肯定句）（改为肯定句） Julia _ _ _ home from school 4. You have never been to Shanghai before, _ _?（改为反意疑问句）（改为反意疑问句） 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改（改为反意疑问句）为反意疑问句）has already got havent youhashe6. Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.
6、（改为同义句）（改为同义句） Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999. 7. I havent seen him for three years. (同义同义句句) I _ _ _ since three years ago.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问对划线提问)has taught havent seen himHow long have they lived here?高考真题高考真题C1. - _ David and Vicky _ married? - For a
7、bout three years. (北京北京2003) A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; getD2. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2011湖南湖南) A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended3. When you are home, give a call
8、to let me know you _ safely. (2010全国课标全国课标I) A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arriveB4. Up to now, the program _ thousand of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山东山东) A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved D一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或一般过去时表示
9、过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。一般过去时的常用时间状语：一般过去时的常用时间状语：yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语；等，皆为具体的时间状语；而现在完成时的常用时间状语：而现在完成时的常用时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up t
10、o now 等，一般为一段时间。等，一般为一段时间。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如：或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know等；等；而一般过去时长用非持续性动词，如：而一般过去时长用非持续性动词，如：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。等。延续性动词与非延续性动词：延续性动词与非延续性动词：1. 延续性动词延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如语连用，如: l
11、ive, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等等2. 非延续性动词非延续性动词 (终止性动词终止性动词/短暂性动词短暂性动词) 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,如如: come, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。等。非延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词
12、1. arrivebe here leavebe away start be on finish be over openbe open marrybe married put onbe on 2. put onwear borrowkeep buyhave catch a coldhave a coldI saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生在过去某个时间）（强调看的动作发生在过去某个时间）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，即电影的内容（强调对现在的影响，即电影的内容已经知道了）已经知道了）Why did you get up
13、so early? （强调起床的动作已经发生过）（强调起床的动作已经发生过）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （有人卷子未交，强调结果）（有人卷子未交，强调结果）He has been in the league for three years. （在团内的状态，可持续）（在团内的状态，可持续）He has been a league member for three years. （是团员的状态，可持续）（是团员的状态，可持续）用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型It is the first / second time that 在这个结构中的从句部分，用现
14、在完成在这个结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。如：时。如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the first time Ive heard him sing.This is + 形容词最高级形容词最高级 + that在这种结构中，在这种结构中，that从句要用现在完从句要用现在完成时。如：成时。如：This is the best film that Ive ever seen. Recall the sentences from A Lively City, and fill in the blanks wit
15、h one proper words.1. I _ quite a lot of China 2. I _ some beautiful cities.3. They _ just completed it.4. They _ a lot of high-rise buildings recently.have seenhave visitedhavehave put up5. A friend _ me about a nice little fish restaurant near here.6. This is the first time I _ visited your hometo
16、wn.7. This is one of the most attractive places I _ to.have toldhavehave beenTranslate these sentences into English.1. 汤姆回来了。汤姆回来了。2.汤姆回来一个多星期了。汤姆回来一个多星期了。Tom has come back.Tom has been back for over a week.2. 你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？ 你离开学校多久了？你离开学校多久了？When did you leave school this afternoon?
17、How long have you been away from school?3. 他在他在1998年买了这辆自行车。年买了这辆自行车。 他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行车。行车。He bought the bike in 1998.He has had the bike since he came to our school.4. 上个月我借了这本书。上个月我借了这本书。 这本书我借了一个月了。这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed the book last month.I have kept the book for a month.5. 电影是半小时
18、之前开始的。电影是半小时之前开始的。 电影已放映半小时了。电影已放映半小时了。The film began half an hour ago.The film has been on for half an hour.Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. （全国（全国高高考）考） A. wasB. had been C. has beenD. will be解析：解析：由时间状语由时间状语so far可知本句应用现在完成时。可知本句应用现在完成时。 课文原文课文原文
19、: You know, Ive seen quite a lot of China and Ive visited some beautiful cities, .CThis is the first time we _ a film in thecinema together as a family.（陕西高考）（陕西高考） A. seeB. had seen C. sawD. have seen 解析：解析： 在在This / It is the first / second . time that从句中，从句中，that从句谓语动词用现在完成时态。从句谓语动词用现在完成时态。句意为：这是
20、第一次我们全家人一起到电影院看句意为：这是第一次我们全家人一起到电影院看电影。电影。 课文原文课文原文: And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown.D Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. （全国（全国高考）高考） A. has joinedB. joins C. had joinedD. joined解析解析 考查主句用现在完成时，考查主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句引导的从句用一般过去时这一结构。用
21、一般过去时这一结构。 课文原文：课文原文： It has been six years since we last saw each other, you know.DSallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _?（上海高考）（上海高考） A. hasnt sheB. has she C. isnt sheD. is she 解析：解析：句中出现了否定副词句中出现了否定副词never,因此这是一个否因此这是一个否定句，故在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，故可排定句，故在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，故可排除除A、C；又因为；又因为Sallys是是Sally has的缩写，即是现的缩写，即是现在完成时态，故选在完成时态，故选has she。 课文原文：课文原文： Mr. Yang, youre from Nanchang, arent you?B
